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Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

2001

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Articles 61 - 85 of 85

Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Addition Of Urea To Finishing Cattle Diets Containing Steam-Flaked Corn And Wet Corn Gluten Feed, Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, T.B. Farran, N.J. Pike, C.M. Coetzer, H.J. Labrune, A.M. Trater, R.D. Hunter, R.A. Stock, James S. Drouillard Jan 2001

Addition Of Urea To Finishing Cattle Diets Containing Steam-Flaked Corn And Wet Corn Gluten Feed, Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, T.B. Farran, N.J. Pike, C.M. Coetzer, H.J. Labrune, A.M. Trater, R.D. Hunter, R.A. Stock, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three hundred thirty-nine crossbred beef heifers were used in a 74-day finishing study to evaluate effects of adding 0.5% urea to finishing diets containing steam-flaked corn and 34% (dry basis) Sweet Bran® wet corn gluten feed (WCGF). Diets were fed once daily ad libitum. Urea addition tended (P<0.06) to increase finishing average daily gain, to improve (P<0.12) feed efficiency, and to increase (P<0.06) fat thickness. Heifers fed urea had a lower percentage (P<0.03) of carcasses grading USDA Choice. This study suggests that finishing diets containing a combination of steam-flaked corn and WCGF may benefit from addition of urea as a source of supplemental ruminally available nitrogen.

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Evaluation Of Ralgro® On Pasture And Subsequent Feedlot Performance And Carcass Merit Of Mexican Crossbred Steers, S.I. Paisley, Gerry L. Kuhl, James J. Higgins, G.L. Huck, T.B. Farran, J.J. Sindt, Sean P. Montgomery, C. Birkelo, Dale A. Blasi, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 2001

Evaluation Of Ralgro® On Pasture And Subsequent Feedlot Performance And Carcass Merit Of Mexican Crossbred Steers, S.I. Paisley, Gerry L. Kuhl, James J. Higgins, G.L. Huck, T.B. Farran, J.J. Sindt, Sean P. Montgomery, C. Birkelo, Dale A. Blasi, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A pasture/feedlot field study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a single Ralgro® implant during the stocker phase on steer grazing performance and subsequent feedlot performance and carcass merit. A total of 2,764 steers of Mexican origin averaging 449 lb were assembled in Texas and shipped to Kansas, where they grazed on three intensively-early-stocked Flint Hills pastures. At initial processing, the steers were individually weighed and randomly assigned to either a non-implanted control group or a Ralgro implant group. Ralgro steers gained more (23 lb; P<0.01) than controls during the 82- to 93-day grazing phase. Following the grazing phase, all steers were shipped to a commercial feedlot in southwestern Kansas where steers from each pasture were individually weighed and given a single Component E-S® implant. Immediately after processing, steers from each pasture were sorted into either a light- or heavy-weight pen, regardless of pasture implant treatment, resulting in six feedlot pens. Days on feed ranged from 127 to 197. Control steers gained faster (P<0.01) during the feedlot phase; however, Ralgro steers had higher cumulative weight gains across the combined pasture and feedlot phases (P<0.01) and averaged three fewer days on feed (P<0.05). There were no significant differences for marbling, fat thickness, ribeye area, KPH fat, or yield grade. Ralgro steers had lower (P<0.05) quality grades because of a higher incidence (P<0.001) of steers with B and C carcass maturities.

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Tenderness And Cooking Characteristics Of Beef Cooked By Electric Belt Grill, Forced-Air Convection Oven, Or Electric Broiler, T.E. Lawrence, D.A. King, E. Obuz, E.J. Yancey, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 2001

Tenderness And Cooking Characteristics Of Beef Cooked By Electric Belt Grill, Forced-Air Convection Oven, Or Electric Broiler, T.E. Lawrence, D.A. King, E. Obuz, E.J. Yancey, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We used an electric belt grill, a forced-air convection oven, and an electric broiler to cook 170 bottom round, 142 brisket, 177 top sirloin, 176 strip loin, and 136 eye of round steaks from USDA Select carcasses to determine the effects of cooking method and muscle on shear force values, cooking traits, and repeatability of duplicate measurements. All cooking treatments allowed differences to be detected (P<0.05) in Warner-Bratzler shear force, although the differences were inconsistent. Shear force values of strip steaks and eye of round steaks were similar across cooking treatments; however, shear force values of bottom round, brisket, and top sirloin steaks were different (P<0.05) among cooking treatments. Based on poor repeatability, shear force values for top sirloin steaks appear unreliable. Poor repeatability for shear force values from steaks cooked by the forced-air convection oven are a result of drastic temperature changes that occur when the doors are opened to remove steaks. We do not recommend using a forced-air convection oven to test treatment effects on shear force values when cooking multiple steaks simultaneously. Belt grill cooking resulted in the highest shear force repeatability R = 0.07 to 0.89) of strip steaks. Electric broiling resulted in acceptable R = 0.60) repeatability of shear force measurements for all classes of steaks. The electric broiler and electric belt grill are both satisfactory cooking methods when measuring shear force of bottom round, brisket, strip loin, and eye of round steaks.

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Temperature Accuracy Of An Electric Belt Grill, A Forced-Air Convection Oven, And An Electric Broiler, T.E. Lawrence, D.A. King, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 2001

Temperature Accuracy Of An Electric Belt Grill, A Forced-Air Convection Oven, And An Electric Broiler, T.E. Lawrence, D.A. King, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We evaluated the temperature variation of an electric belt grill set at four temperatures, a forced-air convection oven set at three temperatures, and an electric broiler that has no temperature control. After finding that the actual temperatures of the electric belt grill and the forced-air convection oven were higher than the targeted temperature, we used regression techniques to correct for the temperature biases of both cooking methods. The forced-air convection oven was very precise when the doors were kept closed, as was the electric belt grill after adjustments were made. Temperature of the electric broiler was not consistent across surface …

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Genetic Relationships Among Breeding Soundness Traits In Yearling Bulls, R.A. Christmas, M.F. Spire, J.M. Sargeant, Sharon K. Tucker, Daniel W. Moser Jan 2001

Genetic Relationships Among Breeding Soundness Traits In Yearling Bulls, R.A. Christmas, M.F. Spire, J.M. Sargeant, Sharon K. Tucker, Daniel W. Moser

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Breeding soundness examination data on over 1,200 yearling Angus bulls were analyzed to determine heritability of and genetic relationships among breeding soundness traits. Breeding soundness exam procedures were consistent with those currently recommended by the Society of Theriogenology. Presence of seminal white blood cells (an indicator of seminal vesiculitis), penile warts and persistent frenulums were noted and recorded. Data were adjusted for age at measurement and contemporary group effects. Heritability was high for scrotal circumference, moderate for percentage of abnormalities, low for sperm motility, and near zero for semen white blood cells, persistent frenulum, and penile warts. Genetic correlations between …

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Carcass Merit Traits: Development Of Epds For Warner-Bratzler Shear Force And Dna Marker Validation, E.J. Pollak, R.J. Lipsey, E.A. Westcott, Michael E. Dikeman, Sally L. Stroda Jan 2001

Carcass Merit Traits: Development Of Epds For Warner-Bratzler Shear Force And Dna Marker Validation, E.J. Pollak, R.J. Lipsey, E.A. Westcott, Michael E. Dikeman, Sally L. Stroda

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Warner-Bratzler shear force data on strip loin steaks were obtained on 761 steers from contemporary groups of progeny from the most popular 38 Simmental sires, and 133 steers from nine Simbrah sires. The range for Warner-Bratzler shear force EPDs for the Simmental sires was from -0.51 lb (more tender) to +0.48 lb (less tender). The range in EPDs for the Simbrah sires was from -0.73 to +0.73 lb. In addition, DNA analyses and screening have been completed for 11 quantitative trait loci on several Simmental and Simbrah sires. Information from this project should allow cattle producers to improve carcass traits, …

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Short-Term Feeding Of Mga To Postpartum Cows Prior To The Breeding Season, J.F. Gleghorn, T.T. Marston, L.E. Wankel Jan 2001

Short-Term Feeding Of Mga To Postpartum Cows Prior To The Breeding Season, J.F. Gleghorn, T.T. Marston, L.E. Wankel

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A protocol to make anestrous cows more likely to cycle prior to estrous synchronization would greatly enhance reproductive efficiency. Ease of application, availability, and low cost make feeding melengestrol acetate (MGA) a good choice in such a protocol. MGA, used as a progestin "primer," has no detrimental effects on cows that are already cycling and reduces the number of cows expressing short cycles.

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Heat Penetration Patterns Of Outside Round, Loin Strip And Eye Round Muscles Cooked By Electric Broiler, Electric Belt Grill, Or Forced-Air Convection Oven, E. Obuz, E.J. Yancey, T.E. Lawrence, D.A. King, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 2001

Heat Penetration Patterns Of Outside Round, Loin Strip And Eye Round Muscles Cooked By Electric Broiler, Electric Belt Grill, Or Forced-Air Convection Oven, E. Obuz, E.J. Yancey, T.E. Lawrence, D.A. King, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

We used an electric belt grill, a forced air convection oven, and an electric broiler to cook steaks from three beef muscles; outside round (biceps femoris), loin strip (longissimus lumborum) and eye round (semitendinosus). Belt grill cookery gave the fastest heat penetration into steaks regardless of temperature interval. Eye round had the slowest heat transfer rate for each cooking method perhaps partially explained by its fiber orientation. Heat penetration rate into outside round and loin strip was not different (P>0.05) for cooking method within a given temperature range. Heat penetration into muscles between 140 and 158°F was slowest because …

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Influences Of Aging On Tenderness And Color Of Beef Steaks, R.R. Timm, K.A. Hachmeister, L.M. Sammel, A.E. Rasor, John A. Unruh, Sally L. Stroda Jan 2001

Influences Of Aging On Tenderness And Color Of Beef Steaks, R.R. Timm, K.A. Hachmeister, L.M. Sammel, A.E. Rasor, John A. Unruh, Sally L. Stroda

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Aging loin strip, bottom, and eye of round steaks for 21 days decreased Warner- Bratzler Shear (WBS) values (increased tenderness). For the top round, aged semimembranosus muscle steaks tended to have lower WBS values (more tender) than nonaged steaks, while aged adductor steaks were similar to non-aged steaks. Furthermore, instrumental L* color values were higher (lighter) for aged strip and eye of round steaks than non-aged steaks, and instrumental a* color values were higher (redder) for aged bottom round, eye of round, and top round (semimembranosus) steaks than nonaged steaks. Aging steaks is effective for improving tenderness and color of …

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Alfalfa Hay And Wet Corn Gluten Feed Levels In Steam-Flaked Corn Finishing Diets, J.J. Sindt, J.N. Pike, Sean P. Montgomery, C.M. Coetzer, T.B. Farran, T.J. Kessen, R.T. Ethington, James S. Drouillard Jan 2001

Alfalfa Hay And Wet Corn Gluten Feed Levels In Steam-Flaked Corn Finishing Diets, J.J. Sindt, J.N. Pike, Sean P. Montgomery, C.M. Coetzer, T.B. Farran, T.J. Kessen, R.T. Ethington, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A 153-day finishing experiment was conducted using 631 heifers to determine optimum alfalfa hay and wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) combinations in steam-flaked, corn-based diets. Diets contained either 2 or 6% alfalfa hay and 25, 35, or 45% WCGF (dry basis). Performance was similar (P>0.16) for cattle fed 2 or 6% alfalfa hay. Gain efficiencies (P<0.05) and fat thickness (P<0.10) declined linearly with increasing amounts of WCGF. For heifers fed 2% alfalfa hay, ribeye area increased with increasing dietary WCGF. However for heifers fed 6% alfalfa hay, ribeye area decreased with increasing dietary WCGF. Liver abscesses were lowest for heifers fed 35% WCGF. Alfalfa hay fed at 2% of diet dry matter is sufficient for steam-flaked corn diets containing 25, 35 or 45% WCGF.

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Effects Of Vascular Infusion With A Solution Of Sugars, Sodium Chloride, And Phosphates Plus Vitamins C, E, Or C+E On Display Color, E.J. Yancey, Melvin C. Hunt, P.B. Addis, E. Katsanidis, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 2001

Effects Of Vascular Infusion With A Solution Of Sugars, Sodium Chloride, And Phosphates Plus Vitamins C, E, Or C+E On Display Color, E.J. Yancey, Melvin C. Hunt, P.B. Addis, E. Katsanidis, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three groups of 12 (n=36) grain-finished, crossbred Charolais steers were humanely slaughtered, and nine in each group were infused via the carotid artery with an aqueous solution of sugars, sodium chloride, and phosphates plus either vitamin C, E, or C plus E. Three in each group served as noninfused controls. Vascular infusion improved redness of longissimus thoracis (ribeye) muscles at 24 hours postmortem, but had little effect on display color stability for steaks. Vascular infusion with the solutions containing vitamin E improved color panel visual evaluations of ground beef at 4 days simulated retail display.

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Evaluation Of Southwestern Kansas Native Grasses, T.T. Marston, D.O. Yauk Jan 2001

Evaluation Of Southwestern Kansas Native Grasses, T.T. Marston, D.O. Yauk

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Native grass samples were collected monthly for five years and analyzed for nutrient content. Crude protein and ADF content indicate that grass quality is highest in May and June, then steadily declines until October. Stocker operators may need to begin protein supplementation as early as July to sustain weight gains. Trace mineral values were erratic from year to year and month to month between and within years, indicating that trace mineral supplementation should probably be maintained throughout the grazing season.

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Ovulation Synchronization With Progestins Prior To A Cosynch Protocol In Beef Cows, M.A. Medina-Britos, A.M. Richardson, G.C. Lamb, B.A. Hensley, T.J. Marple, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, Sandra K. Johnson Jan 2001

Ovulation Synchronization With Progestins Prior To A Cosynch Protocol In Beef Cows, M.A. Medina-Britos, A.M. Richardson, G.C. Lamb, B.A. Hensley, T.J. Marple, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, Sandra K. Johnson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A multi-location study was conducted using suckled beef cows in Minnesota and Kansas to test the benefit of adding a source of progestin to the Cosynch ovulation synchronization protocol (injections of GnRH, 7 days before and 48 hr after an injection of PGF2", with a fixed-time artificial insemination (AI) administered at the same time as the second GnRH injection). Feeding melengestrol acetate (MGA) for 14 days followed in 12 days by the Cosynch protocol was compared to the Cosynch protocol with the addition of a progesterone-impregnated insert (CIDR) placed in the vagina for 7 days concurrent with the first GnRH …

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Response Of Holstein Steers Fed A Soybean Hull-Based Diet To Amino Acid Supplementation When The Methionine Requirement Was Met, B.D. Lambert, C.A. Löest, Evan C. Titgemeyer Jan 2001

Response Of Holstein Steers Fed A Soybean Hull-Based Diet To Amino Acid Supplementation When The Methionine Requirement Was Met, B.D. Lambert, C.A. Löest, Evan C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A study was conducted to determine the response to amino acid supplementation when the first limiting amino acid (methionine) was provided in excess. Three ruminally cannulated Holstein steer calves (281 lb) were fed 4.8 lb of a soybean hullbased diet (87% soyhulls and 8% wheat straw) daily. Methionine is the first limiting amino acid on diets of this type, and all steers were abomasally infused with 10 g/day of methionine to ensure that this requirement was met. Treatments consisted of increasing amounts (100, 250, or 400 g/day) of an amino acid mixture supplied abomasally. Calves received decreasing amounts of supplemental …

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Performance Of Beef Heifers Limit-Fed Growing Diets Containing Alfalfa Hay And Wet Corn Gluten Feed, Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, T.B. Farran, N.J. Pike, C.M. Coetzer, H.J. Labrune, A.M. Trater, R.D. Hunter, R.A. Stock, James S. Drouillard Jan 2001

Performance Of Beef Heifers Limit-Fed Growing Diets Containing Alfalfa Hay And Wet Corn Gluten Feed, Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, T.B. Farran, N.J. Pike, C.M. Coetzer, H.J. Labrune, A.M. Trater, R.D. Hunter, R.A. Stock, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Three hundred thirty-nine crossbred beef heifers were used in a 99-day growing study to identify optimum combinations of alfalfa hay and wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) in limit-fed growing diets. Diets contained 10, 20, or 30% ground alfalfa hay, and 0, 40, or 68% Sweet Bran® WCGF (dry basis) in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. An interaction occurred (P<0.05) between level of alfalfa hay and level of WCGF for both average daily gain and feed efficiency. Increasing the levels of alfalfa hay or WCGF reduced cattle performance, with the exception of the 30% alfalfa hay and 40% WCGF diet, which supported average daily gains similar (P>0.10) to diets containing 20 or 30% alfalfa hay and no WCGF. Feed efficiencies for the 30% alfalfa hay and 40% WCGF diet were better (P<0.05) than the diet containing 30% alfalfa hay and no WCGF. Dry matter intake as measured two hours after feeding increased linearly (P<0.01) with increasing levels of alfalfa hay, and decreased linearly (P<0.01) with increasing levels of WCGF. This study suggests that including WCGF at 40% of the diet (dry basis) can effectively replace steam-flaked corn in limit-fed diets containing 20 or 30% alfalfa hay.

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Using A Mixture Of Cottonseed Hulls And Cottonseed Meal To Replace Alfalfa Hay In Diets For Stressed Feeder Calves, T.B. Farran, R.D. Hunter, Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, Dale A. Blasi, James S. Drouillard Jan 2001

Using A Mixture Of Cottonseed Hulls And Cottonseed Meal To Replace Alfalfa Hay In Diets For Stressed Feeder Calves, T.B. Farran, R.D. Hunter, Sean P. Montgomery, J.J. Sindt, Dale A. Blasi, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One 28-day receiving experiment was conducted using 625 exotic x British cross heifers to evaluate growth performance and morbidity on receiving diets that contained either alfalfa hay or a pellet composed of 65% cottonseed hulls and 35% cottonseed meal as the roughage source. Heifers fed the cotton byproduct pellet consumed more feed (P<0.01) but tended to be less efficient than those fed alfalfa hay. Daily gain was comparable between diets (P>0.05), and the percentages of heifers diagnosed, treated, or retreated for respiratory disease were similar.

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Influence Of Different Equipment Protocols On Particle Size Determination Of Ground Corn (2001), J C. Woodworth, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2001

Influence Of Different Equipment Protocols On Particle Size Determination Of Ground Corn (2001), J C. Woodworth, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two experiments were conducted to determine the influence of the tapping bar and sieve agitators (balls and brushes) on determining mean particle size and standard deviation of ground corn. Tapping bar had no influence (P>0.10) on mean and standard deviation; however the presence of balls and brushes on sieves decreased (P<0.002) mean particle size and increased (P<0.0001) standard deviation. These results suggest that balls and brushes should be used when determining mean particle size to assist particle flowability. More research should be conducted to determine the effects of the tapping bar and sieve agitators over a wider range of particle sizes.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 15, 2001

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Influence Of Dietary Niacin On Starter Pig Performance (2001), D E. Real, B W. James, E Alonso, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2001

Influence Of Dietary Niacin On Starter Pig Performance (2001), D E. Real, B W. James, E Alonso, Jim L. Nelssen, Michael D. Tokach, Robert D. Goodband, Joel M. Derouchey, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two experiments were conducted using 415 weanling pigs (175 in Exp. 1, 240 in Exp. 2) to determine the influence of dietary niacin inclusion on starter pig performance. Pigs were fed a control diet with no added niacin or the control diet with 25, 50, 75 or 100 g/ton of added niacin. From d 0 to 8, increasing dietary niacin increased ADG and ADFI up to 50 g/ton of added niacin. Overall, pigs fed increasing levels of niacin tended to have improved ADG. These results suggest feeding 50 g/ton of added dietary niacin to complex nursery pig diets to improve …

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Comparison Of Edible Grade Whey, Granular Whey, And Dairylac 80 As Lactose Sources For Nursery Pig Diets (2001), J C. Woodworth, B W. James, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz Jan 2001

Comparison Of Edible Grade Whey, Granular Whey, And Dairylac 80 As Lactose Sources For Nursery Pig Diets (2001), J C. Woodworth, B W. James, Joel M. Derouchey, Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Robert D. Goodband, Steven S. Dritz

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two hundred ten weanling pigs (initially 12.4 lb and 18 ± 2 d of age) were used in a 14-d growth assay to determine the influence of various lactose sources and levels on nursery pig performance. From d 0 to 14, the mean ADG and ADFI of pigs fed additional lactose, regardless of source, was greater and tended to be greater compared to those fed no supplemental lactose. Pigs fed edible grade whey had increased ADFI and tended to have increased ADG as lactose increased from 9 to 18%. When Dairylac 80 or granular whey was included in the diet, …

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Effect Of Headlocks On Milk Production And Feed Intake Of Dairy Cattle, John F. Smith, Joseph P. Harner, S.E. Defrain, Michael J. Brouk Jan 2001

Effect Of Headlocks On Milk Production And Feed Intake Of Dairy Cattle, John F. Smith, Joseph P. Harner, S.E. Defrain, Michael J. Brouk

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Cows previously trained with headlocks did not increase milk production or feed intake when headlocks were removed. Twoyear- old and older cows did not differ in response to headlocks and neckrails. Prudent use of headlocks increases labor efficiency of a commercial dairy. Managing a dairy without headlocks is a challenge because cows must be sorted and worked off the milking parlor flow. In the case of large milking parlors, it may be necessary to process 50-200 cows per hour. Depending upon the treatment facilities, this number of cows may create a bottleneck in the dairy. For many routine procedures, headlocks …

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Fertility After Synchronization Of Estrus In Dairy Heifers Using Gnrh, Pgf2Α, And Progesterone (Cidr), A.M. Richardson, B.A. Hensley, Jeffrey S. Stevenson Jan 2001

Fertility After Synchronization Of Estrus In Dairy Heifers Using Gnrh, Pgf2Α, And Progesterone (Cidr), A.M. Richardson, B.A. Hensley, Jeffrey S. Stevenson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Our objective was to determine fertility of heifers after synchronization of estrus using PGF2", preceded by progesterone, GnRH, or both. Dairy heifers (n = 246) were assigned randomly to three treatments: 1) 50 :g of GnRH given 6 d before 25 mg of PGF2 (d "“1) plus a used intravaginal progesteronereleasing insert (CIDR-B; d "“7 to 0; CIDR+GnRH); 2) same as CIDR+GnRH without the GnRH (CIDR); and 3) same as CIDR+GnRH without the used CIDR (GnRH). All heifers were fitted with Heat- Watch® patches and characteristics of estrus examined before AI included duration of estrus, number of standing events, and …

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Bacterial Degradation Of Milk Components Is Affected By Storage Temperature And Time, S. Zimmerman, I.J. Jeon, L. Mcvay, E. Ferdinand Jan 2001

Bacterial Degradation Of Milk Components Is Affected By Storage Temperature And Time, S. Zimmerman, I.J. Jeon, L. Mcvay, E. Ferdinand

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Raw milk is an excellent medium for bacterial growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the number of microbes and component degradation in raw milk. Milk fat content did not affect bacteria counts. As storage temperature or time increased, greater numbers of bacteria were present. In this study, milk protein was degraded preferentially over lactose or milk fat. As the milk storage temperature increased from 39 to 45°F, protein degradation became more pronounced. Milk fat remained relatively stable, though some degradation products were observed, especially after 4 days of storage at 39°F. Both milk fat and protein degradation …

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Drinking Water Requirements For Lactating Dairy Cows, John F. Smith, Joseph P. Harner, S.R. Defrain, Michael J. Brouk Jan 2001

Drinking Water Requirements For Lactating Dairy Cows, John F. Smith, Joseph P. Harner, S.R. Defrain, Michael J. Brouk

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A study to determine the amount and location of water consumption in dairy freestall barns located in northeastern Kansas was conducted during the summer of 2000. Three farms, two Holstein farms with either 2-row or 4-row freestall barns and one Jersey farm with 4-row freestall buildings, were used. Summer water usage averaged 30 to 40 gallons per Holstein cow/day and 20 to 40 gallons/cow/day for Jersey cows depending on age and stage of lactation. The farms with Holstein cows had a water usage ratio of 4 to 4.5 lb of water per lb of milk produced and Jersey cows required …

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Effect Of Fan Placement On Milk Production And Dry Matter Intake Of Lactating Dairy Cows Housed In A 4-Row Freestall Barn, John F. Smith, Joseph P. Harner, S.E. Defrain, Michael J. Brouk Jan 2001

Effect Of Fan Placement On Milk Production And Dry Matter Intake Of Lactating Dairy Cows Housed In A 4-Row Freestall Barn, John F. Smith, Joseph P. Harner, S.E. Defrain, Michael J. Brouk

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Heat stress reduces milk production, feed intake, and reproductive efficiency each summer in Kansas. Without heat abatement procedures, milk production may decline 20- 30% during the summer months. Research has shown that supplemental fan cooling in combination with low pressure feedline sprinklers can reduce the effects of heat stress on milk production and feed intake. One critical issue in heat stress abatement is the location of fans in a 4-row freestall barn. Research conducted during the summer of 2000 on a northeast Kansas dairy found that locating fans over both the feedline and head-to-head freestalls increased milk production 5.8 lb/cow/d …

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Performance Of Holstein Cows Fed Wet Corn Gluten Feed Or Soyhull-Steep Liquor Pellets During Early Lactation, E.E. Ferdinand, Evan C. Titgemeyer, A.F. Park, J.M. Defrain Jan 2001

Performance Of Holstein Cows Fed Wet Corn Gluten Feed Or Soyhull-Steep Liquor Pellets During Early Lactation, E.E. Ferdinand, Evan C. Titgemeyer, A.F. Park, J.M. Defrain

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Wet corn gluten feed and soyhull-steep liquor pellets tended to increase dry matter intake and milk yield. Combining condensed corn steep liquor with raw soybean hulls provides a convenient source of digestible fiber and rumen degradable protein.; Dairy Day, 2001, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 2001;

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