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Prediction By A Rapid Enzymatic Procedure Of Energy Values And Nitrogen Digestibility Of Diets And Feed Ingredients For Swine (1983), A Hsu, G L. Allee
Prediction By A Rapid Enzymatic Procedure Of Energy Values And Nitrogen Digestibility Of Diets And Feed Ingredients For Swine (1983), A Hsu, G L. Allee
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A rapid in vitro method has been developed to predict digestibilities of nitrogen, dry matter (DM) and energy in feed ingredients and mixed diets for swine. A total of 21 samples, including nine feed ingredients and 12 mixed diets in which in vivo dry matter digestibility (DMD), nitrogen digestibility (ND), digestible engergy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) had been measured previously by conventional pig digestion trials were used in the in vitro assays. The in vitro procedure involved digestion of the sample with pepsin followed with amylase and pancreatin. The digestibilities of DM and protein were measured and compared to …
Meal-Time Vs Ad Libitum Feeding Of Finishing Swine (Feeder Comparisons) (1983), J Vargas Vargas, Robert H. Hines
Meal-Time Vs Ad Libitum Feeding Of Finishing Swine (Feeder Comparisons) (1983), J Vargas Vargas, Robert H. Hines
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Three feeding trials using 480 finishing pigs were conducted to evaluate meal time feeding versus ad libitum feeding. Growth rate and feed required per pound of gain were similar for all treatments. Carcass characteristics, except for backfat thickness, were similar for meal and ad libitum-fed pigs. Pigs fed ad libitum did have significantly more backfat (1.23 vs 1.01 inches) than the meal-fed pigs. Growth rate and feed efficiency were similar when rectangular feeders were compared with oval feeders for ad libitum feeding of finishing pigs.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 10, 1983
Effect Of Particle Size Of Corn And Sorghum Grain On Performance And Digestibility For Weaned Pigs (1983), S J. Oh, G L. Allee, Keith C. Behnke, C W. Deyoe
Effect Of Particle Size Of Corn And Sorghum Grain On Performance And Digestibility For Weaned Pigs (1983), S J. Oh, G L. Allee, Keith C. Behnke, C W. Deyoe
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A 2 x 2 x 2 factorial experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of two grain sources (corn or sorghum grain), two processing methods (hammer mill or roller mill), and two particle sizes (fine and coarse) on performance and nutrient digestibility of weaned pigs. Each grain was ground through a hammer mill with either a 1/8" (fine) or a 1/4" (coarse) screen. Average daily gain was not influenced by particle size, grain source or method of processing. Feed intake tended to increase as particle size increased, with the lowest feed intake on the fine particle size hammer-milled diet. Feed …
Estrous Synchronization And Scheduled Artificial Insemination For Gilts (1983), Duane L. Davis, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, W E. Schmidt
Estrous Synchronization And Scheduled Artificial Insemination For Gilts (1983), Duane L. Davis, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, W E. Schmidt
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Gilts were artificially inseminated on the fifth, sixth and seventh days after estrous synchronization with altrenogest (scheduled AI). Contemporary controls also were synchronized but were checked for estrus twice daily. Scheduled AI gilts had farrowing rates and litter sizes similar to controls. Altrenogest is not presently available to pork producers but these results suggest that it could be used in combination with artificial insemination to schedule breeding according to a predetermined schedule.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 10, 1983
Reproductive Performance Of Sows After Reducing Litter Size For Five Days Before Weaning (1983), Jeffrey S. Stevenson, Duane L. Davis
Reproductive Performance Of Sows After Reducing Litter Size For Five Days Before Weaning (1983), Jeffrey S. Stevenson, Duane L. Davis
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Our objective was to characterize reproductive performance for sows nursed by only two to four pigs for the last 5 days of lactation. Litter size was reduced beginning at 2 (16 sows), 3 (15 sows), or 4 (15 sows) weeks after farrowing, while 14 sows had no change in their litter size and were weaned at 5 weeks. Reducing litter size (RLS) resulted in 19 of 46 (41 %) sows showing estrus at weaning. More (P<.05) RLS sows were in heat 0 to 3 days after weaning compared with control sows. Fertility traits (number of corpora lutea, eggs fertilized, fertilization rate, cleaved eggs, and cleavage rate) were determined 4 to 6 days after estrus and were unaffected by treatment. Intervals to estrus after weaning were reduced using the RLS treatment while maintaining normal fertility after inseminations at the early estrus. However, for those sows not in heat at weaning in response to RLS treatment, intervals to estrus were less synchronous than for controls.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 10, 1983
Induction Of Fertile Estrus During Lactation In Sows (1983), Jeffrey S. Stevenson, Duane L. Davis
Induction Of Fertile Estrus During Lactation In Sows (1983), Jeffrey S. Stevenson, Duane L. Davis
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Our objective was to determine the effectiveness of inducing estrus during lactation by reducing the nursing load of the sow between 2 and 4 weeks after farrowing. lactating sows were separated from their litters for either 6 (20 sows) or 12 (10 sows) hr/day between 2 and 4 weeks postpartum. For comparison, the litters of other sows were weaned at either 2 (13 sows) or 4 (16 sows) weeks of age. Estrus was induced in 13 of 20 (65%) sows and 5 of 10 (50%) sows that were separated from their litters for 6 or 12 hr/day during lactation, respectively, …
Housing Sows After Weaning: Re-Establishment Of Estrus And Subsequent Reproduction (1983), W E. Schmidt, Duane L. Davis, Jeffrey S. Stevenson
Housing Sows After Weaning: Re-Establishment Of Estrus And Subsequent Reproduction (1983), W E. Schmidt, Duane L. Davis, Jeffrey S. Stevenson
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We penned sows after weaning either in groups of 4 or 5 or individually in gestation stalls. Beginning 3 days after weaning sows were checked twice daily and artificially inseminated 24 and 36 hr after first detected estrus. Twenty four to 48 hr after their last insemination sows either were moved to the other penning treatment, or remained in their weaning treatment, for 30 additional days. Group penning after weaning resulted in a slightly shorter interval to estrus (.25 day; P<.05). But percent sows in estrus by 10 days after weaning was similar in both groups. No effects on farrowing rate or litter size, due to weaning treatment, were observed. Post-breeding treatment affected farrowing rate (P<.05) with 80.6% of sows penned in groups farrowing, as opposed to 67.3% of individually stalled sows. No effects on either total or Iive pigs farrowed could be attributed to post-breeding treatment.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 10, 1983
Prediction From Chemical Analyses Of Energy Value And Nitrogen Digestibility Of Feed Ingredients And Diets For Swine (1983), Ali Hsu, G L. Allee, D S. Pollmann
Prediction From Chemical Analyses Of Energy Value And Nitrogen Digestibility Of Feed Ingredients And Diets For Swine (1983), Ali Hsu, G L. Allee, D S. Pollmann
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Nine individual feed ingredients and 12 mixed diets were used in an attempt to select the most suitable regression equation for predicting energy value and nitrogen digestibility from chemical analyses. Samples were analyzed for crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fiber (CF), ash, moisture and nitrogen-free extract (NFE). Feed ingredients were corn, sorghum grain, wheat (trial 1), alfalfa meal, wheat bran, rice bran (trial 2), soybean meal, meat and bone meal and sunflower meal (trial 3). Levels ranged from 9.9 to 53.9% for CP, from 1.5 to 25.5% for CF, and from 1.7 to 27.3% for ash. A total …
Farrowing Interval And Pig Performance (1983), J D. Wheat, M S. Suba, A D. Dayton, G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines
Farrowing Interval And Pig Performance (1983), J D. Wheat, M S. Suba, A D. Dayton, G L. Allee, Robert H. Hines
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The average for 1813 farrowing intervals was 16.78 minutes with a standard deviation of 25.37 minutes. Farrowing duration averaged 141.51 minutes, ranging from 11 to 618 minutes. The difference between farrowing intervals for Yorkshire and Yorkshire-Duroc crossbred dams was nonsignificant. Neither season of the year, birth order, sire of the litter nor sex of the pig significantly affected farrowing interval. However, dam of the litter affected farrowing interval in both groups, Yorkshires (P<.05) and crossbreds (P<.01), as did birth weight (r=.17, P<.0l). Number of pigs born alive and average farrowing interval for the dam were correlated negatively (r=-.39, P<.0l), while the correlation between farrowing duration and number of pigs born alive was .22 (P<.0l). Consequently, sow producti vity index was related negatively with average farrowing interval (r=-.30, P<.0l), but the correlation between farrowing duration and sow productivity index was .16 (P<.05).; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 10, 1983
Effect Of Fluctuating Hot Temperatures On Performance And Immunity In Finishing Pigs (1983), M A. Jensen, Frank Blecha, Robert H. Hines
Effect Of Fluctuating Hot Temperatures On Performance And Immunity In Finishing Pigs (1983), M A. Jensen, Frank Blecha, Robert H. Hines
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Housing pigs in a thermal stress environment reduced gain, intake and feed efficiency. Cell mediated immunity responses were lower under the constant heat stress as well as when the temperature was lowered to a thermal neutral temperature for only 4 hours daily. Daily cooling to thermal neutral for 4, 8, or 16 hours improved growth performance. Antibody responses were not altered by temperature fluctuations.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 10, 1983
Influence Of Alfalfa Addition To Sow Diets (1983), D S. Pollmann, S M. Dennis, R R. Laforge
Influence Of Alfalfa Addition To Sow Diets (1983), D S. Pollmann, S M. Dennis, R R. Laforge
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Twenty-four sows were utilized to evaluate the influence of a high fiber diet on nutrient digestibility and hindgut bacterial populations and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations. Sows were fed either a control of milo-soybean meal or a 50% sun-cured alfalfa diet. The addition of alfalfa decreased (P<.05) energy, nitrogen and fiber utilization as compared to the control diet. Alfalfa-fed sows, after a 90-day adaptation, were able to utilize more cellulose and crude fiber, which contributed to slight improvement in energy utilization. Bacterial populations and VFA concentrations in the hindgut were altered when sows were fed a 50% alfalfa diet. Therefore, these results indicate that alfalfa, if cost effective, can be added to sow diets.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 10, 1983
Fat In Sow Diets: Effects On Rebreeding And Subsequent Litter Size (1983), D S. Pollmann, G L. Allee, W D. Schoenherr
Fat In Sow Diets: Effects On Rebreeding And Subsequent Litter Size (1983), D S. Pollmann, G L. Allee, W D. Schoenherr
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Two on-farm trials with a total of 264 sows were conducted to evaluate the effects of added fat in the diet during the last seven days of lactation and/or during the period from weaning to remating on days from weaning to first service and to evaluate the effects of added fat prior to breeding on subsequent litter size. In Trial 1, by feeding sows 1 pound of fat 7 days prior to weaning litters and 7 days postweaning did not improve rebreeding performance. The subsequent farrowing rate was not affected by the fat addition but there was a slight improvement …
Response Of Varying Weight Groups Of Finishing Pigs To Antibiotic Supplementation (1983), Robert H. Hines
Response Of Varying Weight Groups Of Finishing Pigs To Antibiotic Supplementation (1983), Robert H. Hines
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Two feeding trials involving a total of 320 head of finishing pigs were used to evaluate the effect of feeding an antibiotic to three groups selected from within a farrowing group. Pigs were divided by weight into group A (heaviest 50%), group B (25-50%) and group C (lightest 25%). Each group was assigned treatments of either 4 weeks of 100 gm of tylan-sulfa followed by 4 weeks of 40 gm/ton of tylan or no antibiotic for the 8-week trial. All groups responded to antibiotic feeding the initial 4 weeks with improved growth rate. The second 4 weeks resulted in a …
Effect Of Creep Feeding And Creep Diet On Pre- And Post-Weaning Pig Performance (1983), G L. Allee
Effect Of Creep Feeding And Creep Diet On Pre- And Post-Weaning Pig Performance (1983), G L. Allee
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Three trials involving 61 litters of pigs were conducted to evaluate the effects of creep feeding and creep diet on weaning weight and subsequent performance in the nursery. Pigs offered a commercial milk replacer pellet (Soweena Pig Pellets) consumed more feed and were heavier at weaning than pigs fed a 20% whey corn-soybean meal creep diet or pigs fed no creep feed. Pigs utilized the creep feed very efficiently with creep feed conversion rates of less than 1:1. Creep feeding did not affect the 4- or 5-week post-weaning average daily gain or feed conversion. However, pigs that were creep fed …
Square Footage Requirement Of Weaned Pigs (1983), B A. Koch, Robert H. Hines
Square Footage Requirement Of Weaned Pigs (1983), B A. Koch, Robert H. Hines
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
One hundred and twenty weaned pigs were used to evaluate the effect of space allowance. Pigs were housed in a control environment nursery with woven wire flooring with 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 head per 4' x 5' pen which allowed 4.5, 3.0, 2.25, 1.8, and 1.5 square feet of usable space, respectively, for each pig. No significant differences were observed in performance for the five-week period. However, during week 3,4, and 5 of the trial, pigs with 1.8 and 1.5 sq. ft. of space, respectively, had a markedly reduced feed intake and average daily gain. Feed gain ratios …
Microflora Manipulation Of Artificially Reared Piglets (1983), W D. Schoenherr, D S. Pollmann, G E. Kennedy, D A. Schoneweis, R R. Laforge
Microflora Manipulation Of Artificially Reared Piglets (1983), W D. Schoenherr, D S. Pollmann, G E. Kennedy, D A. Schoneweis, R R. Laforge
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Three experiments were conducted with pigs to examine the influence of two antimicrobial agents on growth, blood parameters, the intestinal flora population and the therapeutic action on mycoplasma pneumonia. The pigs were fed a medicated milk replacer for 21 days in individual cages in an environmentally controlled room. In Experiment 1, pigs received two levels of lincomycin (L): 5 mg (LILO) and 10 mg (LIHI) injection per pound of body weight, and two levels of long-acting oxytetracycline (LAO): 100 mg (LALO) and 200 mg (LAHI) per injection and were compared to a control. Growth, feed efficiency, scour score, severity of …
Effect Of Feeding Streptococcus Faecium To Artificially Reared Pigs (1983), E F. Kluber Iii, D S. Pollmann, Frank Blecha
Effect Of Feeding Streptococcus Faecium To Artificially Reared Pigs (1983), E F. Kluber Iii, D S. Pollmann, Frank Blecha
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Two trials were conducted with a total of 112 artificially reared pigs to evaluate the effect feeding Streptococcus faecium. The areas studied were growth and feed efficiency, mortality rate, daily scour score, blood parameters (total leukocyte numbers and differentials), and in vivo determination of cell-mediated immunity. The results of the trial indicate that there was no significant advantage to feeding Streptococcus faecium to artificially reared pigs.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 10, 1983
Drip Cooling Of Lactating Sows (1983), David A. Nichols, James P. Murphy, Robbins F. Vic
Drip Cooling Of Lactating Sows (1983), David A. Nichols, James P. Murphy, Robbins F. Vic
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Twenty eight sows and gilts were used to evaluate the value of drip sprinkling to reduce heat stress in lactating sows. Respiration rates for sprinkled sows were significantly lower than those of controls. Daily feed intake was significantly higher for wetted sows versus the unwetted controls. No differences were observed between groups on number of pigs born alive, dead, number weaned or pig birth weight.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 10, 1983
Effect Of Injectable Antibiotics At Breeding On Reproductive Performance (1983), D S. Pollman, Duane L. Davis
Effect Of Injectable Antibiotics At Breeding On Reproductive Performance (1983), D S. Pollman, Duane L. Davis
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A total of 116 sows were used in a study to evaluate the effect of penicillin or long-acting oxytetracycline on reproductive performance. Antibiotic injection at breeding time did not improve farrowing rate or litter size. Therefore, these results indicate that it is not cost effective to inject these antibiotics on the day of breeding.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 10, 1983
Oxygen Consumption, Heart Rate And The Electrocardiogram Of Pigs During Exertion (1983), Howard H. Erickson, F M. Faraci, S C. Olsen
Oxygen Consumption, Heart Rate And The Electrocardiogram Of Pigs During Exertion (1983), Howard H. Erickson, F M. Faraci, S C. Olsen
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Pigs were exercised for 5 minutes at five different treadmill speeds (1.0-1.8 sec^-1 ) (3° incline), while oxygen consumption (MO2), carbon dioxide production (MCO2), and the electrocardiogram (ECG) were continuously recorded. Data were taken at rest, during exercise, and at 2, 5, 15, and 30 minutes after exercise. MO2, MCO2, and heart rate (HR) showed progressive increases with increasing treadmill speed. The respiratory exchange ratio (R) increased during exercise and approached 1.0, but peak values were seen shortly after exercise. A high correlation between HR and MO2 was found in these animals. Prominent increases in T-wave amplitude of the ECG …
Effect Of Sarcoptic Mange Mite Infestation On The Growth And Immunity In Growing-Finishing Pigs (1983), G L. Keeler, D S. Pollmann, Frank Blecha, A B. Broce, E L. Wooten
Effect Of Sarcoptic Mange Mite Infestation On The Growth And Immunity In Growing-Finishing Pigs (1983), G L. Keeler, D S. Pollmann, Frank Blecha, A B. Broce, E L. Wooten
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Twenty -eight pigs were used to evaluate the effect the sarcoptic mange mite infestation on growth and immunity of growing-finishing pigs. Although mange mite infestation did not affect gain, the white blood cell counts were increased (23.6 vs. 28.6) two weeks after the infestation, corresponding to the mite generation. Two weeks after the infestation lymphocytes were decreased (61.0 vs. 51. 3%) and neutrophils were increased (25.7 vs. 35.1%). It appears from these data that sarcoptic mange mite infestation may influence immune status of growing-finishing pigs.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 10, 1983
Effect Of Regrouping Unfamiliar Pigs At Weaning On Immune Function (1983), Frank Blecha, D S. Pollmann, David A. Nichols
Effect Of Regrouping Unfamiliar Pigs At Weaning On Immune Function (1983), Frank Blecha, D S. Pollmann, David A. Nichols
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Pigs weaned at 3 weeks of age and regrouped with unfamiliar individuals had a 4-fold increase in plasma cortisol when compared to pigs that remained in a litter group. However, cellular measures of immune function were not altered by regrouping.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 10, 1983