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The Effect Of Season On Response Of Growing-Finishing Pigs To Dietary Fat Levels (1987), G L. Allee, G R. Stoner, M E. Johnston, Jim L. Nelssen
The Effect Of Season On Response Of Growing-Finishing Pigs To Dietary Fat Levels (1987), G L. Allee, G R. Stoner, M E. Johnston, Jim L. Nelssen
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
This experiment was conducted to examine the influence of season on the response of finishing pigs to practical levels of fat addition. A total of 378 pigs (average initial weight per trial ranging from 83 to 98 pounds) were utilized in four finishing trials conducted during time frames approximating the 4 seasons of the year. Groups of pigs were taken off trial as they reached market weight (230 pounds). There was no season x fat level interaction for any of the criteria measured. Therefore, it is concluded that season has essentially no effect on fat level response. Fat addition influenced …
Protein Requirement Of Finishing Barrows And Gilts (110 To 230 Lbs) (1987), Robert H. Hines, B A. Koch, David A. Nichols, L M. Turlington, Robert D. Goodband
Protein Requirement Of Finishing Barrows And Gilts (110 To 230 Lbs) (1987), Robert H. Hines, B A. Koch, David A. Nichols, L M. Turlington, Robert D. Goodband
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Eighty barrows and 80 gilts were fed diets containing four crude protein levels (16, 15, 14, and 13%) from approximately 115 lb to a market weight of 230-235 lb. Barrows and gilts were fed separately to determine their protein requirements during the finishing period. Performance traits (ADG, ADF, and F/G) of barrows and gilts were not significantly affected by increasing the protein content of the diet from 13 to 16%. However, barrows linearly decreased in fat thickness at the 10th rib as crude protein content in the diet was increased. Also, percent muscle increased linearly with increased protein for barrows, …
The Changing Structure Of Red Meat Demand (1987), James Mintert
The Changing Structure Of Red Meat Demand (1987), James Mintert
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Testing for a demand change was done using pork and beef demand models estimated over the 1950-1984 period. Results suggest that a structural change has taken place in both beef and pork demand. The beef demand change, however, appears to have been more severe than that noted for pork.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 19, 1987
Effect Of Various Anthelmintics On Growing-Finishing Swine Reared On Dirt Lots (1987), Robert H. Hines, D A. Schoneweis
Effect Of Various Anthelmintics On Growing-Finishing Swine Reared On Dirt Lots (1987), Robert H. Hines, D A. Schoneweis
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Two trials involving 262 pigs were conducted to evaluate five worming programs for growing-finishing pigs fed on dirt lots heavily infected with roundworm (Ascarid) eggs. The control pigs (no anthelmentic) were compared in performance (ADG, F/G) and lung liver lesions at slaughter with pigs that received ivermectin on day 1 or day 28, pyrantel tartrate for the first 28 days, or purge treatments between day 28 to 31 with dichlovos or fenbendazole. All pigs gained at a similar rate regard less of treatment; however, those pigs receiving fenbendozole were 8.4% more efficient and those receiving Ivermectin on day 28 were …
Effects Of Grain Sorghum Hybrid On Finishing Pig Performance (1987), G Goldy, Robert H. Hines, Robert D. Goodband
Effects Of Grain Sorghum Hybrid On Finishing Pig Performance (1987), G Goldy, Robert H. Hines, Robert D. Goodband
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Two trials were conducted to compare the feeding value of homozygous and heterozygous yellow endosperm grain sorghum and corn for finishing pigs. Homozygous yellow endosperm grain sorghum had no advantage in feeding value over heterozgous yellow endosperm hybrids (P>.05). Finishing hogs fed grain sorghum hybrids did not differ (P>.05) in average daily gain, feed intake, or feed efficiency compared to those fed a corn diet.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 19, 1987
Estrous Expression Of Sows After Altered Suckling And Boar Exposure (1987), E A. Newton, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, Duane L. Davis
Estrous Expression Of Sows After Altered Suckling And Boar Exposure (1987), E A. Newton, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, Duane L. Davis
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
In two different experiments, we studied the influence of: 1) separating litters from their dams (altered suckling) during the last 8 days of lactation, which included a change in housing and social interaction with other sows; 2) providing boar exposure (1 hr/d); and 3) parity on the ability of sows to come into heat during lactation and after weaning. Our studies indicated that: 1) 6 hr of altered suckling and 1 hr of boar exposure may shorten the interval to heat for sows that express estrus during lactation, but 3 hr of altered suckling and 1 h of boar exposure …
Minimizing Environmental Effects On Nutritional Needs Of Growing Finishing Pigs (1987), David A. Nichols
Minimizing Environmental Effects On Nutritional Needs Of Growing Finishing Pigs (1987), David A. Nichols
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Swine have a great ability to grow and reproduce in a variety of environments and facilities. This ability is documented by profitable production in both the most elaborate and the most simple facilities. Efficiency and profitability in environmental extremes are highly variable but performance level during environmental stress is generally less than maximum. The thermal environment strongly influences pig performance with air temperature having the primary effect. All too often, producers fail to consider the total environment of the pig. Air movement, humidity, and, in some instances, solar radiation contribute to how the pig feels. We must consider the total …
Effect Of Select Menhaden Fish Meal And Dried Whey In Starter Diets For Pigs (1987), G R. Stoner, G L. Allee, Jim L. Nelssen, M E. Johnston
Effect Of Select Menhaden Fish Meal And Dried Whey In Starter Diets For Pigs (1987), G R. Stoner, G L. Allee, Jim L. Nelssen, M E. Johnston
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A growth trial was conducted to examine the effects of select menhaden fish meal (SMFM) and dried whey (DW) in starter diets for pigs. A total of 240, 3-wk-old, weaned pigs averaging 12.1 lb were utilized. Pigs did not receive creep feed and were introduced to the experimental diets immediately upon weaning. The trial was conducted for 4 wk. A factorial design with 3 levels of SMFM (0, 4, and 8%) and 2 levels of OW (10 and 20%) was employed. Analysis of the data indicated no SMFM x DW interaction by the end of wk 4. Inclusion of SMFM …
Effects Of Milk Products (Casein And Lactose) On Nutrient Digestibility In Weaned Pigs Fed A High Fat Dry Diet (1987), W H. Turlington, G L. Allee, Jim L. Nelssen
Effects Of Milk Products (Casein And Lactose) On Nutrient Digestibility In Weaned Pigs Fed A High Fat Dry Diet (1987), W H. Turlington, G L. Allee, Jim L. Nelssen
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Two trials using a total of 48 pigs were conducted to compare protein (soybean meal and casein) and carbohydrate (dextrose and lactose) sources. In trial 1, digestion studies were conducted to determine apparent digestible energy content of the four treatments and apparent nutrient digestibility coefficients. In trial 2, pigs were sacrificed to determine ileal and total tract (apparent) nutrient digestibility coefficients. Results suggest that milk products are important to improving energy and nutrient digestibility in the young pig. The younger the pig or the sooner after weaning, the greater the benefit from their addition. The data also suggest that milk …
The Effects Of Added Niacin During Lactation On Sow And Litter Performance (1987), Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen
The Effects Of Added Niacin During Lactation On Sow And Litter Performance (1987), Robert D. Goodband, Jim L. Nelssen
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
An on-farm field study utilizing 231 sows was conducted to determine the effects of added niacin during a 21-day lactation on sow and litter performance. At farrowing, sows were assigned to one of two dietary treatments that provided either 200 or 1000 mg niacin/day. All Iitters were equalized within dietary treatment by 24 hours following farrowing. All sows had a similar number of pigs born alive, pigs equalized per litter, and average pig and litter birth weights. Feeding sows a diet providing 1000 mg additional niacin did not significantly affect the number of pigs weaned, pig survival, or average pig …
Using Biotechnology To Improve Growth Rate And Carcass Composition In Swine (1987), Jim L. Nelssen
Using Biotechnology To Improve Growth Rate And Carcass Composition In Swine (1987), Jim L. Nelssen
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Biotechnology has developed a number of compounds that partition nutrients away from fat tissue deposition and towards lean (muscle) tissue accretion in swine. Two compounds that have received considerable research attention are porcine somatotropin (growth hormone) and beta agonists. Somatotropin is a naturally occurring protein found in the blood of all mammals. Beta agonists are compounds commonly used in human medicine. Somatotropin and beta agonists can dramatically influence carcass leanness and ultimately pork product quality. Research has shown that porcine somatotropin can increase daily gains up to 19%, improve feed efficiency up to 28%, and reduce backfat thickness up to …
Characteristics Of Frankfurters From Preblended Pork (1987), Curtis L. Kastner, Y I. Choi, Donald H. Kropf
Characteristics Of Frankfurters From Preblended Pork (1987), Curtis L. Kastner, Y I. Choi, Donald H. Kropf
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Five pork carcasses were used to determine the effects of hot boning and various combinations of salt (0, 1.5, or 3.0%) and a phosphate mixture (0 or 0.5%) on functional, processing, and storage characteristics of preblended pork (preblends). Although hot-boned (HB) preblends had superior functional properties compared to conventionally boned (CB) preblends, HB and CB frankfurters had similar characteristics. More (P(.05) myosin and actin (proteins that cause lean and fat particles to bind together) were extracted from HB than CB preblends. Addition of salt (1.5 or 3.0%) or phosphate (0.5%) generally increased myosin and actin extraction in both HB and …
Haemophilus (Actinobacillus) Pleuropneumoniae Infection In Germfree Piglets (1987), N V. Anderson, C A. King
Haemophilus (Actinobacillus) Pleuropneumoniae Infection In Germfree Piglets (1987), N V. Anderson, C A. King
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Germfree piglets rapidly develop pneumonia after Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae is inoculated into the lung, providing a basis of comparison for future studies of pneumonia in SPF and conventionally reared piglets.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 19, 1987
Assessing Swine Enterprise Efficiency With Computerized Records (1987), D E. Orr Jr
Assessing Swine Enterprise Efficiency With Computerized Records (1987), D E. Orr Jr
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Successful swine producers must be adaptable, utilize new technology, and know their herd production levels and costs if they want to alter those production factors that have an economic impact. A summary of the effect of various production factors on swine profitability is presented, using actual herd data in composite form. These data illustrate the production and financial impact that today's technology will have on future swine production units.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 19, 1987
Effects Of Flushing, Altrenogest, And Pubertal Status On Litter Traits In Gilts (1987), M T. Rhodes, Duane L. Davis, Jeffrey S. Stevenson
Effects Of Flushing, Altrenogest, And Pubertal Status On Litter Traits In Gilts (1987), M T. Rhodes, Duane L. Davis, Jeffrey S. Stevenson
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
We tested the effects of flushing (3.4 lb extra ground sorghum grain for at least 10 days before estrus) and estrous synchronization with altrenogest on litter traits in gilts. Altrenogest had no effect on litter size or weight, but flushing increased both traits. The response to flushing occurred entirely among gilts artificially inseminated at the pubertal estrus. Pubertal gilts represented approximately 40% of the gilts in our experiment, and their improvement in litter size was almost two pigs. When all gilts were considered, flushing improved litter size by .9 pigs.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 19, 1987
The Value Of Drip Versus Spray Cooling At Two Flow Rates To Reduce Heat Stress Of Finishing Swine (1987), David A. Nichols, R C. Thaler, James P. Murphy, Robert H. Hines, Jim L. Nelssen
The Value Of Drip Versus Spray Cooling At Two Flow Rates To Reduce Heat Stress Of Finishing Swine (1987), David A. Nichols, R C. Thaler, James P. Murphy, Robert H. Hines, Jim L. Nelssen
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
One hundred fifty pigs were used to evaluate the effectiveness of either spray cooling or drip sprinkling to reduce heat stress in finishing swine. In addition, water flow rates of .2 gal/pig/hr and .4 gal/pig/hr were compared. All wetting treatments significantly (P<.01) improved average daily gain and feed intake (P<.05) compared with non-wetted control. No differences were observed in feed to gain ratio among treatments. Drip sprinkling at the higher flow rate resulted in performance equal to that with intermittent spray cooling at both flow rates.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 19, 1987
The Effects Of Sprout-Damaged Milo On Finishing Pig Performance (1987), Robert D. Goodband, W H. Turlington, Robert H. Hines, G L. Allee
The Effects Of Sprout-Damaged Milo On Finishing Pig Performance (1987), Robert D. Goodband, W H. Turlington, Robert H. Hines, G L. Allee
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
One hundred and sixty-five, crossbred, growing-finishing pigs were utilized in two growth trials to determine the effects of sprout-damaged milo on pig performance. Sprout-damaged milo was officially graded as having 39% sprout damage and 10% broken kernels. In addition, the grain was badly weathered and discolored. In Trial 1, sprout-damaged milo was substituted for normal milo at levels of 0, 50, and 100% of the grain portion in the diet. Increasing levels of sprout-damaged milo had no effect (P>.20) on average daily gain (ADG) or average daily feed intake (ADFI) of growing pigs (91 to 145 lbs). However, pigs …
Apramycin For The Early-Weaned Pig (1987), Jim L. Nelssen, G L. Allee, R C. Thaler, W H. Turlington
Apramycin For The Early-Weaned Pig (1987), Jim L. Nelssen, G L. Allee, R C. Thaler, W H. Turlington
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A total of 108 21-day-old pigs, weighing less than 10 lb, were utilized in two, 28-day trials to compare the effects of feeding high nutrient-density diets with either added apramycin, neomycin, or carbadox on pig performance. In Tria1, pigs fed the diet containing Apralan® gained slightly faster and were more efficient (P<.05) than pigs fed neomycin during the first 14 days postweaning. There were no differences in pig performance in Trials I or II for the entire 28-day period. Two additional 28-day on-farm studies using a total of 427, 21-day old pigs were conducted, feeding a high nutrient-density diet medicated with either apramycin or neomycin plus terramycin. In both on-farm trials, pigs fed apramycin gained faster (P<.05) than pigs fed neomycin plus terramycin for the initial 14 days post weaning. In the second on-farm trial, feed intake was higher (P<.09) during the first 14 days for pigs fed apramycin. Additionally, pigs fed diets medicated with apramycin were slightly heavier (1. 7 and 1.5 additional pounds for the first and second on-farm trials, respectively) at 28 days post weaning compared to pigs fed neomycin plus terramycin. These results indicate that apramycin will improve the performance of early-weaned pigs fed high nutrient-density diets compared to other feed medications.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 19, 1987
Effect Of Protein And/Or Carbohydrate Fractions Of Dried Whey On Performance And Nutrient Digestibility Of Weanling Pigs (1987), Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, G L. Allee
Effect Of Protein And/Or Carbohydrate Fractions Of Dried Whey On Performance And Nutrient Digestibility Of Weanling Pigs (1987), Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, G L. Allee
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
One hundred and eighty 3-wk old pigs (initial weight 10.6 lb) were utilized in a 35-day growth trial to determine the effects of the carbohydrate and/or protein fractions of dried whey on pig performance. In addition, 30 3-wk-old pigs (initial weight 10.8 lb) were used in two digestion trials to study the effects of the whey fractions on nutrient digestibility. Dietary treatments included a corn-soybean meal control (CON), control + 20% dried whey (WHE), control + 14% lactose (CHO), control + 2.1% lactalbumin (PRO), control + 14% lactose + 2.1% lactalbumin (CHO + PHD), and control + 8.4% whey protein …
Increasing Litter Size In Swine Herds (1987), Duane L. Davis, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, J Ernest Minton
Increasing Litter Size In Swine Herds (1987), Duane L. Davis, Jeffrey S. Stevenson, J Ernest Minton
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Management and biological factors combine to limit litter size in swine herds. With present technology, improving litter size depends upon increasing the number born in the first litter and prolonging sow longevity. Methods for improving size of the first litter rely on increasing the number of eggs ovulated and include flushing (increased feed for at least 10 days before breeding), selecting breeds with high ovulation rates, and delaying breeding until after the pubertal or first estrus. The first two methods are the most cost effective under farm conditions. Because litter size peaks at the fourth or fifth litter, it is …
A Comparison Of Raw Soybeans And Soybean Oil As Energy Sources For Finishing Pigs (1987), Robert D. Goodband, Robert H. Hines, R C. Thaler
A Comparison Of Raw Soybeans And Soybean Oil As Energy Sources For Finishing Pigs (1987), Robert D. Goodband, Robert H. Hines, R C. Thaler
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Two hundred and seventy pigs averaging 125 lbs were utilized in two growth trials to determine the effects of raw soybeans or soybean oil on finishing pig performance. In each trial, raw soybeans or soybean oil were substituted for milo to provide 2 or 3% added fat. Pigs fed these diets were compared to pigs fed a milo-soybean meal diet (control). In Experiment 1, raw soybeans or soybean oil were added in place of milo in a 15% crude protein, .7% lysine diet. Increasing levels of raw soybeans resulted in greater trypsin inhibitor content compared to the control or soybean …
Effect Of Fat Source On Performance Of Weaned Pigs (1987), W H. Turlington, G L. Allee, Jim L. Nelssen
Effect Of Fat Source On Performance Of Weaned Pigs (1987), W H. Turlington, G L. Allee, Jim L. Nelssen
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
A 5-week trial was conducted to compare various fat sources for the weaned pig. A total of 150 pigs were weaned at 19 days of age and allotted, by weight, to five dietary treatments. Treatments consisted of a control with no added fat and four fat sources (choice white grease, coconut oil, soybean oil and tallow). During the first 2 weeks, 10% fat was added, and 5% fat was added during the last 3 weeks. Average daily gain and feed/gain of weaned pigs were improved with the addition of dietary fat. During the first 2 weeks, pigs fed soybean oil …
Characteristics Of Preblended Pork During Cooler Storage (1987), Curtis L. Kastner, Y I. Choi, Donald H. Kropf
Characteristics Of Preblended Pork During Cooler Storage (1987), Curtis L. Kastner, Y I. Choi, Donald H. Kropf
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Five pork carcasses were used to determine the effects of hot boning and various combinations of salt (0, 1.5, or 3.0%) and a phosphate mixture (0 or 0.5%) on bacteria, TBA (measure of fat rancidity), and pH values of preblended pork (preblends). In both HB (hot boned within 2 hr postmortem) and CB (conventionally boned at 24 hr postmortem) preblends, salt increased (P<.05) TBA values (indicates increased rancidity) and decreased (P<.05) growth of psychrotrophic bacteria, whereas phosphate increased (P<.05) pH and decreased TBA values. Salt levels could be reduced from 3.0 to 1.5% in preblends without storage problems, if phosphate (0.5%) was included. Phosphate (mixture pH 7.2) had little influence on microbial growth of preblends during cooler storage.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 19, 1987
Effect Of Display Lighting On Fresh Pork Longissimus Packaged In Oxygen-Permeable And Oxygen-Barrier Films (1987), S Hung, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf
Effect Of Display Lighting On Fresh Pork Longissimus Packaged In Oxygen-Permeable And Oxygen-Barrier Films (1987), S Hung, Melvin C. Hunt, Donald H. Kropf
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Longissimus samples from seven pork loins were used to determine display color stability when packaged in oxygen-permeable (polyviny lchloride, PVC) film and when vacuum packaged. Color scores were different at all times when evaluation was done under display lighting, with poorest color under Cool White and most desirable color under NAFA or Grolux Wide Spectrum. Since differences were minor or non-existent when evaluation was under a common light, we conclude that a different color rendition caused the differences noted and no photochemical effect occurred.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 19, 1987
Characteristics Of Aerial Dust In Finishing Buildings (1987), A J. Heber, M Stroik
Characteristics Of Aerial Dust In Finishing Buildings (1987), A J. Heber, M Stroik
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Eleven finishing units were surveyed to study the characteristics of aerial dust and factors that influence dust concentrations. Feed dust was the major portion of the total dust mass and can be minimized with feed additives, less feed wastage, enclosed feed delivery, and periodic cleaning. Ventilation was the primary method for dust removal. Naturally ventilated buildings had higher dust concentrations than mechanically ventilated buildings because of lower average airflow rates, especially during cold weather. Swine workers can minimize respiratory symptoms by wearing face masks.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 19, 1987
Concepts And Concerns In Remodeling Swine Facilities (1987), P Murphy
Concepts And Concerns In Remodeling Swine Facilities (1987), P Murphy
Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports
Shall I remodel or burn it down? Determining an answer to this question requires careful consideration of construction costs and production goals. When considering a particular building - consider the following:; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 19, 1987