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Genetic Relationships Of Body Condition Score With Carcass Traits In Limousin Cattle, D.R. Eborn, Daniel W. Moser
Genetic Relationships Of Body Condition Score With Carcass Traits In Limousin Cattle, D.R. Eborn, Daniel W. Moser
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Field data from the North American Limousin Federation was used to determine the heritability and genetic correlations of body condition score (BCS) with carcass traits. Carcass traits included carcass weight, ribeye area, fat thickness, intramuscular fat, and % kidney, pelvic, and heart fat, and all were estimated to be lowly to moderately heritable (0.14 to 0.34). Heritability of BCS was 0.19. Favorable correlations existed between ribeye area and carcass weight (0.50), ribeye area and BCS (0.60), and carcass weight and BCS (0.28). Unfavorable correlations existed among ribeye area and intramuscular fat (-0.40), carcass weight and intramuscular fat (-0.23), and intramuscular …
Relationships Among Charolais Sire Expected Progeny Differences And Actual Progeny Performance In Commercial Herds, S.C. Clark, Daniel W. Moser, R.E. Williams
Relationships Among Charolais Sire Expected Progeny Differences And Actual Progeny Performance In Commercial Herds, S.C. Clark, Daniel W. Moser, R.E. Williams
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Data on Charolais-sired calves were analyzed to evaluate progeny performance related to sire expected progeny differences (EPD) in a large data set of commercial crossbred cattle in several herds across the United States. The traits analyzed were birth weight (n=3,554) and weaning weight (n=3,604) of crossbred progeny from nationally evaluated sires. Birth weight EPD and weaning weight EPD were evaluated as predictors of crossbred performance. Random regression coefficients were estimated for progeny birth weight on sire birth weight EPD of 1.03±0.09 lb/lb of birth weight EPD, and for progeny weaning weight, 0.66±0.11 lb/lb of weaning weight EPD. Published sire birth …
Post-Process Steam Pasteurization Of Packaged Frankfurters Combined With Acid/Buffer Treatments For Control Of Listeria Monocytogenes, A.L. Reicks, H. Thippareddi, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner
Post-Process Steam Pasteurization Of Packaged Frankfurters Combined With Acid/Buffer Treatments For Control Of Listeria Monocytogenes, A.L. Reicks, H. Thippareddi, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The efficacy of a saturated steam-based post-process pasteurization system to reduce/ eliminate Listeria monocytogenes on frankfurters was evaluated. Frankfurters were packaged individually or in a single layer format (4 per package, touching). Samples were surface treated with 2% lactic acid, 4% lactic acid, 2% buffered sodium citrate, or 2% buffered sodium lactate, vacuum packaged, and steam pasteurized to end-point surface temperatures of 160, 170 or 180°F using a Townsend Post-Process Pasteurization system (formerly Stork-RMS Protecon). Pasteurization of inoculated single layer franks to surface end point temperature targets of 160, 170, and 180°F resulted in L. monocytogenes reductions (P<0.05) of 0.92, 1.44 and 2.89 log colony forming units (CFU)/frank, respectively. Greater reductions in L. monocytogenes populations were observed for individually packaged frankfurters with 2.32, 4.62 and 6.52 log CFU/frank reductions at target surface end point temperatures of 160, 170, and 180°F, respectively. No differences (P>0.05) were …
Effects Of Castration Age And A Growth Implant During Suckling On Weaning And Preconditioned Weights, T.T. Marston, Donald A. Llewellyn, J.W. Homm, Larry C. Hollis
Effects Of Castration Age And A Growth Implant During Suckling On Weaning And Preconditioned Weights, T.T. Marston, Donald A. Llewellyn, J.W. Homm, Larry C. Hollis
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Crossbred Angus calves (n=141) were used to determine the effect of castration age and implant on weaning and preconditioned weights. Calf treatments consisted of: early castration at 90 days of age with no growth implant, early castration with a growth implant (Synovex C) at 90 days of age, or late castration at weaning (226 days of age). All calves completed a preconditioning program that consisted of timely vaccinations (21 days prior and at weaning) and a 28-day, post-weaning feeding period. Steers that were early castrated/implanted had weaning weights similar to those of bull calves, and both groups weighed 15 lb …
Cattle Feeder Perceptions Of Mandatory Price Reporting, S. Grunewald, C. Ward, Ted C. Schroeder
Cattle Feeder Perceptions Of Mandatory Price Reporting, S. Grunewald, C. Ward, Ted C. Schroeder
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Livestock price reporting mandated by the USDA was designed to increase available price data with the intent of providing producers with information to facilitate price discovery. Has the program been effective at accomplishing this goal? This study determined how cattle feeders, a primary target of the program, feel about mandatory price reporting effectiveness. This study reports results from a survey of cattle feeding companies located primarily in Kansas, Nebraska, Texas, and Iowa. Results indicate a diversity of opinions regarding the effectiveness of mandatory price reporting. On average, producers are neutral to slightly negative regarding the value of mandatory price reporting. …
Investigation Of Tenderness Mechanisms In Calcium-Enhanced Muscle, T.E. Lawrence, J.W. Stephens, E. Obuz, J.R. Davis, Michael E. Dikeman
Investigation Of Tenderness Mechanisms In Calcium-Enhanced Muscle, T.E. Lawrence, J.W. Stephens, E. Obuz, J.R. Davis, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We explored the mechanism(s) of calcium- induced tenderization in calcium-enhanced beef muscle. At 72 hours postmortem, we injected (9% by weight) beef strip loins (n=15) with 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4 M calcium chloride (CaCl2) with and without 0.05 M zinc chloride (ZnCl2), and they were then aged until 15 days postmortem. Warner- Bratzler shear force peak values indicated that addition of ZnCl2 drastically inhibited tenderization; however, enhancement with CaCl2 still tended to reduce shear values (P=0.07; 0.55 kg) when ZnCl2 was present. In the absence of ZnCl2, the 0.2 and 0.4 M CaCl2 treatments were 18.9 and 32.1% …
Comparison Of Breeding System Costs For Estrus-Synchronization Protocols Plus Artificial Insemination Versus Natural Service, Sandra K. Johnson, S.L. Fogleman, R. Jones
Comparison Of Breeding System Costs For Estrus-Synchronization Protocols Plus Artificial Insemination Versus Natural Service, Sandra K. Johnson, S.L. Fogleman, R. Jones
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Breeding system costs were estimated for natural service and various estrous synchronization plus artificial insemination (AI) systems. Cost per pregnancy was lower for natural service than AI; however, for the large herd size the difference was small for some synchronization systems examined. When the value of an AI-sired calf at weaning was included as $25 greater than a natural service sired calf, several synchronization systems had lower breakeven prices than natural service. Assuming skilled labor could be obtained, systems that involved more heat detection time were more profitable than strict timed insemination systems. Producers that can obtain greater returns from …
Comparison Of Concentrated Separator Byproduct And Cane Molasses For Finishing Heifers, E.R. Loe, T.J. Kessen, Sean P. Montgomery, J.N. Pike, J.J. Sindt, M.J. Sulpizio, James S. Drouillard
Comparison Of Concentrated Separator Byproduct And Cane Molasses For Finishing Heifers, E.R. Loe, T.J. Kessen, Sean P. Montgomery, J.N. Pike, J.J. Sindt, M.J. Sulpizio, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We compared concentrated separator byproduct (CSB) to cane molasses on feedlot performance and carcass merit of 394 crossbred yearling beef heifers fed for 148 days. Sugar beet molasses undergoes a process in which approximately half of the sugar is removed, concentrating protein and mineral in CSB. Compared with cane molasses, CSB has more crude protein, ash, and moisture. Two diets based on steam-flaked corn containing either CSB or cane molasses at 5% (dry matter basis) of the diet were fed. Feedlot performance was similar between heifers fed the two diets (P>0.23). Apparent dietary concentrations of net energy for gain …
Ruminal Ammonia Load Does Not Affect Histidine Utilization In Growing Steers, K.C. Candler, M.S. Awawdeh, D.P. Gnad, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Ruminal Ammonia Load Does Not Affect Histidine Utilization In Growing Steers, K.C. Candler, M.S. Awawdeh, D.P. Gnad, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Fermentation of dietary protein in the rumen leads to ammonia absorption, which could impair amino acid utilization in cattle. Our study was conducted to determine the effects of rumen ammonia load on histidine utilization. Six ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (318 lb) housed in metabolism crates were used in a 6 x 6 Latin square design. Treatments were arranged as a 3 x 2 factorial and included: 0, 1.5, or 3 grams/day L-histidine infused abomasally; and 0 or 80 grams/day urea infused ruminally to supply a metabolic ammonia load. As expected, urea infusions increased rumen ammonia and plasma urea concentrations. No …
Influence Of Low-Level Fall Protein Supplementation On Forage Intake, Diet Digestion, And Selection By Beef Steers Grazing Tallgrass-Prairie Range, Donald A. Llewellyn, R.C. Cochran, T.T. Marston, C.G. Farmer, T.A. Wickersham
Influence Of Low-Level Fall Protein Supplementation On Forage Intake, Diet Digestion, And Selection By Beef Steers Grazing Tallgrass-Prairie Range, Donald A. Llewellyn, R.C. Cochran, T.T. Marston, C.G. Farmer, T.A. Wickersham
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
This study evaluated the effect on forage utilization of providing a limited quantity of a high-protein (40% crude protein) supplement to beef cattle grazing tallgrass prairie during the fall. Sixteen ruminally fistulated beef steers were randomly assigned to one of two treatments (fall supplementation or no fall supplementation), which were evaluated for their effect on forage intake and digestion during September and November. Within each treatment, four steers were used for measuring diet selection (by ruminal evacuation) and four were used for determining diet digestion (by total fecal collection). Data from both groups were used to calculate forage intake. Steers …
Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Yearling Steers And Heifers Fed Agrado™ Throughout The Finishing Period, J.J. Sindt, B. Dicke, T.J. Klopfenstein, L. Borck, James S. Drouillard
Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Yearling Steers And Heifers Fed Agrado™ Throughout The Finishing Period, J.J. Sindt, B. Dicke, T.J. Klopfenstein, L. Borck, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A finishing experiment was conducted at a commercial feedlot facility in Larned, Kansas, using 3,295 yearling steers and heifers to evaluate effects of Agrado™ addition to finishing diets. Agrado (ethoxyquin) is a dietary anti-oxidant that protects against oxidative loss of critical vitamins and prevents rancidity and unpalatable odors. Supplementing finishing diets of yearling steers and heifers with 150 ppm Agrado had no measurable effects on growth performance or carcass characteristics.
Effect Of Melengestrol Acetate (Mga) On Cultured Bovine Muscle Satellite Cell Proliferation And Differentiation, E.K. Sissom, J.P. Kayser, A.T. Waylan, J.D. Dunn, B.J. Johnson
Effect Of Melengestrol Acetate (Mga) On Cultured Bovine Muscle Satellite Cell Proliferation And Differentiation, E.K. Sissom, J.P. Kayser, A.T. Waylan, J.D. Dunn, B.J. Johnson
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Melengestrol acetate (MGA) increases growth rate and inhibits estrus in feedlot heifers. Little is known of MGA's effect on skeletal muscle growth and differentiation. The purpose of this trial was to investigate the potential direct effects of MGA on cultured bovine muscle satellite cell proliferation and differentiation. Satellite cells isolated from yearling cattle were used to assess the effect of MGA in a dose titration (0, 1 nM, 10 nM, 100 nM, 1 μM, 10 μM, and 100 μM) study on [3H]-thymidine incorporation. Likewise, satellite cell cultures were allowed to differentiate, and nuclei were stained at 168 hours to determine …
Forage Production From Tallgrass Prairie Burned Annually In Autumn, Winter, Or Spring, E.G. Towne
Forage Production From Tallgrass Prairie Burned Annually In Autumn, Winter, Or Spring, E.G. Towne
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Aboveground biomass production was measured on upland and lowland prairie in replicated, ungrazed watersheds at the Konza Prairie Biological Station (Manhattan, KS) that were burned annually for seven years in either autumn (November), winter (February), or spring (April). Average grass and forb biomass did not significantly differ among burn seasons on either topographic site, although production fluctuated considerably over years. Results of this study contrast with many of the conventional views of how tallgrass prairie vegetation responds to seasonal fire.
Inhibition Of Heterocyclic Amine Formation In Beef Patties With Added Spices And Ingredients, S. Hinojosa Verdin, K.A. Hachmeister, J. Scott Smith
Inhibition Of Heterocyclic Amine Formation In Beef Patties With Added Spices And Ingredients, S. Hinojosa Verdin, K.A. Hachmeister, J. Scott Smith
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are compounds present at part per billion levels in fried, grilled, broiled, barbecued and smoked meats. Most of these compounds are highly mutagenic, as demonstrated by the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium. They also are carcinogenic in rodents and non-human primates following high dosage and long term oral administration. For decades, researchers have focused on inhibiting the production of these carcinogens. This research investigates the effects of natural antioxidants in spices or other ingredients on the reduction of heterocyclic amines formation when beef patties are cooked. The term "spice" in this paper includes herbs. Ground beef patties …
Estimates Of Parameters Between Direct And Maternal Genetic Effects For Weaning Weight And Genetic Effects For Carcass Traits In Crossbred Cattle, R.K. Splan, L.V. Cundiff, L.D. Van Vleck, Michael E. Dikeman
Estimates Of Parameters Between Direct And Maternal Genetic Effects For Weaning Weight And Genetic Effects For Carcass Traits In Crossbred Cattle, R.K. Splan, L.V. Cundiff, L.D. Van Vleck, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Estimates of heritabilities and genetic correlations were obtained from weaning weight records of 23,681 crossbred steers and heifers, and carcass data of 4,094 crossbred steers using REML applied to animal models. Direct and maternal heritabilities for weaning weight were 0.14 and 0.19, respectively. The genetic correlation between direct and maternal weaning weight was negative (-0.18). Heritabilities for carcass traits of steers were moderate to large (0.34 to 0.60). Genetic correlations between direct genetic effects for weaning weight and carcass traits were small, except with hot carcass weight (0.70), ribeye area (0.29) and adjusted fat thickness (0.26). Genetic correlations of maternal …
Changes In Fed Cattle Marketing Methods: Survey Results, C. Ward, J. Lawrence, D. Feuz, Ted C. Schroeder
Changes In Fed Cattle Marketing Methods: Survey Results, C. Ward, J. Lawrence, D. Feuz, Ted C. Schroeder
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Significant changes in fed cattle marketing methods have occurred over time. This report summarizes a survey conducted to determine current and intended marketing practices of cattle feeders. Use of marketing agreements has increased over time. In 1996, 23% of cattle fed by survey respondents were sold under some type of marketing agreement. This increased to 52% in 2001 and was expected to increase to 65% by 2006. Use by cattle feeders of cash live and carcass weight pricing is expected to decline, and grid pricing is expected to increase substantially over time. The percentage of cattle that survey respondents marketed …
Flavor Characterization Of Top Blade, Top Sirloin, And Tenderloin Steaks From A- And B-Maturity Carcasses Of High And Normal Ph, E.J. Yancey, Michael E. Dikeman, K.A. Hachmeister, Edgar Chambers Iv, George A. Milliken, E. Westcott
Flavor Characterization Of Top Blade, Top Sirloin, And Tenderloin Steaks From A- And B-Maturity Carcasses Of High And Normal Ph, E.J. Yancey, Michael E. Dikeman, K.A. Hachmeister, Edgar Chambers Iv, George A. Milliken, E. Westcott
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The infraspinatus muscle (top blade steak) from the chuck clod, the gluteus medius muscle (top sirloin steak) from the sirloin, and the psoas major muscle (tenderloin steak) from the loin were obtained from A- and B-maturity carcasses with either low-Slight or Small marbling and with either normal ultimate pH (5.7 or less) or high pH (6.0 or higher) to evaluate flavor profile characteristics. Muscles were aged for 7, 14, 21, and 35 days. A highly trained flavor-profile sensory panel evaluated charbroiled steaks from these muscles. Muscles from high pH (dark cutting) carcasses had less typical beef flavor identity and less …
Effects Of Unsaturated Fatty Acids, Lipid Oxidation, Myoglobin, And Hemoglobin On Livery Flavor Volatiles In Beef Steaks, E.J. Yancey, Michael E. Dikeman, J. Scott Smith, K.A. Hachmeister, Edgar Chambers Iv, P. Gadgil, George A. Milliken, E. Dressler
Effects Of Unsaturated Fatty Acids, Lipid Oxidation, Myoglobin, And Hemoglobin On Livery Flavor Volatiles In Beef Steaks, E.J. Yancey, Michael E. Dikeman, J. Scott Smith, K.A. Hachmeister, Edgar Chambers Iv, P. Gadgil, George A. Milliken, E. Dressler
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Infraspinatus (top blade), gluteus medius (top sirloin), and psoas major (tenderloin) steaks were obtained from A- and B-maturity carcasses that had either a high (≥6.0) or normal (≤ 5.7) pH, and either slight or small marbling. The steaks were vacuum aged until either 7, 14, 21, or 35 days postmortem. The steaks were broiled and served to a highly trained flavor-profile sensory panel. Steaks with livery flavor were subjected to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses for flavor compounds. Steaks aged until 7 or 35 days postmortem were analyzed for the 2- thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content to determine lipid oxidation …
Efficacy Of Buffered Sodium Citrate Alone And In Combination With Sodium Diacetate Against Listeria Monocytogenes On Beef Franks, E. Ceylan, M. Hajmeer, James L. Marsden
Efficacy Of Buffered Sodium Citrate Alone And In Combination With Sodium Diacetate Against Listeria Monocytogenes On Beef Franks, E. Ceylan, M. Hajmeer, James L. Marsden
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We assessed the antimicrobial efficacy of buffered sodium citrate alone and in combination with sodium diacetate against L. monoyctogenes on beef frank samples stored at 39°F. Initial inoculum level of L. monocytogenes was 1.5 log colony forming units (CFU)/cm2. After 6 weeks of incubation at 39°F, the pathogen reached 5.4 log CFU/cm2 in the control sample, but was 1.2 log CFU/cm2 and 0.85 log CFU/cm2 in samples treated with 1% buffered sodium citrate alone and in combination with 0.1% sodium diacetate, respectively. Use of buffered sodium citrate and the combination of buffered sodium citrate and sodium diacetate should improve safety …
Evaluation Of Consumer Reheating Methods For Destruction Of Listeria Monocytogenes In Frankfurters, M.T. Ortega, H. Thippareddi, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner
Evaluation Of Consumer Reheating Methods For Destruction Of Listeria Monocytogenes In Frankfurters, M.T. Ortega, H. Thippareddi, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service has issued a "zero tolerance" for Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat meat and poultry products. The Food Safety and Inspection Service recommends that consumers "Reheat [hotdogs] until steaming" to reduce the risk of listeriosis. We evaluated L. monocytogenes survival on inoculated frankfurters after reheating using common, in-home consumer practices. Frankfurters were inoculated with a six-strain mixture of L. monocytogenes to an initial level of approximately 107 colony forming units (CFU)/gram. Eight inoculated franks for each treatment were cooked using boiling water, a conventional electric oven, or a microwave oven. L. monocytogenes recovery was calculated …
Relationships Between Live Animal Ultrasound Predicted Intramuscular Fat And Shear Force In Fed Cattle, L.D. Keenan, Daniel W. Moser, D.R. Eborn, T.T. Marston
Relationships Between Live Animal Ultrasound Predicted Intramuscular Fat And Shear Force In Fed Cattle, L.D. Keenan, Daniel W. Moser, D.R. Eborn, T.T. Marston
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Approximately 280 Simmental- and Hereford- sired feedlot steers were ultrasonically evaluated for intramuscular fat deposition using CPEC and Critical Vision, Inc. (CVI) ultrasound systems. Warner-Bratzler shear force measurements were taken on steaks from the 13th rib region. Differences between CPEC and CVI ultrasound and actual marbling measurements were corrected for bias and identified as CPEC deviation and CVI deviation. Correlation coefficients and linear models were used to determine if shear force values were associated with amount of intramuscular fat predicted by the ultrasound systems. Correlation coefficients of CPEC deviation and CVI deviation with shear force were 0.18 and 0.15, respectively. …
Timed Artificial Insemination In Yearling Beef Heifers: 7-11 Cosynch Vs. Cosynch, A.W. Thompson, C.D. Holladay, D.R. Eborn, David M. Grieger
Timed Artificial Insemination In Yearling Beef Heifers: 7-11 Cosynch Vs. Cosynch, A.W. Thompson, C.D. Holladay, D.R. Eborn, David M. Grieger
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Previous research demonstrated that an estrus-synchronization program using a short period of melengestrol acetate (MGA) feeding in conjunction with a Cosynch protocol was effective in synchronizing estrus in postpartum beef cows. The objective of our study was to test this synchronization protocol (7-11 Cosynch) in yearling beef heifers in comparison to a Cosynch protocol. Fifty-eight commercial beef replacement heifers were assigned randomly to two protocols: Cosynch (n=29) and 7-11 Cosynch (n=29). Beginning on day 1, heifers in the 7-11 Cosynch protocol were fed MGA (0.5 mg/heifer daily) for 7 days. On day 7, the last day of MGA feeding, the …
Evaluation Of Mechanical Probes Used On Uncooked Steaks To Classify Beef Longissimus Tenderness, J.W. Stephens, Melvin C. Hunt, T.E. Lawrence, T.M. Loughin, John A. Unruh, Michael E. Dikeman
Evaluation Of Mechanical Probes Used On Uncooked Steaks To Classify Beef Longissimus Tenderness, J.W. Stephens, Melvin C. Hunt, T.E. Lawrence, T.M. Loughin, John A. Unruh, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We pooled the mechanical probe data from two experiments to develop regression equations to predict beef longissimus tenderness. Fifty-three USDA Select strip loins were evaluated at 2 days postmortem with three mechanical probes to predict trained sensory panel (TSP) tenderness and Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) of cooked steaks aged 14 days. The sharp needle, sharp blade, and plumb bob probes were correlated to TSP tenderness (r=-0.51, -0.45, and -0.35, respectively)and WBSF (r=0.56, 0.53, and 0.36, respectively). Regression equations developed from sharp needle, sharp blade, and plumb bob probe measurements and L* (lightness) values accounted for 49, 50, and 47% of …
Rate Of Bloom Of Beef Longissimus Lumborum: Effects Of Muscle Temperature, Age, And Oxygen Exposure Time, C.M. Trater, Melvin C. Hunt
Rate Of Bloom Of Beef Longissimus Lumborum: Effects Of Muscle Temperature, Age, And Oxygen Exposure Time, C.M. Trater, Melvin C. Hunt
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Steaks from 12 loins were used to determine the best time and temperature combinations for blooming (development of a bright-red color) of the longissimus muscle at 2, 14, and 26 days postmortem. The lowest temperature (28°F) provided the fastest rate of bloom when the muscle was 2 days postmortem, and 30 minutes were needed to achieve 75% of final bloom color. For meat 14 days old, greater bloom occurred at 35 and 40°F than at 28°F. For meat 26 days old, rate of bloom was equal at all three temperatures. Thus, packers should bloom carcasses one-half hour at 28°F before …
Antimicrobial Effect Of Buffered Sodium Citrate, Alone Or Combined With Sodium Diacetate, On Total Aerobic Count Of Ground Beef Stored At 39°F, E. Ceylan, James L. Marsden
Antimicrobial Effect Of Buffered Sodium Citrate, Alone Or Combined With Sodium Diacetate, On Total Aerobic Count Of Ground Beef Stored At 39°F, E. Ceylan, James L. Marsden
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We studied the antimicrobial efficacy of buffered sodium citrate and a combination of buffered sodium citrate and sodium diacetate on natural aerobic microflora of ground beef stored at 39°F. For non-treated control and 1% buffered sodium citrate, total aerobic count gradually increased from 4.2 log colony forming units (CFU)/gram initially to 9.0 and 8.7 log CFU/gram, respectively, after 10 days. Both treatments reached the spoilage index number of 7.0 log CFU/gram after 5 days. A combination of 1% buffered sodium citrate and 0.1% sodium diacetate resulted in a total aerobic count of 5.9 log CFU/gram (below the spoilage index) after …
Energy Supplementation Of Steers Grazing Early-Season, Native Range: Effects On Grazing And Subsequent Finishing Performance And Carcass Merit, Sean P. Montgomery, R.L. Packard, J.C. Forcherio, R.R. Scott, Dale A. Blasi
Energy Supplementation Of Steers Grazing Early-Season, Native Range: Effects On Grazing And Subsequent Finishing Performance And Carcass Merit, Sean P. Montgomery, R.L. Packard, J.C. Forcherio, R.R. Scott, Dale A. Blasi
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Crossbred beef steers (n = 328, initially 495 lb) were used to determine the effects of energy supplementation on grazing and subsequent finishing performance of steers grazing early-season, native range. Treatments consisted of either no supplemental energy or access to feeders containing a free choice, grain-based energy supplement. On the first day of the grazing period, steers were weighed and randomly allotted among eight pastures, providing four replications per treatment. Stocking density was 34% higher for supplemented than for unsupplemented pastures. At the end of the grazing period, steers were transported to a commercial feedlot and allowed ad libitum access …
Effect Of Feeding Conventional Or High-Moisture, Steam-Flaked Corn To Finishing Heifers, J.J. Sindt, T.J. Kessen, M.J. Sulpizio, E.R. Loe, Sean P. Montgomery, James S. Drouillard
Effect Of Feeding Conventional Or High-Moisture, Steam-Flaked Corn To Finishing Heifers, J.J. Sindt, T.J. Kessen, M.J. Sulpizio, E.R. Loe, Sean P. Montgomery, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Finishing heifers were fed diets containing either conventional (18% moisture) or high-moisture (36% moisture) steam-flaked corn. Increasing moisture concentration in flakes increased starch availability (P<0.01), but feeding heifers high-moisture flakes decreased (P<0.05) dry matter intake and average daily gain compared to heifers fed conventional flakes. Feeding heifers high-moisture flakes also numerically reduced hot carcass weight and ribeye area, but caused (P<0.01) heifers to deposit more fat over their 12th rib. Extreme levels of moisture in flaked corn improve starch availability but do not appear to increase heifer performance or carcass value. The interaction between moisture and flake density needs further evaluation.
Effect Of Full-Fat Corn Germ And Vitamin E On Finishing Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Beef Heifers, Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, M.A. Greenquist, E.J. Good, E.R. Loe, M.J. Sulpizio, T.J. Kessen, James S. Drouillard, Brandon E. Depenbusch
Effect Of Full-Fat Corn Germ And Vitamin E On Finishing Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Beef Heifers, Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, M.A. Greenquist, E.J. Good, E.R. Loe, M.J. Sulpizio, T.J. Kessen, James S. Drouillard, Brandon E. Depenbusch
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Eight hundred eighty-eight crossbred beef heifers weighing 837 lb were used in a 105- day finishing study to evaluate full-fat corn germ as a lipid source and added vitamin E in finishing diets containing steam-flaked corn. Treatments were arranged in a 2 x 4 factorial and consisted of finishing diets formulated to provide no added fat (Control), 4% tallow (Tallow), or 10% or 15% full fat corn germ on a dry matter basis (10%FFG and 15%FFG, respectively) with or without 2000 IU of additional vitamin E per heifer daily. No fat x vitamin E interaction was detected. Fat addition decreased …
Comparison Of Dried Full-Fat Corn Germ And Tallow In Finishing Feedlot Diets For Heifers, M.J. Sulpizio, T.J. Kessen, E.R. Loe, Sean P. Montgomery, J.N. Pike, J.J. Sindt, R.T. Ethington, James S. Drouillard
Comparison Of Dried Full-Fat Corn Germ And Tallow In Finishing Feedlot Diets For Heifers, M.J. Sulpizio, T.J. Kessen, E.R. Loe, Sean P. Montgomery, J.N. Pike, J.J. Sindt, R.T. Ethington, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A trial was conducted using 588 finishing beef heifers (705 lb initially) to compare tallow and dried full-fat corn germ as supplemental energy sources. Pens of 20 to 50 heifers were fed finishing diets containing 1) tallow or 2) corn germ. The tallow diet contained (dry basis) 46% steam-flaked corn, 35% wet corn gluten feed, 3% alfalfa hay, 1.5% soybean meal, and 4% tallow. The corn germ diet contained 41% steam-flaked corn, 35% wet corn gluten feed, 3% alfalfa hay, and 10% corn germ. Diets provided 300 mg monensin, 90 mg tylosin, and 0.5 mg MGA per heifer daily and …
Effects Of Flax Supplementation And A Revalor-S Implant On Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (Igf-1) And Muscle Igf-1 Mrna Levels In Finishing Cattle, J.D. Dunn, J.P. Kayser, A.T. Waylan, E.K. Sissom, B.J. Johnson, James S. Drouillard
Effects Of Flax Supplementation And A Revalor-S Implant On Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (Igf-1) And Muscle Igf-1 Mrna Levels In Finishing Cattle, J.D. Dunn, J.P. Kayser, A.T. Waylan, E.K. Sissom, B.J. Johnson, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Sixteen crossbred steers weighing 875 lb were used to evaluate the effects of a 5% ground flaxseed supplement and a combined trenbolone acetate/estradiol (TBA/E2) growth promoting implant, Revalor-S®, on both circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and local muscle IGF-1 mRNA concentrations. Steers were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: . 1) Flax/Implant, 2) No Flax/ Implant, 3) Flax/No Implant, 4) No Flax/No Implant. Serum was harvested from blood collected via jugular venipuncture on day 0 (before implantation or flax addition), 14, and 28. Muscle biopsy samples were obtained from the longissimus muscle on days 0, 14, and 28. Implanted …