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Relationships Among Beef Carcass Quality And Cutability Indicators, T.E. Lawrence, D.A. King, T.H. Montgomery, Michael E. Dikeman
Relationships Among Beef Carcass Quality And Cutability Indicators, T.E. Lawrence, D.A. King, T.H. Montgomery, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We evaluated beef carcass data (12th rib fat thickness, hot carcass weight, ribeye area, percentage of kidney-pelvic-heart fat, USDA yield grade, and USDA quality grade) from 60,625 A-maturity steer and heifer carcasses. Data were analyzed to evaluate changes in quality grade with increasing fat thickness, changes in cutability indicators across quality grades, and the association of hot carcass weight with ribeye area. Percentage of USDA Standard and Select carcasses decreased, while Low Choice and Premium Choice increased as fat thickness increased. Percentage of Low Choice remained steady for fat thickness of 0.56 - 0.60 in. and higher. Percentage of yield …
Carcass Merit Project: Development Of Epds And Genetic Marker Validation, E.J. Pollak, R.D. Green, J. Taylor, S. Davis, T. Holm, S. Koontz, C. Gill, Daniel W. Moser, E.A. Westcott, Michael E. Dikeman
Carcass Merit Project: Development Of Epds And Genetic Marker Validation, E.J. Pollak, R.D. Green, J. Taylor, S. Davis, T. Holm, S. Koontz, C. Gill, Daniel W. Moser, E.A. Westcott, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Carcass and Warner-Bratzler shear force data on strip loin steaks have been obtained on over 4,200 cattle from contemporary progeny groups from the most widely used sires in 15 beef cattle breed associations (16 breeds). Trained sensory panel evaluations have been conducted on over 1,500 strip loin steaks from a sample of contemporary progeny groups from sires included in the QTL (quantitative trait loci) validation component of the project. One breed association has published Warner-Bratzler shear force Expected Progeny Differences (EPDs) for 57 sires of two breeds. DNA analyses and screening have been completed for 11 QTL on eight sires …
The Effects Of Quality Grade, Postmortem Aging, And Blade Tenderization On Warner-Bratzler Shear Force And Cookery Traits Of Biceps Femoris Steaks, B.S. Andrews, John A. Unruh
The Effects Of Quality Grade, Postmortem Aging, And Blade Tenderization On Warner-Bratzler Shear Force And Cookery Traits Of Biceps Femoris Steaks, B.S. Andrews, John A. Unruh
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We used 108 top sirloin butts to determine the influence of quality grades, postmortem aging periods, and blade tenderization passes on percentages of thawing and cooking losses and Warner-Bratzler shear (WBS) force of biceps femoris muscles. Top sirloin butts that qualified for either USDA Select (SEL, n=36), USDA Choice (CHO, n=36), or Certified Angus Beef™ Program (CAB, n=36), were aged for 14 or 21 days and blade tenderized zero (0X), one (1X), or two (2X) times. Steaks with higher quality grades (CHO and CAB) aged for 21 days had lower thawing losses than steaks aged 14 days and than SEL …
Improving Color Stability Of Beef Top Round, L.M. Sammel, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf
Improving Color Stability Of Beef Top Round, L.M. Sammel, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The beef inside round muscle, especially the deep portion, has poor color stability, a troublesome condition for the meat industry. We examined influences of pre-rigor temperature and pH decline on chemistry of the inside (deep) semimembranosus (ISM) and outside (surface) semimembranosus (OSM) in relation to initial color and stability. Cold-boned ISM had a slower chill rate; faster pH decline; more denatured protein; less metmyoglobin reducing ability, oxygen consumption, and water holding capacity; and a lighter, less stable color than the OSM. Cold-boned steaks were two-toned in color and discolored by day 3 of display. Hotboned ISM and OSM chilled at …
Rumensin®-Tylan® Combinations In Limit-Fed Growing Diets: Effects On Growing And Finishing Performance And Carcass Characteristics, Sean P. Montgomery, T.B. Farran, J.J. Sindt, C.M. Coetzer, J.N. Pike, A.M. Trater, H.J. Labrune, R.D. Hunter, S.B. Laudert, James S. Drouillard
Rumensin®-Tylan® Combinations In Limit-Fed Growing Diets: Effects On Growing And Finishing Performance And Carcass Characteristics, Sean P. Montgomery, T.B. Farran, J.J. Sindt, C.M. Coetzer, J.N. Pike, A.M. Trater, H.J. Labrune, R.D. Hunter, S.B. Laudert, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Five hundred seventy-two crossbred beef heifers were used to compare gain and feed efficiency of cattle consuming restricted quantities of energy-dense growing diets containing varying concentrations of Rumensin® and Tylan®. Growing treatments consisted of providing Rumensin at 30 grams per ton of dry matter (R30), or 250 mg per head per day (R250). A third treatment consisted of a Rumensin/Tylan combination, providing 250 and 90 mg per head per day of Rumensin and Tylan, respectively (R250/T90). Average daily gain and feed efficiency during the growing phase were not different (P>0.90) among treatments. Heifers that received R250/T90 during the growing …
Soybean Hulls And Alfalfa For Limit-Fed Cattle, A.M. Trater, C.A. Löest, B.D. Lambert, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Soybean Hulls And Alfalfa For Limit-Fed Cattle, A.M. Trater, C.A. Löest, B.D. Lambert, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We evaluated the optimal level of alfalfa inclusion in limit-fed, soybean hull-based diets. Steers were fed soybean hull-based diets containing 0 to 30% alfalfa or alfalfa alone. Feed intakes were lower for alfalfa than for soybean hull-based diets. Digestibilities of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber were lower (P<0.05) for alfalfa than for diets containing soybean hulls. Dry matter and neutral detergent fiber digestibilities were similar for different levels of alfalfa in diets containing soybean hulls, although there were positive associative effects between soybean hulls and alfalfa. Rates of liquid passage from the rumen were higher for alfalfa than for soybean hull-containing diets, and increased as alfalfa was added to the soybean hull diets. Solid passage rates also increased with increasing amounts of alfalfa in soybean hull-containing diets. Adding 30% alfalfa to primarily soybean hull diets led to positive associative effects on diet digestibility, but alfalfa additions increased liquid and solid passage rates, suggesting that the benefit was not a result of slower passage of soybean hulls from the rumen.
Effects Of Wet Corn Gluten Feed And Intake Level On Diet Digestibility And Rumen Passage Rate In Steers, Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, T.B. Farran, N.J. Pike, C.M. Coetzer, A.M. Trater, James J. Higgins, James S. Drouillard, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Effects Of Wet Corn Gluten Feed And Intake Level On Diet Digestibility And Rumen Passage Rate In Steers, Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, T.B. Farran, N.J. Pike, C.M. Coetzer, A.M. Trater, James J. Higgins, James S. Drouillard, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Including 40% wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) in the diet increased total tract digestion of organic matter and neutral detergent fiber (P<0.01), reduced total volatile fatty acid concentration (P<0.01), increased rumen NH3 concentration (P<0.01), increased rumen pH, and tended (P<0.06) to increase total tract digestion of starch. Furthermore, WCGF increased rumen passage rate of solid digesta (P<0.01) compared to diets containing no WCGF. Limit feeding reduced total tract digestion of organic matter and neutral detergent fiber (P<0.01), decreased total volatile fatty acid concentration (P<0.01), increased rumen NH3 concentration (P<.01), increased rumen pH at 0 and 12 hours after feeding, reduced rumen pH at 4 hours after feeding, and increased rumen liquid passage rate (P<0.02).
Factors Affecting Beef Demand, J. Mintert, Ted C. Schroeder, T. Marsh
Factors Affecting Beef Demand, J. Mintert, Ted C. Schroeder, T. Marsh
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We investigated factors that have affected beef demand over the last two decades. Beef demand is typically modeled as a function of beef prices, competing meat prices, prices of all other goods, and consumer expenditures. Our comprehensive model also investigated the impact on beef demand of food safety issues, health concerns, and changes in consumer lifestyle and demographics. Results from this analysis help explain changes in beef demand that occurred during the 1980s and 1990s. First, consumer concerns about food safety, as measured by increases in beef recalls, had a negative impact on beef demand over the last two decades. …
Timed-Insemination Of Beef Heifers Using Cosynch With Or Without Mga, T.A. Wickersham, R.C. Cochran, David M. Grieger
Timed-Insemination Of Beef Heifers Using Cosynch With Or Without Mga, T.A. Wickersham, R.C. Cochran, David M. Grieger
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Our purpose was to determine if feeding melengesterol acetate (MGA) for 1 week in combination with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and prostaglandin-F2" (PGF) would better synchronize heifers for timed artificial insemination. Sixty-nine yearling beef heifers received an injection of GnRH 7 days before receiving an injection of PGF. Half of the heifers were fed MGA between the GnRH and PGF injections (Cosynch+MGA), whereas the remaining heifers were not (Cosynch). All heifers were given a second GnRH injection 2 days after PGF and inseminated at that time. Pregnancy rate for the Cosynch group (43%) was greater (P<0.05) than that for the Cosynch+MGA group (15%). This experiment suggests that short-term feeding (7 days) of MGA in concert with a Cosynch protocol was detrimental to fertility in beef heifers.
Resynchronization Of Estrus With Progesterone And Estrogen In Previously Inseminated Beef Cows, M.A. Medina-Britos, A.M. Richardson, G.C. Lamb, B.A. Hensley, T.J. Marple, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, Sandra K. Johnson
Resynchronization Of Estrus With Progesterone And Estrogen In Previously Inseminated Beef Cows, M.A. Medina-Britos, A.M. Richardson, G.C. Lamb, B.A. Hensley, T.J. Marple, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, Sandra K. Johnson
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A study was conducted in 609 beef cows to determine whether or not estrus might be resynchronized in previously inseminated beef cows to accommodate a second artificial insemination (AI) early in the breeding season. Previously inseminated cows were treated for 7 days with progesterone (via a previously used intravaginal progesterone-releasing insert [CIDR]) beginning 13 days after AI. In addition, injections of estrogen (estradiol benzoate [EB] or estradiol cypionate [ECP]) were given at insertion and removal of the CIDR insert. Rates of return to estrus and total pregnancy rates were increased after treatments with progesterone and estrogen compared with controls. No …
Branched-Chain Amino Acids For Growing Cattle Limit-Fed Diets Based On Soybean Hulls, C.A. Löest, B.D. Lambert, A.M. Trater, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Branched-Chain Amino Acids For Growing Cattle Limit-Fed Diets Based On Soybean Hulls, C.A. Löest, B.D. Lambert, A.M. Trater, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
This study evaluated the effects of branched-chain amino acids on nitrogen retention and plasma branched-chain amino acid concentrations. Five ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (387 lb) were used in a 5 x 5 Latin square. Steers were limit-fed soybean hull-based diets twice daily (7.5 lb/day, as fed basis). Energy in the form of acetate (400 grams/day) was continuously infused into the rumen. Treatments were continuous abomasal infusions of 1) 115 grams/day of a mixture of 10 amino acids, 2) 10 amino acid mix with leucine removed, 3) 10 amino acid mix with isoleucine removed, 4) 10 amino acid mix with valine …
Tenderness And Cooking Characteristics Of Beef Cooked By Electric Belt Grill, Forced-Air Convection Oven, Or Electric Broiler, T.E. Lawrence, D.A. King, E. Obuz, E.J. Yancey, Michael E. Dikeman
Tenderness And Cooking Characteristics Of Beef Cooked By Electric Belt Grill, Forced-Air Convection Oven, Or Electric Broiler, T.E. Lawrence, D.A. King, E. Obuz, E.J. Yancey, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We used an electric belt grill, a forced-air convection oven, and an electric broiler to cook 170 bottom round, 142 brisket, 177 top sirloin, 176 strip loin, and 136 eye of round steaks from USDA Select carcasses to determine the effects of cooking method and muscle on shear force values, cooking traits, and repeatability of duplicate measurements. All cooking treatments allowed differences to be detected (P<0.05) in Warner-Bratzler shear force, although the differences were inconsistent. Shear force values of strip steaks and eye of round steaks were similar across cooking treatments; however, shear force values of bottom round, brisket, and top sirloin steaks were different (P<0.05) among cooking treatments. Based on poor repeatability, shear force values for top sirloin steaks appear unreliable. Poor repeatability for shear force values from steaks cooked by the forced-air convection oven are a result of drastic temperature changes that occur when the doors are opened to remove steaks. We do not recommend using a forced-air convection oven to test treatment effects on shear force values when cooking multiple steaks simultaneously. Belt grill cooking resulted in the highest shear force repeatability R = 0.07 to 0.89) of strip steaks. Electric broiling resulted in acceptable R = 0.60) repeatability of shear force measurements for all classes of steaks. The electric broiler and electric belt grill are both satisfactory cooking methods when measuring shear force of bottom round, brisket, strip loin, and eye of round steaks.
Temperature Accuracy Of An Electric Belt Grill, A Forced-Air Convection Oven, And An Electric Broiler, T.E. Lawrence, D.A. King, Michael E. Dikeman
Temperature Accuracy Of An Electric Belt Grill, A Forced-Air Convection Oven, And An Electric Broiler, T.E. Lawrence, D.A. King, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We evaluated the temperature variation of an electric belt grill set at four temperatures, a forced-air convection oven set at three temperatures, and an electric broiler that has no temperature control. After finding that the actual temperatures of the electric belt grill and the forced-air convection oven were higher than the targeted temperature, we used regression techniques to correct for the temperature biases of both cooking methods. The forced-air convection oven was very precise when the doors were kept closed, as was the electric belt grill after adjustments were made. Temperature of the electric broiler was not consistent across surface …
Genetic Relationships Among Breeding Soundness Traits In Yearling Bulls, R.A. Christmas, M.F. Spire, J.M. Sargeant, Sharon K. Tucker, Daniel W. Moser
Genetic Relationships Among Breeding Soundness Traits In Yearling Bulls, R.A. Christmas, M.F. Spire, J.M. Sargeant, Sharon K. Tucker, Daniel W. Moser
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Breeding soundness examination data on over 1,200 yearling Angus bulls were analyzed to determine heritability of and genetic relationships among breeding soundness traits. Breeding soundness exam procedures were consistent with those currently recommended by the Society of Theriogenology. Presence of seminal white blood cells (an indicator of seminal vesiculitis), penile warts and persistent frenulums were noted and recorded. Data were adjusted for age at measurement and contemporary group effects. Heritability was high for scrotal circumference, moderate for percentage of abnormalities, low for sperm motility, and near zero for semen white blood cells, persistent frenulum, and penile warts. Genetic correlations between …
Carcass Merit Traits: Development Of Epds For Warner-Bratzler Shear Force And Dna Marker Validation, E.J. Pollak, R.J. Lipsey, E.A. Westcott, Michael E. Dikeman, Sally L. Stroda
Carcass Merit Traits: Development Of Epds For Warner-Bratzler Shear Force And Dna Marker Validation, E.J. Pollak, R.J. Lipsey, E.A. Westcott, Michael E. Dikeman, Sally L. Stroda
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Warner-Bratzler shear force data on strip loin steaks were obtained on 761 steers from contemporary groups of progeny from the most popular 38 Simmental sires, and 133 steers from nine Simbrah sires. The range for Warner-Bratzler shear force EPDs for the Simmental sires was from -0.51 lb (more tender) to +0.48 lb (less tender). The range in EPDs for the Simbrah sires was from -0.73 to +0.73 lb. In addition, DNA analyses and screening have been completed for 11 quantitative trait loci on several Simmental and Simbrah sires. Information from this project should allow cattle producers to improve carcass traits, …
Short-Term Feeding Of Mga To Postpartum Cows Prior To The Breeding Season, J.F. Gleghorn, T.T. Marston, L.E. Wankel
Short-Term Feeding Of Mga To Postpartum Cows Prior To The Breeding Season, J.F. Gleghorn, T.T. Marston, L.E. Wankel
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A protocol to make anestrous cows more likely to cycle prior to estrous synchronization would greatly enhance reproductive efficiency. Ease of application, availability, and low cost make feeding melengestrol acetate (MGA) a good choice in such a protocol. MGA, used as a progestin "primer," has no detrimental effects on cows that are already cycling and reduces the number of cows expressing short cycles.
Influences Of Aging On Tenderness And Color Of Beef Steaks, R.R. Timm, K.A. Hachmeister, L.M. Sammel, A.E. Rasor, John A. Unruh, Sally L. Stroda
Influences Of Aging On Tenderness And Color Of Beef Steaks, R.R. Timm, K.A. Hachmeister, L.M. Sammel, A.E. Rasor, John A. Unruh, Sally L. Stroda
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Aging loin strip, bottom, and eye of round steaks for 21 days decreased Warner- Bratzler Shear (WBS) values (increased tenderness). For the top round, aged semimembranosus muscle steaks tended to have lower WBS values (more tender) than nonaged steaks, while aged adductor steaks were similar to non-aged steaks. Furthermore, instrumental L* color values were higher (lighter) for aged strip and eye of round steaks than non-aged steaks, and instrumental a* color values were higher (redder) for aged bottom round, eye of round, and top round (semimembranosus) steaks than nonaged steaks. Aging steaks is effective for improving tenderness and color of …
Effects Of Vascular Infusion With A Solution Of Sugars, Sodium Chloride, And Phosphates Plus Vitamins C, E, Or C+E On Display Color, E.J. Yancey, Melvin C. Hunt, P.B. Addis, E. Katsanidis, Michael E. Dikeman
Effects Of Vascular Infusion With A Solution Of Sugars, Sodium Chloride, And Phosphates Plus Vitamins C, E, Or C+E On Display Color, E.J. Yancey, Melvin C. Hunt, P.B. Addis, E. Katsanidis, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Three groups of 12 (n=36) grain-finished, crossbred Charolais steers were humanely slaughtered, and nine in each group were infused via the carotid artery with an aqueous solution of sugars, sodium chloride, and phosphates plus either vitamin C, E, or C plus E. Three in each group served as noninfused controls. Vascular infusion improved redness of longissimus thoracis (ribeye) muscles at 24 hours postmortem, but had little effect on display color stability for steaks. Vascular infusion with the solutions containing vitamin E improved color panel visual evaluations of ground beef at 4 days simulated retail display.
Evaluation Of Southwestern Kansas Native Grasses, T.T. Marston, D.O. Yauk
Evaluation Of Southwestern Kansas Native Grasses, T.T. Marston, D.O. Yauk
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Native grass samples were collected monthly for five years and analyzed for nutrient content. Crude protein and ADF content indicate that grass quality is highest in May and June, then steadily declines until October. Stocker operators may need to begin protein supplementation as early as July to sustain weight gains. Trace mineral values were erratic from year to year and month to month between and within years, indicating that trace mineral supplementation should probably be maintained throughout the grazing season.
Response Of Holstein Steers Fed A Soybean Hull-Based Diet To Amino Acid Supplementation When The Methionine Requirement Was Met, B.D. Lambert, C.A. Löest, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Response Of Holstein Steers Fed A Soybean Hull-Based Diet To Amino Acid Supplementation When The Methionine Requirement Was Met, B.D. Lambert, C.A. Löest, Evan C. Titgemeyer
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A study was conducted to determine the response to amino acid supplementation when the first limiting amino acid (methionine) was provided in excess. Three ruminally cannulated Holstein steer calves (281 lb) were fed 4.8 lb of a soybean hullbased diet (87% soyhulls and 8% wheat straw) daily. Methionine is the first limiting amino acid on diets of this type, and all steers were abomasally infused with 10 g/day of methionine to ensure that this requirement was met. Treatments consisted of increasing amounts (100, 250, or 400 g/day) of an amino acid mixture supplied abomasally. Calves received decreasing amounts of supplemental …
Performance Of Beef Heifers Limit-Fed Growing Diets Containing Alfalfa Hay And Wet Corn Gluten Feed, Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, T.B. Farran, N.J. Pike, C.M. Coetzer, H.J. Labrune, A.M. Trater, R.D. Hunter, R.A. Stock, James S. Drouillard
Performance Of Beef Heifers Limit-Fed Growing Diets Containing Alfalfa Hay And Wet Corn Gluten Feed, Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, T.B. Farran, N.J. Pike, C.M. Coetzer, H.J. Labrune, A.M. Trater, R.D. Hunter, R.A. Stock, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Three hundred thirty-nine crossbred beef heifers were used in a 99-day growing study to identify optimum combinations of alfalfa hay and wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) in limit-fed growing diets. Diets contained 10, 20, or 30% ground alfalfa hay, and 0, 40, or 68% Sweet Bran® WCGF (dry basis) in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. An interaction occurred (P<0.05) between level of alfalfa hay and level of WCGF for both average daily gain and feed efficiency. Increasing the levels of alfalfa hay or WCGF reduced cattle performance, with the exception of the 30% alfalfa hay and 40% WCGF diet, which supported average daily gains similar (P>0.10) to diets containing 20 or 30% alfalfa hay and no WCGF. Feed efficiencies for the 30% alfalfa hay and 40% WCGF diet were better (P<0.05) than the diet containing 30% alfalfa hay and no WCGF. Dry matter intake as measured two hours after feeding increased linearly (P<0.01) with increasing levels of alfalfa hay, and decreased linearly (P<0.01) with increasing levels of WCGF. This study suggests that including WCGF at 40% of the diet (dry basis) can effectively replace steam-flaked corn in limit-fed diets containing 20 or 30% alfalfa hay.
Using A Mixture Of Cottonseed Hulls And Cottonseed Meal To Replace Alfalfa Hay In Diets For Stressed Feeder Calves, T.B. Farran, R.D. Hunter, Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, Dale A. Blasi, James S. Drouillard
Using A Mixture Of Cottonseed Hulls And Cottonseed Meal To Replace Alfalfa Hay In Diets For Stressed Feeder Calves, T.B. Farran, R.D. Hunter, Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, Dale A. Blasi, James S. Drouillard
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
One 28-day receiving experiment was conducted using 625 exotic x British cross heifers to evaluate growth performance and morbidity on receiving diets that contained either alfalfa hay or a pellet composed of 65% cottonseed hulls and 35% cottonseed meal as the roughage source. Heifers fed the cotton byproduct pellet consumed more feed (P<0.01) but tended to be less efficient than those fed alfalfa hay. Daily gain was comparable between diets (P>0.05), and the percentages of heifers diagnosed, treated, or retreated for respiratory disease were similar.
Effects Of Vaccinating Beef Dams Precalving And Calves Preweaning With A Pasteurella Haemolytica Vaccine, L.E. Wankel, T.T. Marston, Gerald L. Stokka, J.R. Brethour, Timothy G. Rozell
Effects Of Vaccinating Beef Dams Precalving And Calves Preweaning With A Pasteurella Haemolytica Vaccine, L.E. Wankel, T.T. Marston, Gerald L. Stokka, J.R. Brethour, Timothy G. Rozell
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Our objective was to determine if vaccinating dams precalving and calves preweaning for Pasteurella haemolytica could effect serum antibody titers in dams, and the pre- and post-weaning health and performance of their calves. Vaccination increased serum antibody titers in multiparous cows, but not first-calf heifers. Precalving vaccination had minimal effects on mortality and morbidity of calves before or after weaning. Subsequent steer feedlot gains were unaffected by precalving and preweaning vaccinations and carcasses were not affected. However, heifers' weight gains were greater from weaning to one year of age when reared by vaccinated dams.
Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Risk Assessment For Production And Cooking Of Restructured Beef Steaks, M.T. Ortega-Valenzuela, H. Thippareddi, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner
Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Risk Assessment For Production And Cooking Of Restructured Beef Steaks, M.T. Ortega-Valenzuela, H. Thippareddi, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Distribution of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in restructured beef from artificially inoculated meat pieces and destruction of E. coli O157:H7 in restructured beef steaks prepared from artificially inoculated meat was evaluated following broiling and grilling. In Study I, longissimus dorsi trimmings were inoculated with fluorescently marked E. coli O157:H7 cells to microscopically identify bacterial distribution throughout restructured steak cross-sections. E. coli O157:H7 fluorescent density was observed along the glue lines where meat pieces were enzymatically attached. Study II quantified the level of E. coli O157:H7 throughout the entire thickness of restructured beef. Cross-sectional slices of core samples from the steaks showed …
Combinations Of Wet Corn Gluten Feed And Steam-Flaked Corn In Finishing Cattle Diets: Effects On Acid-Resistant E. Coli And Coliforms, Vfa Profiles And Ph, J.J. Sindt, H. Thippareddi, D.L. Lambert, T.B. Farran, Sean P. Montgomery, H.J. Labrune, James J. Higgins, James S. Drouillard, Randall K. Phebus
Combinations Of Wet Corn Gluten Feed And Steam-Flaked Corn In Finishing Cattle Diets: Effects On Acid-Resistant E. Coli And Coliforms, Vfa Profiles And Ph, J.J. Sindt, H. Thippareddi, D.L. Lambert, T.B. Farran, Sean P. Montgomery, H.J. Labrune, James J. Higgins, James S. Drouillard, Randall K. Phebus
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Finishing beef steers (615 head) were used in a 152-day experiment to evaluate the effects of feeding 80:0, 60:30 or 30:60 ratios (dry basis) of steam-flaked corn and wet corn gluten feed (WCGF, 30WCGF, 60WCGF) on acid-resistant E. coli and coliforms. On days 114 to 118 ruminal and fecal samples were collected from 180 steers and analyzed for pH, VFA, and total and acid-resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) and coliforms. Ruminal (P=0.13) and fecal (P=0.10) VFA tended to decrease linearly as CGF increased. Consequently, there was a corresponding numerical linear increase in ruminal pH and a significant linear increase in …
A Survey Of Phytoestrogenic Activity In Kansas Flint Hills Pastures, S.I. Paisley, W.V. Welshons, G.E. Rottinghaus, Jeffrey L. Davidson, James J. Higgins, Dale A. Blasi, Michael S. Holder, David E. Kehler
A Survey Of Phytoestrogenic Activity In Kansas Flint Hills Pastures, S.I. Paisley, W.V. Welshons, G.E. Rottinghaus, Jeffrey L. Davidson, James J. Higgins, Dale A. Blasi, Michael S. Holder, David E. Kehler
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
The botanical composition and basal cover of three Kansas Flint Hills pastures located in Butler and Chase counties was surveyed to estimate the incidence of plant species that contain appreciable levels of estrogenic activity. Many-flowered scurfpea and Ladino clover were the only plant species classified as high in estrogenic activity. Although significant estrogenic activity existed in specific species, the willingness of livestock to consume those species is unclear.
Motivation Factors For Beef Processor-Producer Linkages, J.D. Lawrence, M.L. Hayenga, Ted C. Schroeder
Motivation Factors For Beef Processor-Producer Linkages, J.D. Lawrence, M.L. Hayenga, Ted C. Schroeder
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A survey was conducted of the 15 largest beef processors to identify the mix of procurement practices being used and to understand reasons motivating recent processorproducer linkages. Processors are shifting away from cash-market live, fed-cattle trade, which represents only 36% of cattle procured by survey respondents in 1999. Processorowned cattle feeding represents only approximately 5%, where it has been for more than a decade. Various other forms of pricing such as carcass weight, grid, and formula represented the largest portion of purchases at 49%. Processors indicated the two most important reasons they get involved in contracts and marketing agreements with …
Effect Of Cooked Molasses Tubs On Performance And Health Of Newly Received Stocker Calves, S.I. Paisley, Gerald L. Stokka, F.K. Brazle
Effect Of Cooked Molasses Tubs On Performance And Health Of Newly Received Stocker Calves, S.I. Paisley, Gerald L. Stokka, F.K. Brazle
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Eight paired comparisons conducted at three field sites with 1059 newly-received lightweight stocker calves were used to determine the effect of free-choice cooked molasses tubs designed for receiving cattle on 28-day receiving period performance, percentage of cattle treated for respiratory disease, and death loss. At all sites, cattle received similar management with the exception that cooked molasses tubs were added to half of the pens immediately following initial processing. Weight gains were similar (P=0.36) for cattle with or without access to tubs (43 and 38 lb, respectively). The addition of tubs also did not affect the number of cattle treated …
Evaluation Of Ralgro® On Pasture And Subsequent Feedlot Performance And Carcass Merit Of Mexican Crossbred Steers, S.I. Paisley, Gerry L. Kuhl, James J. Higgins, G.L. Huck, T.B. Farran, J.J. Sindt, Sean P. Montgomery, C. Birkelo, Dale A. Blasi, Michael E. Dikeman
Evaluation Of Ralgro® On Pasture And Subsequent Feedlot Performance And Carcass Merit Of Mexican Crossbred Steers, S.I. Paisley, Gerry L. Kuhl, James J. Higgins, G.L. Huck, T.B. Farran, J.J. Sindt, Sean P. Montgomery, C. Birkelo, Dale A. Blasi, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A pasture/feedlot field study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a single Ralgro® implant during the stocker phase on steer grazing performance and subsequent feedlot performance and carcass merit. A total of 2,764 steers of Mexican origin averaging 449 lb were assembled in Texas and shipped to Kansas, where they grazed on three intensively-early-stocked Flint Hills pastures. At initial processing, the steers were individually weighed and randomly assigned to either a non-implanted control group or a Ralgro implant group. Ralgro steers gained more (23 lb; P<0.01) than controls during the 82- to 93-day grazing phase. Following the grazing phase, all steers were shipped to a commercial feedlot in southwestern Kansas where steers from each pasture were individually weighed and given a single Component E-S® implant. Immediately after processing, steers from each pasture were sorted into either a light- or heavy-weight pen, regardless of pasture implant treatment, resulting in six feedlot pens. Days on feed ranged from 127 to 197. Control steers gained faster (P<0.01) during the feedlot phase; however, Ralgro steers had higher cumulative weight gains across the combined pasture and feedlot phases (P<0.01) and averaged three fewer days on feed (P<0.05). There were no significant differences for marbling, fat thickness, ribeye area, KPH fat, or yield grade. Ralgro steers had lower (P<0.05) quality grades because of a higher incidence (P<0.001) of steers with B and C carcass maturities.
Heat Penetration Patterns Of Outside Round, Loin Strip And Eye Round Muscles Cooked By Electric Broiler, Electric Belt Grill, Or Forced-Air Convection Oven, E. Obuz, E.J. Yancey, T.E. Lawrence, D.A. King, Michael E. Dikeman
Heat Penetration Patterns Of Outside Round, Loin Strip And Eye Round Muscles Cooked By Electric Broiler, Electric Belt Grill, Or Forced-Air Convection Oven, E. Obuz, E.J. Yancey, T.E. Lawrence, D.A. King, Michael E. Dikeman
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We used an electric belt grill, a forced air convection oven, and an electric broiler to cook steaks from three beef muscles; outside round (biceps femoris), loin strip (longissimus lumborum) and eye round (semitendinosus). Belt grill cookery gave the fastest heat penetration into steaks regardless of temperature interval. Eye round had the slowest heat transfer rate for each cooking method perhaps partially explained by its fiber orientation. Heat penetration rate into outside round and loin strip was not different (P>0.05) for cooking method within a given temperature range. Heat penetration into muscles between 140 and 158°F was slowest because …