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Articles 1 - 30 of 132
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Osteoporosis: A Comprehensive Review, Eliyahu Greenberg
Osteoporosis: A Comprehensive Review, Eliyahu Greenberg
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Osteoporosis is a disease of the skeleton that becomes more common with advanced age, especially in postmenopausal women. Osteoporosis increases the risk of fractures, thereby reducing the quality of life for those who suffer from it. Due to the aging population, direct costs resulting from osteoporosis are projected to reach upward of $25 billion per year by 2025. The main pharmaceuticals primarily target osteoclasts. Exercise may be an effective method of preventing osteoporosis, although more research needs to be done. More research should be conducted to explore potential ways to enhance osteoblastic activity as a method to treat and/or reverse …
The Development And Future Of Prosthetics Controlled By Myoelectrical Impulses, Chaya Podemski
The Development And Future Of Prosthetics Controlled By Myoelectrical Impulses, Chaya Podemski
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Objective: To document the developmental history of prostheses to better understand the circumstances that led to enabling amputees to experience touch through sensory reinnervation surgery in conjunction with an innovative bionic arm; and to prove that sensory reinnervation is the key to further progress. Methods: The topic was researched extensively using scholarly databases and read relevant accounts of experimental studies and outcomes. Results: By examining the progress made in the field of prostheses, it has been determined that a sensory reinnervation technique is at the forefront of bionic limb technology and predict that it will continue to be utilized and …
Effective Treatments For Onychomycosis, Jonathan Knobel
Effective Treatments For Onychomycosis, Jonathan Knobel
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Background: Onychomycosis is a highly prevalent nail infective disorder. Many treatments, with varied success rates and side effects, are used. Objectives: To assess the most recommended treatment for Onychomycosis with the optimal cure rate and least severe side effects. Search Methods: PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCO Multisearch, and Google Scholar were used to gather information. Search terms such as “Onychomycosis,” and “Effective treatments for Onychomycosis” etc. were used. Results: Effective treatments include oral, topical, nail avulsion, and laser treatments. Topical treatments have low cure rates and minimal side effects. Oral treatments have various side effects but the highest mycological and clinical cure …
Can Androgenetic Alopecia Be Reversed And What Are The Effective Treatments?, Michelle Aminova
Can Androgenetic Alopecia Be Reversed And What Are The Effective Treatments?, Michelle Aminova
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Androgenic alopecia (AGA), also known as male and female pattern baldness, is the loss of hair on the scalp for both men and women. The onset of hair loss for men suffering from this condition can occur as early as their teens or early 20s. Symptoms include a receding hairline and gradual disappearance of hair at the vertex and frontal scalp. When women have female pattern baldness (FPB), their hair doesn’t appear thinning until they reach their 40s or older. Generally, women experience a thinning of the hair over the whole scalp, with the most extensive hair loss at the …
Retinal Detachment: What Are The Types And Potential Causes?, Mera Skoblo
Retinal Detachment: What Are The Types And Potential Causes?, Mera Skoblo
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Retinal detachment is one of the few ocular emergencies. Depending on the extensiveness of the detachment, and whether it is macula on or macula off, will affect the patient’s visual acuity after treatment. Therefore, it is vital that after experiencing any common retinal detachment symptoms, the patient sees an ophthalmologist immediately. High-risk factors for retinal detachment include aging, ocular trauma, high myopia, and prior eye surgery. Statistically, the cause of a given retinal detachment often determines the specific type of detachment that occurs. There are three forms of retinal detachment, categorized separately based on their anatomical characteristics.
Is Deep Brain Stimulation A Desirable Therapy For Parkinson’S Disease?, Chana Steinberg
Is Deep Brain Stimulation A Desirable Therapy For Parkinson’S Disease?, Chana Steinberg
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that currently impacts 6.1 million people globally. Although it has different presentations, its core features are tremors, postural instability, bradykinesia (slowing of movement), and psychological disabilities such as mood disorders and cognitive decline. A primary treatment is Levodopa, but it has limited success. A promising treatment called Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) has been shown to induce significant improvements in motor skills where Levodopa has failed to help. Deep Brain Stimulation works via implanted electrodes. It has been used successfully in many studies to decrease motor issues associated with Parkinson’s, but potential side effects pose …
Cardiovascular Disease - Is A Whole Food Plant-Based Diet The Answer?, Shalom Katz
Cardiovascular Disease - Is A Whole Food Plant-Based Diet The Answer?, Shalom Katz
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Objective: To determine if a whole food plant-based diet can prevent and cure cardiovascular disease. Results: People on whole food plant-based diets exhibit extremely low levels of plasma LDL. Another risk factor for developing atherosclerosis, is inhibited production of nitric oxide, which is vital for healthy blood flow. One of the main inhibitors of nitric oxide production is asymmetric dimethyl-l-arginine (ADMA). An inverse relationship was found between dietary fat and ADMA levels. The diets with the best results were the diets where oil intake was reduced to a minimum. Clinically, people who went on whole food plant-based diets had their …
Are Clear Aligners Better Than The Conventional Orthodontic Fixed Appliances?, Adelle Perkelvald
Are Clear Aligners Better Than The Conventional Orthodontic Fixed Appliances?, Adelle Perkelvald
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Clear aligner therapy (CAT) has become an attractive alternative for orthodontic treatment as more adolescents and young adults pursue othodontic care. CAT is comprised of removable transparent appliances that offer a more aesthetic appearance to prospective patients. Recent studies have shown that CAT efficiency and efficacy for orthodontic procedures for cases of mild to moderate malocclusions are of equal or greater caliber to those of conventional fixed appliances. Clear aligners are also found to be less painful, better for periodontal health, and more accessible in comparison with fixed appliances. For those meeting the criteria for CAT, clear aligners may be …
Optimal Treatment Of Osteoporosis, Yehoshua Wiederkehr
Optimal Treatment Of Osteoporosis, Yehoshua Wiederkehr
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Osteoporosis affects tens of millions of people in America and is the most common disease of the bones. New treatments are constantly sought, as existing ones have documented side effects. This review seeks to pinpoint the most effective and safe treatment for osteoporosis by looking at head-to-head trials and research regarding combination therapies. This review also looks at the effectiveness of non-pharmacologic treatments and whether any options are beneficial. The importance of an open patient/provider relationship proves itself, as many medications and treatment plans depend on personal factors that need to be measured and weighed by a medical professional together …
An Analysis On Various Treatment Options For Triple-Negative Breast Cancer, Elisheva Dusowitz
An Analysis On Various Treatment Options For Triple-Negative Breast Cancer, Elisheva Dusowitz
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is a highly invasive, under-researched subtype of Breast Cancer. Patients lack receptors for the protein Human Epidermal Growth Factor, and both estrogen and progesterone. This negatively impacts treatment by making all hormone-sensitive treatments unavailable to TNBC patients. Since the effectiveness of various options has remained understudied, the prognosis remains poor. This paper attempts to analyze and compare the effectiveness of various treatment options. Because TNBC is very aggressive, the standard approach is to jump in with harsh surgical procedures, including mastectomies and lumpectomies. This analysis finds that more aggressive treatment may not be necessary to treat …
Does Exercise Make You Smarter?, Avi Derkhidam
Does Exercise Make You Smarter?, Avi Derkhidam
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Physical exercise has been applauded for its beneficial cardiovascular and mental effects for decades. Recently, researchers have begun to study exercise from a different perspective, focusing on the positive relationship between exercise and cognition. One area of cognition highlighted in association with exercise is its positive impact on executive function. Executive function refers to the collection of neurocognitive processes involved in goal-directed problem-solving. Improved levels of cognitive function have been found to impact significant achievements throughout life. Because of this, the development, improvement, and preservation of these functions are essential. While research has proven a correlation between exercise and improved …
Effective Treatments For Ductal Carcinoma In Situ, Moshe Picciotto
Effective Treatments For Ductal Carcinoma In Situ, Moshe Picciotto
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) is the most common form of breast cancer wherein its progression interrupts the hormonal receptors and genetic variation of one’s DNA. DCIS can be caused by hereditary means, or through mutations. Fortunately, due to the many different modes of contraction, there is a plethora of treatments available in the forms of mastectomy, radiation, chemotherapeutic drugs, and PARP inhibitors, each with their own mechanism of action to combat the tumor and any metastatic effects the cancer may have on the body. This paper analyzes the cancer’s mechanism of action upon the body and the positive effects …
Full Issue: Volume 15, Number 2, Spring 2022
Full Issue: Volume 15, Number 2, Spring 2022
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Complete .pdf file of Volume 15, Number 2 of The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences. Published Spring 2022.
Migraine Triggers, Adina Jeidel
Migraine Triggers, Adina Jeidel
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Migraines are a painful and life-interrupting disease which strikes around 23 million Americans every year (Goadsby et al., 2017). Not enough studies have been done to help the public fully understand migraines. Details regarding the causes and pathophysiology of migraines continue to be analyzed by physicians and scientists, as no theory has been fully confirmed regarding a migraine’s concrete path. The goal of this scientific review is to provide an overview for the main triggers of migraines, in reference to recent clinical investigations, and to understand why they might cause patients to be more prone to having a migraine attack …
Is Lsvt Big An Effective And Realistic Treatment Of Parkinson’S Disease?, Elisheva Erlbaum
Is Lsvt Big An Effective And Realistic Treatment Of Parkinson’S Disease?, Elisheva Erlbaum
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Parkinson’s Disease is one of the most common neurological disorders which disrupts the everyday lives of millions of people. This disease is categorized by the loss of dopamine in the brain, specifically the Substantia Nigra. People diagnosed with PD suffer from motor and cognitive impairments. While there is no one treatment which can completely cure the disease, there are many treatments available which can help alleviate symptoms. However, most of the treatments cause many negative side effects. Recently, a new physical therapy treatment, LSVT BIG has begun to show its effects. This revue describes the many factors and treatments of …
The Relationship Between Autoimmunity And Polyautoimmunity, David Schon
The Relationship Between Autoimmunity And Polyautoimmunity, David Schon
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Autoimmune disease refers to a systemic immune response by the body against its own healthy tissue and cells. This results in various non-specific and systemic inflammatory processes that evolve into more than 100 individual diseases. Numerous biological similarities exist between the different pathophysiological pathways, including biochemical cascades and inflammasome mediators. This paper aims to investigate whether contracting one form of autoimmune disease can lead to the development of polyautoimmunity and multiple autoimmune syndrome. Scientists have identified chronic levels of high stress as a contributor to higher levels of C-reactive protein and several immune modulating interleukins, which can lead to both …
Effects Of Soy Isoflavone, Anne Roberts
Effects Of Soy Isoflavone, Anne Roberts
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Soy, which contains a form of phytoestrogen known as isoflavones, impacts the biological activity of humans at all stages. There are many aspects to consider when determining whether soy is beneficial. Since the hormone estrogen plays a significant role in maintaining the biochemical and homeostatic conditions of an individual, it follows that the disruption of estrogenic levels can be detrimental. There are many hormone- dependent diseases that can be linked to one’s diet, and the possibility of utilizing phytoestrogens, such as soy, to prevent or control hormonal irregularities is compelling. This paper explores the effects that phytoestrogens, specifically soy, can …
Rapamycin And Metformin In Treating Covid-19, Avrohom Karp
Rapamycin And Metformin In Treating Covid-19, Avrohom Karp
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
The SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread rapidly, resulting in a global pandemic. There is a great need for an effective drug cocktail therapy to combat Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), a major cause of death due to COVID-19. The two drugs examined are metformin, an antidiabetic medication, and rapamycin. Rapamycin is often prescribed for transplant patients as it has an immunosuppressive effect. The aim of the investigation was to determine the efficacy of metformin and rapamycin in treating COVID-19, and to examine what an effective protocol would look like. These two drugs both inhibit mTOR and can reduce the body’s auto-immune …
Do People With Hashimoto’S Disease Need A Thyroidectomy?, Miriam Minkowitz
Do People With Hashimoto’S Disease Need A Thyroidectomy?, Miriam Minkowitz
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis (HT) is one of the most common autoimmune diseases (Hiromatsu et al. 2013 p.13). It primarily affects the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland influences growth and regulates the body’s metabolism by manipulating hormonal levels. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis affects thyroid function through mechanisms that cause the hormone levels to become dysregulated. The standard therapy for Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is hormone replacement. This approach helps most patients by regulating their thyroid hormones, though there are some individuals who fail treatment. Untreatable patients are plagued with weight gain, sleep disturbances, and other symptoms. Certain factors in thyroid disease may cause various secondary complications …
Full Issue: Volume 14, Number 2, Spring 2021
Full Issue: Volume 14, Number 2, Spring 2021
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Complete .pdf file of Volume 14, Number 2 of The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences. Published Spring 2021.
Lupus And The Effects On Pregnancy, Elana Eisenreich
Lupus And The Effects On Pregnancy, Elana Eisenreich
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is a disease that manifests in many different ways. The cause of lupus still remains elusive. However, many of the pathologies associated with the disease as well as the disease process have been described. The pathophysiology of the disease as well as its effects on specific patient groups will be discussed below. More specifically, Systemic Lupus’ effect on pregnancy with current diagnostic and treatment modalities will be the focus of this paper.
What Are The Possible Causes And Effective Therapeutic Approaches Of Preeclampsia?, Adina Hadi
What Are The Possible Causes And Effective Therapeutic Approaches Of Preeclampsia?, Adina Hadi
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Preeclampsia is a complication of pregnancy primarily characterized by hypertension and proteinuria and affects other organs as well. The underlying causes are not yet fully understood. However, it is suggested that angiogenic factors of the placenta, genetic factors, a malfunctioning immune system, and oxidative stress all play a role in causing preeclampsia. Currently, the only definitive cure known for preeclampsia is delivery of the baby. Management of the condition includes taking preventative measures as well as drugs such as labetalol and MgSO4. This paper analyzes mechanisms of preeclampsia and determines the possible causes and most effective ways to manage the …
Enzybiotic Therapy As Treatment For Mrsa, Rachel Finkelstein
Enzybiotic Therapy As Treatment For Mrsa, Rachel Finkelstein
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
This paper reviews the antibacterial potential of enzybiotics against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Due to the increasing occurrence of antibiotic resistance, researchers are looking to make use of the natural antibacterial qualities of virus bacteriophages, viral derived lysins, and antimicrobial peptides to fight MRSA infections. The efficacy of bacteriophages, endolysins, and bacteriocins as potential antibacterial agents against MRSA was extensively researched through Touro’s online library database. Each of their mechanisms of action allows them to effectively lyse S. aureus cells, by essentially disrupting the peptidoglycan in the cell wall, causing it to burst. The narrow host range of these antimicrobials …
Dance Training And Delayed Maturation, Shira Heavenrich
Dance Training And Delayed Maturation, Shira Heavenrich
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
The physiological effects of early childhood dance training are constantly being explored and adjusted. It was observed that children in training experience a higher than normal percentage of delayed maturation, both in puberty and bone development. It was suggested that the environmental conditions in which dancers practice, such as malnutrition and too much time spent indoors, as well as biological factors, contribute to the hormonal and cellular disruptions responsible for late development. Undernourishment, as is common in dancers, was found to have a direct correlation with reproductive hormone levels, including reduction in gonadotropin- releasing hormone secretion as well as lower …
Developing Approaches Towards The Treatment Of Covid-19, Chana Weis
Developing Approaches Towards The Treatment Of Covid-19, Chana Weis
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
In late 2019 a newly identified strain of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 emerged, causing a worldwide pandemic of respiratory illness, Covid-19. Covid-19 has drastically transformed the world in numerous ways. The virus is highly contagious and, in some cases, fatal. A successful cure has not yet been discovered and therefore society is urged to take proper precautions to prevent the spread of the potentially fatal virus. This paper analyzes the proper precautions that should be taken as well as the ongoing research that has been done to stop the spread of the virus.
The Role Of Immunotherapy In Treating High-Risk Neuroblastoma, Mollie Raczkowski
The Role Of Immunotherapy In Treating High-Risk Neuroblastoma, Mollie Raczkowski
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Neuroblastoma originates from the cells in the neural crest. High-risk neuroblastoma, patients have poor outcomes even with the multi-step treatment plans, including immunotherapy maintenance treatment. Researchers in developmental biology search for unique antigens in neuroblastoma cells to utilize monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Currently, GD2 is the most effective antigen that scientists have isolated in the tumor; these anti-GD2 mAbs are administered in the forms of Dinutuximab or Dinutuximab beta to attack the tumor. Monoclonal antibodies are currently administered in neuroblastoma instead of CAR T (that has seen success in curing different types of leukemias) due to the heterogeneity of this tumor. …
Osteoporosis: A Comprehensive Review, Eliyahu Greenberg
Osteoporosis: A Comprehensive Review, Eliyahu Greenberg
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Osteoporosis is a disease of the skeleton that becomes more common with advanced age, especially in postmenopausal women. Osteoporosis increases the risk of fractures, thereby reducing the quality of life for those who suffer from it. Due to the aging population, direct costs resulting from osteoporosis are projected to reach upward of $25 billion per year by 2025. The main pharmaceuticals primarily target osteoclasts. Exercise may be an effective method of preventing osteoporosis, although more research needs to be done. More research should be conducted to explore potential ways to enhance osteoblastic activity as a method to treat and/or reverse …
Understanding Pathophysiology Of Nonsyndromic Autism By Examining And Extrapolating From Syndromic Variants, Alexander Labkowsky
Understanding Pathophysiology Of Nonsyndromic Autism By Examining And Extrapolating From Syndromic Variants, Alexander Labkowsky
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a broad, heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder encompassing a range of presentation and severity. The common characteristics include communication deficits, impaired social skills, dependency on routine, sensitivity to environmental change, and stereotyped behavior (DSM-5, 2013). When ASD is accompanied by a host of other symptoms it is often referred to as syndromic autism. Syndromic autism is usually severe and can usually be traced to deletions or duplications on a specific gene. These monogenic disorders are by definition easier to diagnose and are good candidates for study since specific biological markers can be assessed and tracked. There have …
Full Issue: Volume 15, Number 1, Fall 2021
Full Issue: Volume 15, Number 1, Fall 2021
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
Complete .pdf file of Volume 15, Number 1 of The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences. Published Fall 2021.
Etiology And Associations Of Oral And Oropharyngeal Cancer, Aron Yaghar
Etiology And Associations Of Oral And Oropharyngeal Cancer, Aron Yaghar
The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences
This research paper discusses oral cavity cancer, which is one of the 11th most common cancers in the world. According to newer research, some important possible causes include smokeless tobacco, marijuana, and citrus fruits. Some research attributes it to one’s genetic makeup and include exposure to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and diagnosis of Diabetes mellitus, all in conjunction with one’s age. In this research paper, each of these factors are discussed in depth, and their association with this illness is considered and debated. Review of the literature reveals that the high concentrations of nicotine found in smokeless tobacco products is deleterious …