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Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

2002

Other Animal Sciences

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Articles 1 - 30 of 82

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Roundup 2002 Jan 2002

Roundup 2002

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Roundup is the major beef cattle education and outreach event sponsored by the Agricultural Research Center-Hays. The purpose is to communicate timely, applicable research information to producers and extension personnel. The research program of the Agricultural Research Center-Hays is dedicated to serving the people of Kansas by developing new knowledge and technology to stabilize and sustain long-term production of food and fiber in a manner consistent with conservation of natural resources, protection of the environment, and assurance of food safety. Primary emphasis is on production efficiency through optimization of inputs in order to increase profit margins for producers in the …

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Effect Of Hydrogen Peroxide On Protein Degradation Of Feather Meal, C.A. Löest, C.M. Coetzer, Evan C. Titgemeyer, James S. Drouillard Jan 2002

Effect Of Hydrogen Peroxide On Protein Degradation Of Feather Meal, C.A. Löest, C.M. Coetzer, Evan C. Titgemeyer, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Protein degradation of feather meal treated with hydrogen peroxide was evaluated using the in situ bag technique. Bags containing untreated feather meal or feather meal treated with 1.4, 2.5, 2.7, 5.0, or 7.0% hydrogen peroxide (g/100 g feather meal, as fed basis) at various pH and times of heating (55oC) were suspended in the rumen of a cannulated steer for 12 hours. Protein degradabilities of feather meal treated with 2.5 and 2.7% peroxide were only 12 to 19% greater than untreated feather meal, but feather meal treated with 5% peroxide had protein degradabilities 56 to 67% greater than untreated feather …

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Use Of Organic Acids For Control Of Clostridium Perfringens In Cooked Vacuum-Packaged Ground Beef Products Subjected To Substandard Cooling Procedures, J.R. Sabah, T. Harshavardhan, James L. Marsden, Daniel Y.C. Fung Jan 2002

Use Of Organic Acids For Control Of Clostridium Perfringens In Cooked Vacuum-Packaged Ground Beef Products Subjected To Substandard Cooling Procedures, J.R. Sabah, T. Harshavardhan, James L. Marsden, Daniel Y.C. Fung

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This study determined the ability of Clostridium perfringens spores to germinate and grow after different organic acid treatments in vacuum packaged cooked ground beef subjected to substandard (slow) cooling. Meat samples were inoculated with a three-strain cocktail of C. perfringens spores (ATCC 10388, NCTC 8238, and NCTC 8239), then vacuum-packaged, cooked in a water bath to 167°F internal temperature, and held 20 min. The water bath temperature was then lowered to 130°F, and samples were cooled from 130°F to 45°F over 18 hr. Samples were taken after inoculation, after cooking, and after cooling. In the event of substandard cooling, sodium …

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Effects Of Tallow And Ground Flaxseed On Sensory And Color Characteristics Of Ribeye Steaks, H.J. Labrune, K.A. Hachmeister, Donald H. Kropf, James S. Drouillard, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 2002

Effects Of Tallow And Ground Flaxseed On Sensory And Color Characteristics Of Ribeye Steaks, H.J. Labrune, K.A. Hachmeister, Donald H. Kropf, James S. Drouillard, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Forty-eight ribeye steaks from steers fed diets containing steam-flaked corn (SFC), steam-flaked corn with tallow (SFC/Tallow), or steam-flaked corn with rolled flaxseed (Flax) were used to evaluate the effects of dietary fat on sensory traits, retail display color stability, and fatty acid composition. Steaks from Flax-fed steers had increased deposition of α linolenic acid (C18:3n3, an omega-3 fatty acid; P<0.01) and developed a detectable off-flavor (P<0.05) when compared to those of cattle fed SFC and SFC/Tallow. There were no differences in tenderness, juiciness, or flavor intensity (P>0.10) among the three treatments. Steaks from cattle fed SFC retained a desirable color longer than those from cattle fed Flax (P<0.05) which may be attributable to premature lipid oxidation in steaks from cattle fed Flax. This study suggests that altering the fat in the diet may affect flavor and color stability of the meat. Feeding flaxseed can effectively alter composition of carcass tissues to yield beef that is high in omega-3 fatty acids, which may lead to premature lipid oxidation.

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Will Blade Tenderization Decrease Iridescence In Cooked Beef Semitendinosus Muscle?, E. Obuz, Donald H. Kropf Jan 2002

Will Blade Tenderization Decrease Iridescence In Cooked Beef Semitendinosus Muscle?, E. Obuz, Donald H. Kropf

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Ten beef semitendinosus muscles were divided into three sections, which were randomly assigned to one of three blade tenderization treatments (control-zero, one, or two times). Blade-tenderized muscles were cooked in a forced-air convection oven at 325° to 145°F and held for 1 min. Cooked muscles were chilled overnight at 38°F and sliced by a sharp knife. Panelists (n=19) evaluated iridescence intensity on a five-point scale (0=no iridescence, 5=very strong) and extent of iridescence (0=no iridescence, 5=81-100% affected area). Blade tenderization decreased (P<0.05) iridescence intensity from 2.37 to 2.02 and extent of iridescence from 2.18 to 1.83 (control zero vs. two passes). Cooking loss increased (P<0.05) with blade tenderization (30.4% control, 32.6% one pass, 33.7% two passes). Blade tenderization has a moderate effect on reducing iridescence.

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Fertility Of Heifers After Synchronization Of Estrus Using Gnrh, Pgf2Α, And Progesterone (Cidr), A.M. Richardson, B.A. Hensley, T.J. Marple, Sandra K. Johnson, Jeffrey S. Stevenson Jan 2002

Fertility Of Heifers After Synchronization Of Estrus Using Gnrh, Pgf2Α, And Progesterone (Cidr), A.M. Richardson, B.A. Hensley, T.J. Marple, Sandra K. Johnson, Jeffrey S. Stevenson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Our objectives were to determine fertility of heifers after estrus synchronization using PGF2αpreceded by either progesterone, GnRH, or both. Beef (n = 193) and dairy (n = 246) heifers were assigned randomly to three treatments: 1) 50 μg of GnRH and a used intravaginal progesterone-releasing insert were administered on day −7, followed by 25 mg of PGF2αon day −1, and CIDR removal on day 0 (CIDR + GnRH + PGF); 2) the same as 1) but without the GnRH (CIDR + PGF); and 3) the same as 1) but without the CIDR (GnRH + PGF; modified Select Synch). Rates of …

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Factors Affecting The Price Paid For Spring-Yearling Bulls, T.T. Marston, L.E. Wankel, Daniel W. Moser Jan 2002

Factors Affecting The Price Paid For Spring-Yearling Bulls, T.T. Marston, L.E. Wankel, Daniel W. Moser

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Many factors are considered when commercial cow/calf producers buy bulls. Breeding system needs and breeder's preference determine which breed of bull will be purchased at a multi-breed sale. Our analysis of prices paid for bulls tested and sold through the Kansas Bull Test Station indicates that bull consigners' reputations and marketing techniques influence the price received for bulls at such an event. Individual performance and genetic potential are other areas of interest to bull buyers. Buying habits and prices indicate that commercial cow/calf operations use different traits, depending on the breed, to enhance their cowherd's production.

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A Study Of The Chemical And Microbial Changes In Whole-Plant Corn Silage During Fermentation And Storage: Effects Of Packing Density And Sealing Technique, M.E. Uriarte-Archundia, K.K. Bolsen, B.E. Brent Jan 2002

A Study Of The Chemical And Microbial Changes In Whole-Plant Corn Silage During Fermentation And Storage: Effects Of Packing Density And Sealing Technique, M.E. Uriarte-Archundia, K.K. Bolsen, B.E. Brent

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The objectives of this study with whole-plant corn silage were to determine the effects of forage density after packing, and sealing technique on yeast and mold populations; and to examine the relationship between the microbial and chemical changes in the silages during the fermentation process and storage period. Whole-plant corn was harvested at 80% milkline (36% DM) and ensiled at three densities (D): D1, 23.2; D2, 33.2, and D3, 43.3 lb/ft3. Half of the silos for each density were sealed immediately after filling (S, sealed) and the other half of the silos were sealed 48 hours after filling (DS, delayed …

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Effect Of Source Of Carbohydrate And Degradable Intake Protein In Supplements On Low-Quality Forage Utilization By Steers, J.I. Arroquy, R.C. Cochran, T.A. Wickersham, Donald A. Llewellyn Jan 2002

Effect Of Source Of Carbohydrate And Degradable Intake Protein In Supplements On Low-Quality Forage Utilization By Steers, J.I. Arroquy, R.C. Cochran, T.A. Wickersham, Donald A. Llewellyn

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Twelve ruminally fistulated steers were used in an experiment to study the impact of the source of carbohydrate (CHO) and degradable intake protein (DIP) in supplements on low-quality forage utilization. Treatments consisted of two different CHO types (fed at 0.16% of initial BW) each offered with an equal amount of DIP (0.087% of initial BW) but with six different proportions of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) and true protein as sources of DIP. The CHO types were starch and dextrose (a simple sugar). The different proportions of the two sources of N contributing to the DIP were 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80 …

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Mechanical Force Measures On Uncooked Beef Longissimus Muscle Can Predict Tenderness Of Strip Loin Steaks, R.R. Timm, John A. Unruh, Michael E. Dikeman, M.C. Hunt, T.E. Lawrence, John E. Boyer, James L. Marsden Jan 2002

Mechanical Force Measures On Uncooked Beef Longissimus Muscle Can Predict Tenderness Of Strip Loin Steaks, R.R. Timm, John A. Unruh, Michael E. Dikeman, M.C. Hunt, T.E. Lawrence, John E. Boyer, James L. Marsden

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We investigated mechanical force measurements on uncooked longissimus muscle as a means to predict Warner- Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and trained sensory panel tenderness (SPT) of cooked strip loin steaks. Uncooked steaks from 24 USDA Select strip loins (IMPS 180) were evaluated at 2 and 14 days postmortem using plumb bob and needle probe devices attached to an Instron Universal Testing Machine. Cooked steaks aged 14 days were then evaluated for WBSF and SPT. Regression models to predict SPT from needle probe and plumb bob measurements individually taken at 2 days postmortem had R2 of 0.54 and 0.51, respectively. Combining …

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Maximizing Desirable Ground Beef Color With Cold Storage And Display Temperatures, R.A. Mancini, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf, K.A. Hachmeister, D.E. Johnson, John A. Fox Jan 2002

Maximizing Desirable Ground Beef Color With Cold Storage And Display Temperatures, R.A. Mancini, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf, K.A. Hachmeister, D.E. Johnson, John A. Fox

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This study evaluated the combined effects of storage temperature, storage time, display temperature, display time, and fat level on ground beef color. Storage at 32°F minimized discoloration during display compared to storage at 40° and 48°F. Storage up to 12 days at 32°F did not affect ground beef color stability, whereas prolonged storage at 40° and 48°F increased discoloration dramatically. When storage was at 32°F, sales loss was 0.4%, compared to 62% at 48°F. Fat level did not influence discoloration. The use of 32°F during storage and display is essential for maximizing ground beef color life.

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Effects Of Injection Marination With Various Calcium Sources And Molar Concentrations On Display Color Life, Tenderness, And Microbial Inhibition Of Beef Loin Steaks, T.E. Lawrence, Melvin C. Hunt, Michael E. Dikeman, Curtis L. Kastner, James L. Marsden Jan 2002

Effects Of Injection Marination With Various Calcium Sources And Molar Concentrations On Display Color Life, Tenderness, And Microbial Inhibition Of Beef Loin Steaks, T.E. Lawrence, Melvin C. Hunt, Michael E. Dikeman, Curtis L. Kastner, James L. Marsden

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Beef strip loins were assigned to one of 11 treatments that included injection marination (10% by weight) with three calcium salts at three molar concentrations, a distilled water control, and a non-marinated control. The effects of calcium salt and concentration were tested for retail display color life, tenderness and sensory traits, and microbial growth. Calcium lactate marinated steaks had longer color life and less microbial growth than those treated with calcium chloride or calcium ascorbate. Increasing molar concentration (.1M to .2M to .3M) caused faster color deterioration, and did not significantly improve microbial inhibition. All calcium treatments improved tenderness; however, …

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Effects Of Paylean (Ractopamine⋅Hcl) On Finishing Pig Growth And Variation (2002), M R. Barker, C N. Groesbeck, S M. Hanni, C W. Hastad, T P. Keegan, K R. Lawrence, M G. Young, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2002

Effects Of Paylean (Ractopamine⋅Hcl) On Finishing Pig Growth And Variation (2002), M R. Barker, C N. Groesbeck, S M. Hanni, C W. Hastad, T P. Keegan, K R. Lawrence, M G. Young, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 336 pigs were used in a 21-day trial to determine the effect of Paylean (9.0 g/ton Ractopamine·HCl) on finishing pig growth and variation. Pigs were allotted based on weight so that all pens had the same initial weight and degree of variation within the pen. Pigs fed Paylean had greater ADG and better feed efficiency than control-fed pigs (P0.70). The results suggest that adding Paylean to the diet improves finishing pig growth performance but does not affect weight variation within the pen.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 14, 2002

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Effects Of Different Protein Sources On Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs (2002), K R. Lawrence, C W. Hastad, S M. Hanni, M R. Barker, B W. James, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2002

Effects Of Different Protein Sources On Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs (2002), K R. Lawrence, C W. Hastad, S M. Hanni, M R. Barker, B W. James, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 170 weanling pigs (initially 16.4 lb) were used to evaluate the effects of alternative protein sources on growth performance of pigs fed from d 5 to 26 after weaning. All pigs were fed a common diet from weaning to d 5. The five dietary treatments were cornsoybean meal-based and included a control diet containing 10% dried whey, or the control diet with 5% select menhaden fish meal, 2.5% spray-dried blood cells, 3.73% enzymatically hydrolyzed wheat gluten (Source 1), or 3.51% flash-dried wheat gluten (Source 2). No differences were observed in overall ADG and ADFI; however, pigs fed …

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Effects Of Weaning Age On Post-Weaning Belly Nosing Behavior And Umbilical Lesions (2002), R G. Main, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2002

Effects Of Weaning Age On Post-Weaning Belly Nosing Behavior And Umbilical Lesions (2002), R G. Main, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Pigs (n=2272) were weaned at 12, 15, 18, or 21 days of age to determine the effect of weaning age on post-weaning belly nosing behavior and associated umbilical lesions. A reduction (quadratic, P<0.01) in belly nosing behavior and umbilical lesions were observed as weaning age increased. The largest decrease in belly nosing behavior was observed as wean age increased from 12 to 15 days, with smaller incremental reductions in the 18 and 21 day wean pigs. This study indicates that weaning pigs at less than 15 days of age significantly increases belly nosing behavior and associated umbilical lesions after weaning.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 14, 2002

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Effects Of An Acute Enteric Disease Challenge On Igf-1 And Igfbp-3 Gene Expression In Porcine Skeletal Muscle (2002), B J. Johnson, J P. Kayser, J D. Dunn, A T. Waylan, S S. Drtiz, Jerome C. Nietfeld, J Ernest Minton Jan 2002

Effects Of An Acute Enteric Disease Challenge On Igf-1 And Igfbp-3 Gene Expression In Porcine Skeletal Muscle (2002), B J. Johnson, J P. Kayser, J D. Dunn, A T. Waylan, S S. Drtiz, Jerome C. Nietfeld, J Ernest Minton

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Eighteen pigs (initial weight 25 lb and approximately 5 wk of age) were used in a 14-d trial to determine the effects of an acute Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium (ST) disease challenge on both circulating insulinlike growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and steady-state IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 mRNA levels in skeletal muscle. Muscle biopsies and blood samples were obtained from all pigs on d 0, 3, 7, and 14 relative to ST-challenge. Results suggest that an acute ST-challenge decreased circulating IGF-1 levels on d 3 and 7 but did not affect circulating IGFBP-3 concentrations. Additionally, ST-challenge …

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Effect Of Phytase Dosage And Source On Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs (2002), B W. James, G L. Lynch, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2002

Effect Of Phytase Dosage And Source On Growth Performance Of Nursery Pigs (2002), B W. James, G L. Lynch, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A 28-d growth assay was conducted to determine the effect of phytase dosage and source on growth performance of nursery pigs. The nine experimental treatments were control diets (0.13, 0.18, and 0.23% available phosphorus) and phytase (100, 225, or 350 FTU or FYT/kg) from either Natuphos or Ronozyme P added to the 0.13% available P diet. The results of this experiment indicate that increasing available P or phytase level, through 0.23% available P and 350 FTU or FYT/kg, respectively, improves ADG and feed efficiency. Regression analysis of the ADG response indicated that, when adding less than 350 phytase units/kg, each …

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Effect Of Dexamethasone Injection At Birth On Growth Performance Of Pigs From Birth To Weaning (2002), M G. Young, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2002

Effect Of Dexamethasone Injection At Birth On Growth Performance Of Pigs From Birth To Weaning (2002), M G. Young, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 82 litters were used in a 21-day study to evaluate the effect of injecting litters of pigs with dexamethasone within 24 hours of birth on growth rate from birth to weaning. Experimental treatments consisted of an injection of 1 mg dexamethasone solution (2mg/mL, Prolab Ltd, St. Joseph, MO) to all pigs within a litter, while pigs in control litters did not receive a dexamethasone injection. There was no difference in growth rate from birth to weaning between pigs injected with dexamethasone and control pigs. Number of pigs weaned per litter and preweaning mortality were not different. In …

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Pilus Genes In Escherichia Coli Isolated From Pigs With Diarrhea (2002), Jerome C. Nietfeld, T Yeary Jan 2002

Pilus Genes In Escherichia Coli Isolated From Pigs With Diarrhea (2002), Jerome C. Nietfeld, T Yeary

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A retrospective survey of the Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory records was made for Escherichia coli isolated from pigs with diarrhea. There were 111 E. coli isolates that carried genes for attachment pili that are necessary for E. coli to cause diarrhea. Of the 111 isolates, 103 had one pilus gene and eight had two pilus genes. The most common pilus type was the K88 pilus accounting for 73% of the isolates. All but one of the K88 isolates also carried at least one toxin gene indicating that they were virulent for pigs. The next most common pilus type was …

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The Optimal True Ileal Digestible Lysine Requirement For Nursery Pigs Between 27 To 44 Lb (2002), B W. James, C W. Hastad, K R. Lawrence, J L. Usry, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2002

The Optimal True Ileal Digestible Lysine Requirement For Nursery Pigs Between 27 To 44 Lb (2002), B W. James, C W. Hastad, K R. Lawrence, J L. Usry, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A 20-d growth assay was conducted to determine the appropriate true ileal digestible lysine requirement to maximize growth performance of pigs between 27 to 44 lb. The basal diet (1.0% true ileal digestible lysine; 20.1% CP) was corn-soybean meal-based and was formulated to contain 3% added fat. Sand was substituted with L-lysineâ‹…HCl to form the other treatment diets (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, and 1.4% true ileal digestible lysine). The positive control contained more soybean meal than the basal diet (44.2 vs. 32.2% of the diet) and no L-lysineâ‹…HCl to provide 1.3% true ileal digestible lysine. Growth performance improved (quadratic, P<0.04) with increasing true ileal digestible lysine and was maximized at 1.1% true ileal digestible lysine. Feed efficiency was better (quadratic, P<0.01) for pigs fed increasing true ileal digestible lysine and was best for pigs fed 1.3% true ileal digestible lysine. These results indicate that the true ileal digestible lysine requirement for the 27 to 44 lb pig is at least 1.1% for ADG and 1.3% for feed efficiency.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 14, 2002

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Evaluation Of Performance In Receiving Heifers Fed Different Sources Of Dietary Lipid, T.B. Farran, H.J. Labrune, Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, C.M. Coetzer, R.D. Hunter, James J. Higgins, James S. Drouillard, Dale A. Blasi Jan 2002

Evaluation Of Performance In Receiving Heifers Fed Different Sources Of Dietary Lipid, T.B. Farran, H.J. Labrune, Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, C.M. Coetzer, R.D. Hunter, James J. Higgins, James S. Drouillard, Dale A. Blasi

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two 35-day receiving experiments were conducted using 668 highly stressed crossbred beef heifers to evaluate differences in growth performance, morbidity, and mortality when fed diets containing differing sources of dietary lipid. Heifers received diets containing beef tallow, tallow enriched with a microalgae product containing a high proportion of docosahexaenoic acid (an omega-3 fatty acid), full-fat soybeans, or ground flaxseed. All diets contained approximately 60% concentrate and 40% roughage (alfalfa hay). Feed intake, daily gain, and feed efficiency were poorer (P<0.05) for cattle fed full-fat soybeans than for those fed the other treatments. Feed intake tended to be reduced when micro-algae was top-dressed to the diet, but gain was not negatively impacted. In Trial 2, feed efficiency was improved by the micro-algae. No notable differences among treatments were evident in the percentage of cattle treated for bovine respiratory disease, but cattle fed flaxseed tended to respond better to therapeutic treatments, requiring fewer retreatments.

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Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Steers Fed Dried, Full-Fat Corn Germ, T.J. Kessen, M.J. Sulpizio, M.F. Spire, R.T. Ethington, James S. Drouillard Jan 2002

Performance And Carcass Characteristics Of Finishing Steers Fed Dried, Full-Fat Corn Germ, T.J. Kessen, M.J. Sulpizio, M.F. Spire, R.T. Ethington, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three hundred and fifty-eight crossbred beef steers (average initial weight 701 lb) were fed finishing diets containing 0, 5, 10, or 15% full-fat corn germ to evaluate effects on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Steers were placed into dirt-surfaced feedlot pens (12 to 16 head each) in December 2000 with a total of six pens per diet. Average daily gains during the 155-day finishing period were 2.83, 2.99, 3.01 and 2.93 lb/day for cattle fed 0, 5, 10, and 15% corn germ, respectively. Dry matter intakes decreased linearly (P<0.05) with increasing concentrations of full-fat corn germ in the diet. Relative to cattle fed no corn germ, efficiencies were improved by 8, 11, and 9% for cattle fed 5, 10, or 15% germ, respectively. Feeding corn germ also reduced the incidence of liver abscesses (P<0.05) compared to cattle fed the control diet. Dried, full-fat corn germ can be used successfully in cattle finishing diets to increase energy density and animal performance.

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Dakota Gold®-Brand Dried Distiller’S Grains With Solubles: Effects On Finishing Performance And Carcass Characteristics, C.M. Gordon, J. Gosch, J.J. Sindt, Sean P. Montgomery, J.N. Pike, T.J. Kessen, M.J. Sulpizio, M.F. Spire, James J. Higgins, James S. Drouillard Jan 2002

Dakota Gold®-Brand Dried Distiller’S Grains With Solubles: Effects On Finishing Performance And Carcass Characteristics, C.M. Gordon, J. Gosch, J.J. Sindt, Sean P. Montgomery, J.N. Pike, T.J. Kessen, M.J. Sulpizio, M.F. Spire, James J. Higgins, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A 153-day trial was conducted using 345 heifers to determine optimal level of Dakota Gold dried distiller's grains with solubles (DDGS) in finishing diets based on steam-flaked corn. Diets contained six levels of DDGS: 0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, 60%, and 75%. DDGS affected average daily gain, final weight and hot carcass weight, all of which increased with 15% DDGS and then decreased as additional DDGS was added. Growth performance of heifers fed 30% DDGS was similar to those fed no DDGS. In general, heifers were overfinished, with 61% being Yield Grade 3 or greater and 83% grading Choice or Prime. …

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Effect Of Methionine Supplementation On Methionine Metabolism In Growing Cattle, B.D. Lambert, C.A. Löest, Evan C. Titgemeyer Jan 2002

Effect Of Methionine Supplementation On Methionine Metabolism In Growing Cattle, B.D. Lambert, C.A. Löest, Evan C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Methionine is often the first limiting amino acid for growing cattle. This study was conducted to determine how methionine metabolism is regulated in the liver of growing steers. Six ruminally cannulated steers were used in a replicated 3 x 3 Latin square experiment. Either 0, 5, or 10 g/day L-methionine was infused into the abomasum. These treatments were designed to be deficient, adequate, and in excess of the steers' requirements for methionine. Methionine supplementation linearly increased protein deposition and decreased the activity of methionine synthase (a methionine conserving enzyme). However, it had little effect on activity of cystathionine synthase (an …

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Prevalence Of Mycoplasma Bovis In Bovine Pneumonia And Arthritis, T. Yeary, Jerome C. Nietfeld Jan 2002

Prevalence Of Mycoplasma Bovis In Bovine Pneumonia And Arthritis, T. Yeary, Jerome C. Nietfeld

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Samples from cattle with pneumonia and/or arthritis were cultured for Mycoplasma. When requested, the Mycoplasma isolates were further identified to species by polymerase chain reaction or restriction fragment length polymorphism. The records of all cases where mycoplasma testing was performed were examined and other infectious agents known to cause pneumonia or arthritis were recorded. Mycoplasma species were isolated from 85% of the lung samples and 69% of the joint samples. Eighty-four percent of the 81 Mycoplasma isolates that were further identified were M. bovis, which clearly made it the most common pathogenic agent identified in samples from cattle with pneumonia …

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Determining The Influence Of Different Levels Of Urea Supplementation When Beef Cows Grazing Winter Pasture Are Supplemented At Different Frequencies During The Prepartum Period, C.G. Farmer, R.C. Cochran, T.A. Wickersham Jan 2002

Determining The Influence Of Different Levels Of Urea Supplementation When Beef Cows Grazing Winter Pasture Are Supplemented At Different Frequencies During The Prepartum Period, C.G. Farmer, R.C. Cochran, T.A. Wickersham

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred sixty spring-calving Hereford x Angus cows grazing low-quality, tallgrass-prairie range during the winter of 2000-2001 were supplemented before calving either daily or three times weekly. The supplement contained 40% CP with 0, 15, 30, or 45% of the supplemental degradable intake protein from urea. Supplement was fed at 4 lbs/head daily to cows receiving supplement daily. Cows receiving supplement three times weekly were fed the same amount of weekly supplement, but split equally among their supplementation events. After calving, all cows received a supplement without urea on a daily basis. In general, prepartum supplements that contained more urea …

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Seasonal Forage Quality Of Rangelands Across Kansas, Keith R. Harmoney, Sandra K. Johnson, R. Cochran, E. Vanzant, Jeffrey J. Wilson, D. Yauk, Michael S. Holder, B. Allen, Warren W. Bell, H. Jansonius Jan 2002

Seasonal Forage Quality Of Rangelands Across Kansas, Keith R. Harmoney, Sandra K. Johnson, R. Cochran, E. Vanzant, Jeffrey J. Wilson, D. Yauk, Michael S. Holder, B. Allen, Warren W. Bell, H. Jansonius

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The K-State Research and Extension Forage Task Force surveyed Kansas rangelands during the course of seasonal changes to enable producers and managers to better estimate the feed value of their pasture forage during particular times of the year. Kansas' two distinct rangeland vegetation types, shortgrass and tallgrass prairie, were evaluated. Forage samples were collected monthly from two rangeland sites in each of 10 Kansas counties. Tallgrass vegetation was lowest in acid detergent fiber (ADF) and greatest in crude protein (CP) from May to July, and rapidly increased in ADF and declined in CP the rest of the season. Shortgrass vegetation …

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Validation Of A Steam Based Post-Process Pasteurization System For Control Of Listeria Monocytogenes In Ready-To-Eat Roast Beef, V.S. Gill, H. Thippareddi, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner Jan 2002

Validation Of A Steam Based Post-Process Pasteurization System For Control Of Listeria Monocytogenes In Ready-To-Eat Roast Beef, V.S. Gill, H. Thippareddi, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Listeria monocytogenes has been implicated in outbreaks of illness involving ready-to-eat (RTE) meat products, prompting researchers to look into intervention technologies to reduce or eliminate this risk. In our study roast beef was inoculated with a 5-strain cocktail of Listeria monocytogenes, vacuum-packaged, and then pasteurized at 205°F for 0, 2, 3 or 4 min in a Stork RMS-Protecon Post-Process Pasteurization System. More bacteria were killed as pasteurization time increased. Initial inoculum level was 5.8 log10 CFU/cm2 of product surface area. Pasteurization for 2 min resulted in 2.5 to 2.7 log10 CFU/cm2 reductions. Similar reductions were seen at 3 min. At …

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Steam Based Post-Process Pasteurization Of Beef Salami For Control Of Listeria Monocytogenes, V.S. Gill, H. Thippareddi, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner Jan 2002

Steam Based Post-Process Pasteurization Of Beef Salami For Control Of Listeria Monocytogenes, V.S. Gill, H. Thippareddi, Randall K. Phebus, James L. Marsden, Curtis L. Kastner

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We evaluated the destruction of Listeria monocytogenes on surfaces of artificially inoculated, vacuum-packaged beef salami by steam pasteurization (Stork RMA-Protecon Post-process Pasteurizer). Beef salami was inoculated with L. monocytogenes (initial concentrations of 4.36 log10 CFU/cm2 at the end and 4.49 at the middle), then pasteurized at 185, 194, or 203°F for 2 or 4 min. Only about 0.11 log10 CFU/cm2 (detection limit) L. monocytogenes survived after pasteurization at 203°F for 2 and 4 min, for a "kill rate" of over 99.99%. Post-packaging pasteurization reduces the threat of L. monocytogenes on the surfaces of cooked meat products.

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The Effect Of Dakota Gold®-Brand Dried Distiller’S Grains With Solubles Of Varying Levels On Sensory And Color Characteristics Of Ribeye Steaks, C.M. Gordon, K.A. Hachmeister, James J. Higgins, A.L. Reicks, James S. Drouillard, Randall K. Phebus, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 2002

The Effect Of Dakota Gold®-Brand Dried Distiller’S Grains With Solubles Of Varying Levels On Sensory And Color Characteristics Of Ribeye Steaks, C.M. Gordon, K.A. Hachmeister, James J. Higgins, A.L. Reicks, James S. Drouillard, Randall K. Phebus, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We evaluated the effect of varying levels of Dakota Gold-brand dried distiller's grains with solubles (DDGS) on meat quality characteristics including sensory traits and display color stability. Rib cuts from heifers from a 153-day feeding trial were selected randomly so that each level of DDGS had 10 steaks in a seven-day retail display color study, and 10 steaks that were cooked for evaluation by a trained sensory panel. Color reflectance value L* (lightness) exhibited an interaction (P<0.05) between diet and day, as well as a quadratic effect (P<0.05). Diet had no effect on a* (redness) or b* (yellowness) values, but a* and b* for all treatments decreased with longer display (P<0.05). A trained sensory panel detected small but significant (P<0.05) linear improvements in myofibrillar tenderness and overall tenderness as DDGS increased. The effect on sensory traits or display color stability were too small to warrant the feeding of DDGS to improve these traits.

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