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Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

1999

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Articles 91 - 113 of 113

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Using The Ovsynch Protocol For Prompt Re-Insemination Of Cows Diagnosed Open At Pregnancy Checks (1999), Jeffrey S. Stevenson Jan 1999

Using The Ovsynch Protocol For Prompt Re-Insemination Of Cows Diagnosed Open At Pregnancy Checks (1999), Jeffrey S. Stevenson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Using the Ovsynch protocol to prepare cows for re-insemination proved to be very effective. Its use guarantees that all cows found open at pregnancy diagnosis are reinseminated promptly within 10 days, and the average pregnancy rate of 28.7% in 136 cows was acceptable. Pregnancy rates were not different whether or not estrus was detected in cows at the timed insemination, but they tended to be greater at second services compared to other repeat services. The Ovsynch protocol is an effective tool to use to ensure prompt re-insemination of open cows.; Dairy Day, 1999, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 1999;

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Comparison Of Morbidity And Performance Among Stressed Feeder Calves Following Vaccination With Pyramid™ Mlv 4 Or Pyramid™ 4+Presponse® Sq, S. Ives, James S. Drouillard, David E. Anderson, Gerald L. Stokka, Gerry L. Kuhl Jan 1999

Comparison Of Morbidity And Performance Among Stressed Feeder Calves Following Vaccination With Pyramid™ Mlv 4 Or Pyramid™ 4+Presponse® Sq, S. Ives, James S. Drouillard, David E. Anderson, Gerald L. Stokka, Gerry L. Kuhl

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A study was conducted to compare performance, morbidity, retreatment percent, and mortality in stressed heifer calves during the receiving and growing phases after receiving either Pyramid™ MLV 4 or Pyramid™ 4+Presponse® SQ on arrival at a feedlot research facility. Vaccination with Pyramid 4+Presponse SQ (a 4-way viral modified live vaccine with a Pasteurella haemolytica bacterin-toxoid) tended to reduce the incidence of bovine respiratory disease (P=.2) and reduced retreatment rate (P<.06).

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Modeled, Multistage Convection Cooking Of Beef Semitendinosus Roasts To Denature Collagen And To Optimize Tenderness, T.H. Powell, Melvin C. Hunt, Michael E. Dikeman Jan 1999

Modeled, Multistage Convection Cooking Of Beef Semitendinosus Roasts To Denature Collagen And To Optimize Tenderness, T.H. Powell, Melvin C. Hunt, Michael E. Dikeman

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

In order to predict and establish cooking times and temperatures of beef to optimize tenderness and cooked yield, a computer model was developed utilizing heat and mass transfer theories. We cooked beef semitendinosus (eye of round) roasts in a forced-air convection oven using conventional or modeled, multistaged cooking. Conventional cooking was defined as cooking at 325EF to a core endpoint of 150EF. The model method was developed using a computer algorithm that predicted heat and moisture (mass) transfer during a three-stage cooking process that included preheating, holding, and finishing. The model was accurate in predicting actual cooking times and temperatures …

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Synchronizing Estrus In Replacement Beef Heifers Using Select Synch, Mga, And Pgf2, G.C. Lamb, J.A. Cartmill, B.A. Hensley, S. El-Zarkouny, J.S. Heldt, T.J. Marple, Jeffrey S. Stevenson Jan 1999

Synchronizing Estrus In Replacement Beef Heifers Using Select Synch, Mga, And Pgf2, G.C. Lamb, J.A. Cartmill, B.A. Hensley, S. El-Zarkouny, J.S. Heldt, T.J. Marple, Jeffrey S. Stevenson

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The Select Synch protocol (GnRH at day - 7, PGF2 at day 0, AI at detected heat) was compared to protocols using either MGA + prostaglandin (Colorado system) or two injections of prostaglandin to synchronize estrus in replacement heifers at three locations. Percentage of heifers detected in heat before, during, or after the target breeding week was not different among treatments but varied in percentages among locations. Overall conception rates ranged from 64 to 69%. Pregnancy rates varied from 46 to 56% and tended to be greatest in the MGA + PGF2" treatment. Costs of these treatments ranged from $3.50 …

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Prevalence Of Ocular Lesions In Cattle From A Kansas Sale Barn, H.J. Davidson, Gerald L. Stokka, Tom Taul Jan 1999

Prevalence Of Ocular Lesions In Cattle From A Kansas Sale Barn, H.J. Davidson, Gerald L. Stokka, Tom Taul

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

This cross-sectional evaluation of cattle from a sale barn was completed to identify the prevalence of ocular lesions. A total of 100 cattle (91 cows and 9 bulls) was examined as they were being processed through a Kansas sale barn. Ocular lesions were found in 47%. The most frequently identified lesions were corneal scars, found in 26%. Although the exact cause of the scars could not be determined, they were similar in appearance to scars caused by infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) or pinkeye. The second most common lesion was squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), identified in 14%. Cataracts were identified in …

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Feeding Raw Soybeans To Finishing Cattle, T.T. Marston, K.K. Kreikemeier, J.F. Gleghorn, G.L. Huck, T.J. Wistuba Jan 1999

Feeding Raw Soybeans To Finishing Cattle, T.T. Marston, K.K. Kreikemeier, J.F. Gleghorn, G.L. Huck, T.J. Wistuba

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two finishing trials were performed to determine if raw soybeans could be incorporated into diets to partially replace soybean meal and beef tallow. Our data indicated that no sacrifices in animal performance, feed efficiency, and carcass quality will occur if cattle feeders replace soybean meal and tallow with raw dryrolled soybeans. The feeding value of raw soybeans is equal to .8 times the value of 44% CP soybean meal plus .2 times the value of fancy bleachable tallow. Raw soybeans contain the enzyme, urease, which converts urea to ammonia. Therefore, caution should be used in mixing raw soybeans with urea-containing …

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Effects Of Grain Type On Growth And Performance Of Steers Limit-Fed Grain-Based Diets, R.D. Hunter, T. Nutsch, Evan C. Titgemeyer, James S. Drouillard Jan 1999

Effects Of Grain Type On Growth And Performance Of Steers Limit-Fed Grain-Based Diets, R.D. Hunter, T. Nutsch, Evan C. Titgemeyer, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Five hundred fifty two steers were used in a growth experiment designed to evaluate the use of grain sorghum in a limit-feeding program. Dry-rolled corn, dry-rolled grain sorghum, steam-flaked grain sorghum, or combinations of grains totaled 70% (dry matter basis) of the diet. Daily intakes were restricted to 2% of body weight (dry matter basis). Cattle were fed their assigned diet for 95 days followed by a 5- day period on a common diet to compensate for differences in gut fill. Steam-flaked grain sorghum and dry-rolled corn yielded similar gain efficiencies and average daily gains. Dry-rolled grain sorghum, however, had …

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Limiting Amino Acids For Growing Cattle Fed Diets Based On Soybean Hulls, H. Greenwood, C.A. Löest, Evan C. Titgemeyer Jan 1999

Limiting Amino Acids For Growing Cattle Fed Diets Based On Soybean Hulls, H. Greenwood, C.A. Löest, Evan C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Ruminally cannulated Holstein steers were used in three nitrogen balance experiments to determine the sequence of limiting amino acids for growing steers fed soybean hull-based diets. The steers in all experiments were fed the same basal diet (73% soybean hulls, 19% alfalfa, DM basis; formulated to minimize rumen undegradable intake protein and thus maximize microbial protein postruminally) and were given the same intraruminal infusions (400 grams per day acetate; to increase energy supply without increasing microbial protein supply). In experiment 1, treatments consisted of abomasal infusions of: water (control, no amino acids); Lmethionine; and a mixture of 10 essential amino …

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Estimates Of Heritabilities And Genetic Correlations In Polled Hereford Cattle Selected For Feed Conversion, J.B. Jr. Glaze, R.R. Schalles Jan 1999

Estimates Of Heritabilities And Genetic Correlations In Polled Hereford Cattle Selected For Feed Conversion, J.B. Jr. Glaze, R.R. Schalles

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Performance records of 1459 Polled Hereford cattle were analyzed to estimate heritabilities and genetic correlations of beef cattle traits from birth to maturity. Estimates of heritability (h2) for birth weight (BWT), weaning weight (WWT), yearling weight (YWT), scrotal circumference (SC), yearling height (YHT), mature height (MHT), and mature weight (MWT) were moderate to high, with the exception of WWT (h2 = .14), and ranged from .38 to .72. The traits associated with feed conversion, daily feed intake (INT), average daily gain (ADG), and feed conversion (CONV) had heritabilities of .24, .25, and .14, respectively. Genetic correlations (rg) between the growth …

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Comparative Value Of Dry-Rolled Corn, Distiller’S Dried Grains, And Wheat Middlings For Receiving Diets, S.E. Ives, D.W. Anderson, R.H. Wessels, James S. Drouillard Jan 1999

Comparative Value Of Dry-Rolled Corn, Distiller’S Dried Grains, And Wheat Middlings For Receiving Diets, S.E. Ives, D.W. Anderson, R.H. Wessels, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Two 28-day receiving experiments were conducted using 620 exotic x British cross steers to evaluate differences in growth performance, morbidity, and mortality when fed diets containing dry-rolled corn, distiller's dried grains with solubles, or wheat middlings. All diets contained approximately 60% concentrate and 40% roughage (alfalfa hay). Gain and efficiency tended to be poorer for cattle fed the wheat middling-based diet than for those fed corn. No notable differences were evident in terms of the percentage of cattle treated for respiratory disease. Feed intake and daily gain were improved slightly when corn was replaced by distiller's dried grains, but efficiency …

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Effects Of Supplementing Limit-Fed, Wheat Middling-Based Diets With Either Soybean Meal Or Non-Enzymatically Browned Soybean Meal On Growing Steer Performance, C.M. Coetzer, E. Coetzer, R.H. Wessels, James S. Drouillard Jan 1999

Effects Of Supplementing Limit-Fed, Wheat Middling-Based Diets With Either Soybean Meal Or Non-Enzymatically Browned Soybean Meal On Growing Steer Performance, C.M. Coetzer, E. Coetzer, R.H. Wessels, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Seventy two individually fed Angus x Hereford steers (660 lb) were limit-fed, 16.7% CP wheat middling-based diets with 1.9 or 3.8 percentage units of additional CP from either soybean meal (SBM) or non-enzymatically browned soybean meal (NEBSBM). A limitfed, rolled corn-based diet (16.7% CP) also was included. Steers were fed once daily for 70 days at 2.25% of BW. The SBM provided 30% bypass protein, and NEBSBM provided 68%. Average daily gain and efficiency improved linearly with increasing level of NEBSBM (P<.05; ADG=2.482 + .106 (increase in % CP); feed to gain=6.26 - .22(increase in % CP)), but not with increasing levels of SBM. Steers fed the wheat middling diets had lower ADG and efficiency than those fed the corn control diet. These data suggest that bypass protein may be first limiting in highconcentrate, limit-fed growing diets composed predominantly of wheat middlings.

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Effect Of Level Of Non-Enzymatically Browned Soybean Meal In Limit-Fed, Grain Sorghum Diets For Growing Heifers, R.D. Hunter, James S. Drouillard, Evan C. Titgemeyer Jan 1999

Effect Of Level Of Non-Enzymatically Browned Soybean Meal In Limit-Fed, Grain Sorghum Diets For Growing Heifers, R.D. Hunter, James S. Drouillard, Evan C. Titgemeyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Grain sorghum-based diets were fed in a limit-feeding trial involving 72 heifers for 100 days. Heifers were fed one of four diets designed to provide 12.5%, 14.9%, 17.3%, and 19.6% crude protein. Protein levels in the diets were altered by providing up to 20% of the diet as non-enzymatically browned soybean meal (Soypassâ) at the expense of dry-rolled grain sorghum. Performance of heifers (gain and feed efficiency) tended (P=.15) to improve linearly as protein concentration of the diets was increased. The greatest improvements were observed at concentrations up to 17.3%.

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Using Arsoy™ As A Protein Supplement In Growing Cattle Diets, T.T. Marston, K.K. Kreikemeier, L.E. Wankel, G.L. Huck, T.J. Wistuba Jan 1999

Using Arsoy™ As A Protein Supplement In Growing Cattle Diets, T.T. Marston, K.K. Kreikemeier, L.E. Wankel, G.L. Huck, T.J. Wistuba

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Arsoy™ Soybean Feed is a by-product from the manufacture of soy protein isolate. It contains nearly 30% crude protein, but there is little documentation about its feeding value. Therefore, we fed basal growing diets of corn silage and stover to 196 crossbred heifers and supplemented those diets with soybean meal, Arsoy, or a combination of soybean meal and high moisture corn to determine the feeding value of Arsoy. Our results suggest that Arsoy can be substituted for soybean meal in growing cattle diets, without any negative impact on animal performance, dry matter intake, or feed efficiency.

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Dehydrated Paunch And Vegetable By-Products For Growing Beef Cattle, T.A. Nutsch, R.D. Hunter, James S. Drouillard Jan 1999

Dehydrated Paunch And Vegetable By-Products For Growing Beef Cattle, T.A. Nutsch, R.D. Hunter, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Crossbred beef heifers (avg wt 653 lb) were used in a feeding experiment to determine the relative feed value of dried paunch content, two separate vegetable processing by-products, and combinations of by-products with dryrolled corn. Consumption of the vegetable byproduct diets, both of which contained a high percentage of fat, was less than expected. Performance of cattle fed the by-product diets was less than that of cattle fed high-energy diets comprised of corn. However, when combined with corn, the vegetable by-product yielded performance similar to that of corn alone.

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Performance Of Growing Heifers Fed Prairie Hay And Supplemented With Alfalfa And(Or) Cooked Molasses Blocks Of Different Protein Concentrations, D.J. Bindel, R.D. Hunter, T. Nutsch, Evan C. Titgemeyer, James S. Drouillard Jan 1999

Performance Of Growing Heifers Fed Prairie Hay And Supplemented With Alfalfa And(Or) Cooked Molasses Blocks Of Different Protein Concentrations, D.J. Bindel, R.D. Hunter, T. Nutsch, Evan C. Titgemeyer, James S. Drouillard

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Crossbred heifers (683 lb; n = 175; 30 pens) were used to evaluate alfalfa and cooked molasses block supplementation to prairie hay. Treatments were arranged in a 2x3 factorial with the factors being 0 or 5 lbs of alfalfa supplementation, and supplementation with no block or with low or high protein blocks (analyzed to contain 14.4 and 27.5% crude protein, respectively). Heifers had ad libitum access to prairie hay and salt. The experiment was 89 days, with heifers fed blocks for 84 days. During days 5 to 19, heifers had ad libitum access to blocks. Thereafter, access was restricted to …

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Effect Of Interseeding Legumes Into Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue Pastures On Forage Production And Steer Performance, Lyle W. Lomas, Joseph L. Moyer, Gary L. Kilgore Jan 1999

Effect Of Interseeding Legumes Into Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue Pastures On Forage Production And Steer Performance, Lyle W. Lomas, Joseph L. Moyer, Gary L. Kilgore

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 135 steers grazed high-endophyte tall fescue pasture interseeded with either lespedeza, red clover, or ladino clover during 1995, 1996, and 1997. Legume cover, forage dry matter production, grazing steer performance, and subsequent feedlot performance were measured. Legume treatment caused no differences in forage availability. Grazing gains corresponded to the amount of legume coverage present. Results of this study indicate that interseeding high endophyte fescue pastures with ladino clover produced higher stocker gains during the grazing phase than interseeding with lespedeza or red clover. Legume treatment had no effect on subsequent finishing gains.

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Effects Of Processing And Fat Removal On The Value Of Cottonseed In Diets For Lactating Dairy Cows (1999), M. J. Meyer, Evan C. Titgemeyer, Michael V. Scheffel, A. F. Park Jan 1999

Effects Of Processing And Fat Removal On The Value Of Cottonseed In Diets For Lactating Dairy Cows (1999), M. J. Meyer, Evan C. Titgemeyer, Michael V. Scheffel, A. F. Park

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Eighteen Holstein cows were used in six simultaneous 3x3 Latin squares to determine the value of extruded-expelled cottonseed meal with lint as a replacement for whole cottonseed in diets for lactating dairy cows. Diets were: 1) WCS=whole cottonseed; 2) EC+T=extruded-expelled cottonseed meal with tallow; and 3) EC=extruded-expelled cottonseed meal. Diets were formulated to contain 17.5% CP and 40% RUP. Tallow or shelled corn was used to balance energy across diets. No differences were observed in dry matter intake, milk production, or feed efficiency among diets. Cows fed EC produced milk with a slightly higher protein percentage. Feed costs per cwt …

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Effects Of Rumensin And Bovatec On Growth, Feed Intake, And Feed Efficiency In Dairy Calves (1999), J. A. Isch, Michael V. Scheffel, Evan C. Titgemeyer, E. C. Thomas Jan 1999

Effects Of Rumensin And Bovatec On Growth, Feed Intake, And Feed Efficiency In Dairy Calves (1999), J. A. Isch, Michael V. Scheffel, Evan C. Titgemeyer, E. C. Thomas

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred Holstein heifers were used to examine the effects of monensin (Rumensin®) and lasalocid (Bovatec®) included in calf starter and grower diets. Heifers were assigned alternately at birth to a starter feed containing either Rumensin (28 g/ton, 90% dry matter basis) or Bovatec (40 g/ton, 90% dry matter basis). The Bovatec group was switched to a starter feed containing 28 g Bovatec/ton (90% dry matter basis) at 6 weeks of age. Both groups were switched at 8 weeks of age to grower diets designed to deliver 100 mg/head/day of either Rumensin or Bovatec. No treatment differences were observed between …

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Effect Of Protein Level In Prepartum Diets On Postpartum Performance Of Dairy Cows (1999), A. F. Park, Evan C. Titgemeyer, Michael V. Scheffel, M. J. Meyer Jan 1999

Effect Of Protein Level In Prepartum Diets On Postpartum Performance Of Dairy Cows (1999), A. F. Park, Evan C. Titgemeyer, Michael V. Scheffel, M. J. Meyer

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Seventy-five Holstein cows were used in a randomized complete block design to determine the level of dietary protein required to support metabolic functions and maintain body reserves during the periparturient period and subsequent lactation. Cows fed the 14.7% protein diet prepartum had a more ideal body condition score during the entire prepartum and postpartum periods. During the first 90 days of lactation, few consistent differences occurred among prepartum diets for milk production, but the response to rbST was greatest for cows fed 11.7, 13.7 or 14.7% protein prepartum. Full 305-day lactation records showed the most milk, fat, and protein for …

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Evaluation Of Wet Corn Gluten Feed As An Ingredient In Diets For Lactating Dairy Cows (1999), M. J. Vanbaale, Michael V. Scheffel, Evan C. Titgemeyer, John E. Shirley Jan 1999

Evaluation Of Wet Corn Gluten Feed As An Ingredient In Diets For Lactating Dairy Cows (1999), M. J. Vanbaale, Michael V. Scheffel, Evan C. Titgemeyer, John E. Shirley

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Thirty-two Holstein cows were used in two 2x2 Latin squares with 28-day periods to evaluate the effect of including wet corn gluten feed in diets for lactating dairy cows. Wet corn gluten feed (WCGF) was fed to cows housed in freestalls at 20% of the diet dry matter. Cows fed WCGF consumed more dry matter, and produced more milk and more energy-corrected milk than cows fed the control diet. Production efficiency was not different between diets. The percentages of fat and protein in milk were not different between diets, but yields of all milk components were improved by including WCGF …

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Relocation And Expansion Planning For Dairy Producers (1999), John F. Smith, Joseph P. Harner, D. V. Armstrong, M. J. Gamroth Jan 1999

Relocation And Expansion Planning For Dairy Producers (1999), John F. Smith, Joseph P. Harner, D. V. Armstrong, M. J. Gamroth

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Relocating or expanding a dairy facility requires a tremendous amount of time and planning. Owners or managers of dairies will go through a number of steps including: 1) developing a business plan; 2) choosing a design process; 3) developing specifications; 4) selecting location/site; 5) obtaining permits/ legal; 6) obtaining bids; 7) selecting contractors; 8) buying cattle; 9) purchasing feeds; 10) financing; 11) managing construction; 12) hiring and training employees; 13) developing management protocols for the dairy; and 14) managing information flow. The dairy can be divided into these components: 1) milking parlor; 2) cow housing; 3) special needs facility (e.g., …

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Changes In The Textural Quality Of Selected Cheese Types As A Result Of Frozen Storage (1999), T. J. Herald, Karen A. Schmidt Jan 1999

Changes In The Textural Quality Of Selected Cheese Types As A Result Of Frozen Storage (1999), T. J. Herald, Karen A. Schmidt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

The change in textural quality of cheese during frozen storage is of concern to the frozen food industry. Many food products such as frozen pizza and dinner entrees are stored at !0.5EF or below for extended periods of time. Food manufacturers have noted detrimental changes including reduced elasticity of cheese on pizza or the absence of melt in filled products. Dynamic rheological testing was used to determine the changes in Cheddar, Colby, and Mozzarella cheeses during frozen storage. Slices of cheese were tested at day 0 and after 30 days of storage at !0.5EF. Elastic attributes were measured at 40, …

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Performance Of Lactating Dairy Cattle Housed In Two-Row Freestall Barns Equipped With Three Different Cooling Systems (1999), John F. Smith, Joseph P. Harner, B. J. Pulkrabek, D. T. Mccarty Jan 1999

Performance Of Lactating Dairy Cattle Housed In Two-Row Freestall Barns Equipped With Three Different Cooling Systems (1999), John F. Smith, Joseph P. Harner, B. J. Pulkrabek, D. T. Mccarty

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

One hundred fifty-nine Holstein cows (66 primiparous and 93 multiparous) were assigned to each of three different cooling systems installed in two-row freestall barns on a northeast Kansas dairy. One barn was equipped with a row of five 48-inch fans mounted every 40 ft over the freestalls and a row of 10 36-inch fans mounted every 20 ft over the cow feed line. Another barn was equipped with five 48-inch fans mounted over the freestalls. Both of these barns were also equipped with identical sprinkler systems mounted over the feed line. The third barn was equipped with a row of …

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