Life Sciences Commons^™

Herbicide And Application Timing Effects On Windmillgrass (Chloris Verticillata) Control, Nicholas Mitchell, Jared Hoyle

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Windmillgrass (Chloris verticillata Nutt.) populations commonly infest turfgrass systems in the midwest, which result in aesthetically unacceptable turfgrass stands. Research trials were initiated in 2017 and 2018, in Onaga and Junction City, KS, to determine windmillgrass control with various single herbicide applications at dif­ferent application timings. Pylex (topramezone) resulted in more than 80% wind­millgrass control 8 weeks after spring and summer application.

Winter Survival Of Experimental Bermudagrasses In The Upper Transition Zone, Mingying Xiang, Jack Fry, Yanqi Wu

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A winter with very cold temperatures in 2017–2018 allowed for good separation of standard and experimental bermudagrasses for freezing tolerance. When evaluated in May 2018, survival of commonly used cultivars was: Tifway, 0%; Latitude 36, 20%; Northbridge, 25%. Some experimental progeny had up to 98% winter survival on the same rating date.

2017 National Turfgrass Evaluation Program Perennial Ryegrass Test: 2018 Data, Mingying Xiang, Jack Fry

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

More than 100 entries of perennial ryegrass were evaluated in the perennial ryegrass National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP) study in Manhattan, KS, in 2018. A broad variation occurred among entries. Several entries consistently ranked in the top 10 in quality from month to month.

Effect Of Late Planting Dates On Corn Yield, E. A. Adee, K. L. Roozeboom

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Planting date studies have been conducted for corn over many years. Often the focus has been to determine the optimum planting date for maximizing yield. In some areas, planting early-maturing corn hybrids as early as possible has been a successful strategy for avoiding hot, dry conditions at the critical pollination and early grain fill stages. Planting later can be an alternative strategy that attempts to avoid the most intense heat by moving the critical growth stages for corn centered around pollination to later in the growing season. This strategy has been adopted by some growers in areas that often encounter …

Agronomic Optimal Plant Density By Yield Environment In Soybean, W. D. Carciochi, I. A. Ciampitti

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This research report presents a summary of a peer-reviewed publication: Carciochi W.D.; Schwalbert R.; Andrade F.H.; Corassa G.M.; Carter P.; Gaspar A.P.; Schmidt J.; Ciampitti I.A. 2019. Soybean seed yield response to plant density by yield environment in North America. Agronomy Journal.

Recent economic and productive circumstances have caused interest in within-field variation of the agronomic optimal plant density (AOPD) for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the AOPD by yield environment (YE) for soybean. During 2013 and 2014, nine site-years with a total of 78 yield-to-plant density responses were evaluated …

Management Strategies For Double-Crop Soybean Planted After Wheat, D. S. S. Hansel, J. Kimball, I. A. Ciampitti

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Double-crop (DC) soybeans (Glycine max L.) are gaining popularity as an alternative system to intensify productivity without expanding the farming area and can potentially increase net return. However, the DC soybean system faces many challenges such as late planting, which decreases yield potential. A study was conducted in four site-years in Ashland Bottoms, KS, during the 2016 and 2017 growing seasons. In both years, the soybean variety planted was Asgrow 4232 (MG 4.2). The soybean was planted right after two different wheat harvest timings (Study 1, early-wheat harvest 18–20% mois­ture; and Study 2, conventional-harvest 13–14% moisture). Seven treatments were …

Inoculation Timing Effect On Biological Nitrogen Fixation And Soybean Productivity, M. A. Secchi, A. R. Torres, L. H. Moro Rosso, I. A. Ciampitti

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], as other legume species, has the characteristic of fixing nitrogen (N) from the atmosphere via the biological N fixation (BNF) process. When a proper symbiosis relationship between soybeans and specific bacteria has been established, the plants can obtain up to 98% of the total N need. However, several factors can negatively affect BNF, impairing its contribution to nutrient demand and reducing crop productivity. In this scenario, additional inoculation could help the plant to overcome potential N gaps in BNF. Therefore, the goal of this project was to investigate if additional inoculation at different growth …

Effects Of Spring-Planted Cover Crops On Weed Suppression And Winter Wheat Grain Yield In Western Kansas, A. K. Obour, J. D. Holman, J. A. Dille, V. Kumar

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Herbicide resistant (HR) weeds pose a major challenge to continuous no-tillage (NT) dryland crop management systems. Integrating cover crop (CCs) in dryland crop rota­tions could suppress weeds and provide a weed management option for HR weeds in NT systems. Field experiments were conducted to investigate weed suppression poten­tial of spring-planted CCs and their impacts on subsequent winter wheat grain yields. The CCs were oat/triticale, oat/triticale/pea, spring pea, and chem-fallow (standard) over 3 years and 2 locations in western Kansas. A weedy-fallow check was added to compare weed suppression of CCs in 2 out of the 3 years. Results showed CC …

Cover Crop Management Effects On Soil Water Content And Winter Wheat Yield In Dryland Systems, A. K. Obour, J. D. Holman, J. R. Jaeger

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Integrating cover crop (CCs) into dryland crop production in the semiarid central Great Plains (CGP) can provide several ecosystem benefits. However, CC adoption is slow and not widely popular in the CGP because CCs utilize water that otherwise would be available for the subsequent cash crop. Grazing or haying CCs can provide economic benefits to offset revenue loss associated with decreased crop yields when CCs are grown ahead of a cash crop. Objectives of the current research were to 1) determine forage production of CC mixtures, and 2) evaluate the impacts of removing CC for forage on soil water content, …

Integrated Wheat Management For Improved Wheat Yield And Protein In Kansas, B. R. Jaenisch, R. P. Lollato

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In Kansas, seven to nine million acres of winter wheat are sown annually with grain yields averaging about 40 bu/a. Variety selection and management strategies are critical decisions to maximize wheat yield. Thus, the main objective of this experiment was to evaluate four wheat varieties and their response to six management strategies at three locations in Kansas. These strategies included a farmer practice, enhanced fertility, economical intensification, increased foliar protection, water-limited yield, and increased plant productivity. Locations were pooled based on tillage practice and envi­ronment within Kansas; conventional till in central (Hutchinson and Belleville), and no-till in western (Leoti). In …

Intensive Wheat Management For Yield And Quality: The Role Of Variety, Environment, And Management Practices, R. P. Lollato, B. R. Jaenisch, D. Marburger

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Management (M), variety (V), and environment (E) greatly influence wheat yield and quality. With the objective of determining the partial influence of V, E, and M, we conducted a field experiment where we imposed four management intensities to five wheat varieties during six site-years in Kansas and Oklahoma. Management intensities were 1) low-input (N fertility for a yield goal of 60 bu/a); 2) high-input (foliar fungi­cide, sulfur and chloride fertilizers, growth regulator, and nitrogen (N) fertility for a yield goal of 100 bu/a); 3) high-input minus fungicide; and 4) high-input minus addi­tional N. We selected commonly grown wheat varieties with …

Plant Growth Regulators To Decrease Wheat Height In High Fertility Scenarios, F. D. Spolidorio, R. P. Lollato

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Lodging is a common concern in wheat production, and its intensity depends on many factors including the straw strength of the variety, nitrogen (N) levels, and plant growth regulator (PGR). However, there are limited data exploring how current Kansas wheat varieties respond to PGR applications at different fertility levels. Thus, our objective was to assess the effects of PGR on wheat varieties exposed to different levels of N fertilization. A field trial was established in a split-split-plot design and four replica­tions in two Kansas locations (Great Bend and Ashland Bottoms) during the 2017–18 growing season. Factors evaluated were two N …

Effective Herbicide Options For Controlling Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer Amaranth In Roundup Ready 2 Xtend Soybean, V. Kumar, R. Liu, T. Lambert, D. E. Peterson, C. L. Minihan, P. W. Stahlman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Glyphosate-resistant (GR) Palmer amaranth has become a serious challenge for soybean producers in the mid-south and central United States, including Kansas. Field experi­ments were conducted at the Kansas State University Agricultural Research Center (KSU-ARC) near Hays, KS, and Kansas State University Ashland Bottoms (KSU-AB) research farm near Manhattan, KS, to determine the effectiveness of preemergence (PRE) and PRE followed by (fb) postemergence (POST) herbicide programs on GR Palmer amaranth control in Roundup Ready 2 Xtend soybean. The study site at Hays was infested with GR Palmer amaranth population prior to soybean planting; whereas, the Manhattan site had natural …

Characterization And Management Of Glyphosate- And Hppd-Inhibitor-Resistant Palmer Amaranth In Kansas Corn Production, V. Kumar, R. Liu, T. Lambert

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Multiple herbicide-resistant (MHR) Palmer amaranth is an increasing management concern for Kansas grain producers. The main purpose of this research was to 1) char­acterize the resistance levels to glyphosate (Roundup PowerMax) and mesotrione (Callisto) in an MHR Palmer amaranth population collected from Stafford County, KS, compared to a known herbicide-susceptible (SUS) population; and 2) to evaluate the effectiveness of preemergence (PRE), PRE followed by (fb) early post emergence (EPOST), and PRE fb late POST (LPOST) herbicide programs for controlling this MHR population in Roundup Ready and LibertyLink corn. To achieve these objec­tives, a whole plant dose-response study was …

Harvest Method, Cultivar, And Time Of Swathing Effects On Yield And Oil Content Of Winter Canola, M. J. Stamm, S. J. Dooley, K. L. Roozeboom

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Producers want to achieve the highest yield and oil content possible using either swathing or direct cutting to harvest winter canola. Multi-year experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of harvest method (swathing versus direct cutting) and cultivar on seed moisture, yield, and oil content; and to evaluate the effects of swathing timing on yield and oil content. The harvest method experiments were conducted for two seasons at the Redd Foundation Field near Partridge, KS. The time of swathing experiments were conducted for two seasons near Manhattan, KS. In 2016 and 2017, harvest method had a significant effect on seed …

Tillage Study For Corn And Soybeans: Comparing Vertical, Deep, And No-Tillage, E. A. Adee

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Trends from a tillage study conducted since 2011 have shown no clear differences between tillage systems for either corn or soybeans in lighter soils under irrigation. One out of seven years has shown a yield advantage for either corn or soybeans for any tillage system, which appears to be related to environmental conditions experienced during the season.

Pursuing The Best Management Strategies For Corn-Soybean Rotation Systems In North Central Kansas, A. A. Correndo, I. A. Ciampitti

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The aim of this study was to evaluate different management strategies for improving yield productivity in corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation systems. During the 2018 season, a long-term corn-soybean experiment was continued in Scandia, KS, evaluating five management strategies under rainfed and irrigated conditions. For corn, average yields were 146 bu/a and 172 bu/a under rainfed and irrigated conditions, respectively. For soybean, rainfed and irrigated average seed yields were similar (47–50 bu/a), attributed to herbicide injury on the irrigated plots. For both crop and water scenarios, intensifying the crop management (by modifying …

Crop Yield And Yield Stability As Affected By Long-Term Tillage And Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates In Dryland Wheat And Sorghum Production Systems, M. Majrashi, A. K. Obour, C. J. Moorberg

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A major challenge for agronomists is developing cropping systems that exhibit superior performance across variable environmental conditions, especially precipitation. Long-term field research trials provide a direct measure of the effect of environmental condi­tions within the context of treatment effects. Here we investigated the impact of tillage practices and nitrogen (N) rates on yields for dryland wheat and sorghum as influenced by weather and precipitation. The study focused on a long-term (40 years) tillage and N fertilizer experiment established in 1975 and managed as a split-split-plot arrangement of rotation (winter wheat-grain sorghum-fallow) with three tillage systems (conven­tional tillage (CT), reduced tillage …

Occasional Tillage In A Wheat-Sorghum-Fallow Rotation, A. Schlegel, J. Holman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Beginning in 2012, research was conducted in Garden City and Tribune, KS, to determine the effect of a single tillage operation every 3 years on grain yields in a wheat-sorghum-fallow (WSF) rotation. Grain yields of wheat and grain sorghum were generally not affected by a single tillage operation every 3 years in a WSF rotation. Grain yield varied greatly by year from 2014–2018. Wheat yields ranged across years from mid-20s to 80 bu/a at Tribune and less than 10 to near 60 bu/a at Garden City. Grain sorghum yields ranged from less than 50 to greater than 140 bu/a, depending …

Tillage Intensity In A Long-Term Wheat-Sorghum-Fallow Rotation, A. Schlegel, A. Burnett

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This study was initiated in 1991 at the Kansas State University Southwest Research-Extension Center near Tribune, KS. The purpose of the study was to identify the effects of tillage intensity on precipitation capture, soil water storage, and grain yield in a wheat-sorghum-fallow rotation. Grain yields of wheat and grain sorghum increased with decreased tillage intensity in a wheat-sorghum-fallow (WSF) rotation. In 2018, available soil water at sorghum planting was greater for no-tillage (NT) than reduced tillage (RT) which was greater than conventional tillage (CT). For wheat there was a similar pattern as sorghum, with available soil water at wheat planting …

Seeding Rate For Dryland Wheat, A. Schlegel, J. Holman, L. Haag

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Four winter wheat varieties (PlainsGold Byrd, Limagrain T158, Syngenta TAM 111, and WestBred Winterhawk) were planted at five seeding rates (30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 lb/a) in the fall of 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2017 at Colby, Garden City, and Tribune, KS. The objective of the study is to identify appropriate seeding rates for dryland winter wheat in western Kansas. Averaged across varieties, a seeding rate of 60 lb/a seemed to be adequate at all locations in 2015. However, with higher yields in 2016, a higher seeding rate (75 lb/a) was beneficial. Although yields were less in 2017 than …

Wheat Stubble Height On Subsequent Corn And Grain Sorghum Crops, A. Schlegel, L. Haag

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A field study initiated in 2006 at the Southwest Research-Extension Center near Tribune, KS, was designed to evaluate the effects of three wheat stubble heights on subsequent grain yields of corn and grain sorghum. Corn and sorghum yields in 2018 were greater than the long-term average. When averaged from 2007 through 2018, corn grain yields were 9 bu/a greater when planted into either high or strip-cut stubble than into low-cut stubble. Average grain sorghum yields were 6 bu/a greater in high-cut stubble than low-cut stubble. Similarly, water use efficiency was greater for high or strip-cut stubble for corn and high-cut …

Long-Term Nitrogen, Phosphorus, And Potassium Fertilization Of Irrigated Grain Sorghum, A. Schlegel, D. Bond

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Long-term research shows that phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) fertilizer must be applied to optimize production of irrigated grain sorghum in western Kansas. In 2018, N applied alone increased yields 44 bu/a, whereas N and P applied together increased yields up to 67 bu/a. Averaged across the past 10 years, N and P fertilization increased sorghum yields up to 75 bu/a. Application of 80 lb/a N (with P) produced the maximum yield in 2018, which is slightly less than the 10-yr average. Application of potassium (K) has had no effect on sorghum yield throughout the study period. Average grain N …

Application Timing Efficacy Of Enlist Duo In Irrigated Corn, R. S. Currie, P. W. Geier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In this study, herbicides were tested to compare application timing for weed control in irrigated corn. All herbicides tested provided season-long control (90% or more) of Palmer amaranth, Russian thistle, quinoa, and common sunflower. The inclusion of Enlist Duo to SureStart II as an early postemergence (V2) treatment increased kochia and johnsongrass control compared to a preemergence treatment of SureStart II alone early in the season. However, by later in the year, control of kochia and johnsongrass was best when Enlist Duo application was delayed until the V4 stage. Enlist Duo provided equal control of all weeds when applied at …

Efficacy Of Zest Application Timings In Irrigated Acetolactase Synthase-Resistant Grain Sorghum, R. S. Currie, P. W. Geier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Acetolactase synthase inhibiting (ALS) herbicides were evaluated for efficacy in ALS-resistant grain sorghum. Kochia and quinoa control were similar among all herbicides tested regardless of evaluation date. Cinch ATZ alone preemergence, and Cinch plus Resolve and Harmony GT PRE followed by Zest POST controlled puncturevine 73-78%. Late-season green foxtail control was best when Zest was included as an early postemergence or postemergence application. Cinch ATZ applied alone preemergence, Cinch ATZ preemergence followed by Zest POST, and Cinch plus Resolve and Harmony GT PRE followed by Zest POST controlled Palmer amaranth 81–84%, and resulted in the highest grain yields.

Liberty Compared To Glyphosate Products In Irrigated Corn, R. S. Currie, P. W. Geier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Postemergence treatments of Liberty (glufosinate) were compared to Durango DMA and Roundup PowerMax (glyphosate) after various preemergence treatments for efficacy in corn. Control of common sunflower, green foxtail, Russian thistle, and quinoa exceeded 92% regardless of herbicide treatment or evaluation date. Similarly, all preemergence (PRE) treatments controlled Palmer amaranth, kochia, and crabgrass by 93% or more. Later in the season, control of kochia was slightly less when Verdict (saflufenacil/dimethenamid) and atrazine PRE was followed by Roundup PowerMax and atrazine postemergence (POST). Palmer amaranth and crabgrass control was less when Verdict and atrazine PRE was followed by Roundup PowerMax or Liberty …

Vida Alone And In Tank Mixtures For Kochia Control In Fallow, R. S. Currie, P. W. Geier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

To learn more about kochia control in fallow, a comparison of Vida alone and in tank mixtures was conducted. Glyphosate alone provided no more than 40% kochia control, and was similar to Vida or 2,4-D alone late in the season. The tank mixture of Vida plus Gramoxone and Spartan controlled kochia the best regardless of rating date, and was the only treatment to provide more than 95% control at 28 days.

Split Applications Of Coyote And Lumax For Efficacy In Grain Sorghum, R. S. Currie, P. W. Geier

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In an effort to determine the efficacy of herbicide application timing in sorghum, full herbicide rates were applied 14 days preplant, and compared with split applications of half rates applied at two timings. Generally, weed control was best when half of the labeled rates were applied 14 days preplant followed by the other half preemergence, compared to full rates applied 14 days preplant. However, control of velvetleaf and common sunflower was excellent (95% or more) regardless of when the treatments were applied. Grain sorghum yields were similar among all herbicide treatments, and each treatment increased yield from 2 to 2.5-fold …

Southwest Research-Extension Center Field Day 2019, R. Gillen

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Agricultural research was conducted at the Southwest Research-Extension Center in Kansas. Topics include cropping, tillage, soil fertility, and weed science.

Effects Of Soybean Meal Concentration In Lactating Sow Diets On Sow And Litter Performance, K. M. Gourley, J. C. Woodworth, J. M. Derouchey, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, R. D. Goodband

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 131 sows (Line 241; DNA, Columbus, NE) were used in a study to evaluate the effect of increasing soybean meal concentration in lactating sow diets on sow and litter performance. Sows were blocked by body weight (BW) and parity on d 112 of gestation, and allotted to 1 of 3 treatments of increasing soybean meal (25%, 30%, or 35% of total diet). Diets were formulated to 1.05% standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine with L-lysine HCl decreasing as soybean meal increased. All other amino acids and nutrients were formulated to meet nutrient requirement recommendations.2 Diets were fed from …