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Articles 31 - 60 of 77
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Increasing Prevalence Of Epizootic Shell Disease In American Lobster From The Nearshore Gulf Of Maine, Kathleen M. Reardon, Carl J. Wilson, Patrick M. Gillevet, Masoumeh Sikaroodi, Jeffrey D. Shields
Increasing Prevalence Of Epizootic Shell Disease In American Lobster From The Nearshore Gulf Of Maine, Kathleen M. Reardon, Carl J. Wilson, Patrick M. Gillevet, Masoumeh Sikaroodi, Jeffrey D. Shields
VIMS Articles
Epizootic shell disease (ESD) is a significant concern to the southern New England lobster fishery. Although ESD has been reported in the southern Gulf of Maine off Massachusetts, there are few reports from Maine waters. We report on the occurrence and distribution of ESD in American lobsters from nearshore Gulf of Maine from the Maine Commercial Lobster Sea Sampling Program. Overall, average prevalence levels of ESD by trip were very low (<0.16%) through 2010, then increased from 2011 to the present, reaching 1.2% in 2013. As with previous studies, recent prevalence levels in legal and sublegal (<127 mm CL) animals were higher (6%–7%) in egg-bearing females than in males and non-ovigerous females. This pattern was amplified in oversized (>127 mm CL) lobsters, regardless of sex and reproductive state, with much higher prevalence levels (up to 22%). Spatially, prevalence levels of ESD were significantly higher in western …0.16%)>
Abundance Trends Of Highly Migratory Species In The Atlantic Ocean: Accounting For Water Temperature Profiles, Patrick D. Lynch, Kyle W. Shertzer, Enric Cortes, Robert J. Latour
Abundance Trends Of Highly Migratory Species In The Atlantic Ocean: Accounting For Water Temperature Profiles, Patrick D. Lynch, Kyle W. Shertzer, Enric Cortes, Robert J. Latour
VIMS Articles
Relative abundance trends of highly migratory species (HMS) have played a central role in debates over the health of global fisheries. However, such trends have mostly been inferred from fishery catch rates, which can provide misleading signals of relative abundance. While many biases are accounted for through traditional catch rate standardization, pelagic habitat fished is rarely directly considered. Using a method that explicitly accounts for temperature regimes, we analysed data from the US pelagic longline fishery to estimate relative abundance trends for 34 HMS in the Atlantic Ocean from 1987 through 2013. This represents one of the largest studies of …
Host And Symbionts In Pocillopora Damicornis Larvae Display Different Transcriptomic Responses To Ocean Acidification And Warming, Emily B. Rivest, Morgan B. Kelly, Melissa B. Debiasse, Gretchen E. Hofmann
Host And Symbionts In Pocillopora Damicornis Larvae Display Different Transcriptomic Responses To Ocean Acidification And Warming, Emily B. Rivest, Morgan B. Kelly, Melissa B. Debiasse, Gretchen E. Hofmann
VIMS Articles
As global ocean change progresses, reef-building corals and their early life history stages will rely on physiological plasticity to tolerate new environmental conditions. Larvae from brooding coral species contain algal symbionts upon release, which assist with the energy requirements of dispersal and metamorphosis. Global ocean change threatens the success of larval dispersal and settlement by challenging the performance of the larvae and of the symbiosis. In this study, larvae of the reef-building coral Pocillopora damicornis were exposed to elevated pCO2 and temperature to examine the performance of the coral and its symbionts in situ and better understand the mechanisms of …
Comparative Performance Of Three Length-Based Mortality Estimators, Quang C. Huynh, Jennifer Beckensteiner, Liese M. Carleton, Benjamin J. Marcek, Vaskar Nepal Kc, Cassidy D. Peterson, Megan A. Wood, John M. Hoenig
Comparative Performance Of Three Length-Based Mortality Estimators, Quang C. Huynh, Jennifer Beckensteiner, Liese M. Carleton, Benjamin J. Marcek, Vaskar Nepal Kc, Cassidy D. Peterson, Megan A. Wood, John M. Hoenig
VIMS Articles
Length‐based methods provide alternatives for estimating the instantaneous total mortality rate (Z) in exploited marine populations when data are not available for age‐based methods. We compared the performance of three equilibrium length‐based methods: the length‐converted catch curve (LCCC), the Beverton–Holt equation (BHE), and the length‐based spawning potential ratio (LB‐SPR) method. The LCCC and BHE are two historically common procedures that use length as a proxy for age. From a truncated length‐frequency distribution of fully selected animals, the LCCC estimates Z with a regression of the logarithm of catch at length by the midpoint of the length‐bins, while the …
Activity Seascapes Highlight Central Place Foraging Strategies In Marine Predators That Never Stop Swimming, Yannis P. Papastamatiou, Yuuki Y. Watanabe, Urska Demšar, Vianey Leos-Barajas, Darcy Bradley, Roland Langrock, Kevin C. Weng, Christopher Lowe, Alan M. Friedlander, Jennifer E. Caselle
Activity Seascapes Highlight Central Place Foraging Strategies In Marine Predators That Never Stop Swimming, Yannis P. Papastamatiou, Yuuki Y. Watanabe, Urska Demšar, Vianey Leos-Barajas, Darcy Bradley, Roland Langrock, Kevin C. Weng, Christopher Lowe, Alan M. Friedlander, Jennifer E. Caselle
VIMS Articles
Background: Central place foragers (CPF) rest within a central place, and theory predicts that distance of patches from this central place sets the outer limits of the foraging arena. Many marine ectothermic predators behave like CPF animals, but never stop swimming, suggesting that predators will incur ‘travelling’ costs while resting. Currently, it is unknown how these CPF predators behave or how modulation of behavior contributes to daily energy budgets. We combine acoustic telemetry, multi-sensor loggers, and hidden Markov models (HMMs) to generate ‘activity seascapes’, which combine space use with patterns of activity, for reef sharks (blacktip reef and grey reef …
Gear And Survey Efficiency Of Patent Tongs For Oyster Populations On Restoration Reefs, David M. Schulte, Rom Lipcius, Rp Burke
Gear And Survey Efficiency Of Patent Tongs For Oyster Populations On Restoration Reefs, David M. Schulte, Rom Lipcius, Rp Burke
VIMS Articles
Surveys of restored oyster reefs need to produce accurate population estimates to assess the efficacy of restoration. Due to the complex structure of subtidal oyster reefs, one effective and efficient means to sample is by patent tongs, rather than SCUBA, dredges, or bottom cores. Restored reefs vary in relief and oyster density, either of which could affect survey efficiency. This study is the first to evaluate gear (the first full grab) and survey (which includes selecting a specific half portion of the first grab for further processing) efficiencies of hand-operated patent tongs as a function of reef height and oyster …
Debating The Effectiveness Of Marine Protected Areas, Linwood H. Pendleton, Gabby N. Ahmadia, Howard I. Browman, Ruth Thurstan, David M. Kaplan, Valerio Bartolino
Debating The Effectiveness Of Marine Protected Areas, Linwood H. Pendleton, Gabby N. Ahmadia, Howard I. Browman, Ruth Thurstan, David M. Kaplan, Valerio Bartolino
VIMS Articles
Increasing the size and number of marine protected areas (MPAs) is widely seen as a way to meet ambitious biodiversity and sustainable development goals. Yet, debate still exists on the effectiveness of MPAs in achieving ecological and societal objectives. Although the literature provides significant evidence of the ecological effects of MPAs within their boundaries, much remains to be learned about the ecological and social effects of MPAs on regional and seascape scales. Key to improving the effectiveness of MPAs, and ensuring that they achieve desired outcomes, will be better monitoring that includes ecological and social data collected inside and outside …
Tidal Habitats Support Large Numbers Of Invasive Blue Catfish In A Chesapeake Bay Subestuary, Mary C. Fabrizio, Troy D. Tuckey, Robert J. Latour, Gary C. White, Alicia J. Norris
Tidal Habitats Support Large Numbers Of Invasive Blue Catfish In A Chesapeake Bay Subestuary, Mary C. Fabrizio, Troy D. Tuckey, Robert J. Latour, Gary C. White, Alicia J. Norris
VIMS Articles
The introduction of a non-native freshwater fish, blue catfish Ictalurus furcatus, in tributaries of Chesapeake Bay resulted in the establishment of fisheries and in the expansion of the population into brackish habitats. Blue catfish are an invasive species in the Chesapeake Bay region, and efforts are underway to limit their impacts on native communities. Key characteristics of the population (population size, survival rates) are unknown, but such knowledge is useful in understanding the impact of blue catfish in estuarine systems. We estimated population size and survival rates of blue catfish in tidal habitats of the James River subestuary. We tagged …
Allometry Of Individual Reproduction And Defense In Eusocial Colonies: A Comparative Approach To Trade-Offs In Social Sponge- Dwelling Synalpheus Shrimps, Sarah L. Bornbusch, Jonathan S. Lefcheck, J. Emmett Duffy
Allometry Of Individual Reproduction And Defense In Eusocial Colonies: A Comparative Approach To Trade-Offs In Social Sponge- Dwelling Synalpheus Shrimps, Sarah L. Bornbusch, Jonathan S. Lefcheck, J. Emmett Duffy
VIMS Articles
Eusociality, one of the most complex forms of social organization, is thought to have evolved in several animal clades in response to competition for resources and reproductive opportunities. Several species of snapping shrimp in the genus Synalpheus, the only marine organisms known to exhibit eusociality, form colonies characterized by high reproductive skew, and aggressive territoriality coupled with cooperative defense. In eusocial Synalpheus colonies, individual reproduction is limited to female 'queens', whose fecundity dictates colony growth. Given that individual reproduction and defense are both energetically costly, individual and colony fitness likely depend on the optimal allocation of resources by these reproducing …
Genetic Evaluation Of Population Structure In White Marlin (Kajikia Albida): The Importance Of Statistical Power, Nadya Mamoozadeh, Jan Mcdowell, Jay R. Rooker, John E. Graves
Genetic Evaluation Of Population Structure In White Marlin (Kajikia Albida): The Importance Of Statistical Power, Nadya Mamoozadeh, Jan Mcdowell, Jay R. Rooker, John E. Graves
VIMS Articles
The genetic basis of population structure in white marlin (Kajikia albida) is not well understood. Previous evaluation of genetic population structure in this species utilized a small number of molecular markers to survey genetic variation across opportunistically collected samples of adults, resulting in statistically significant levels of genetic differentiation for some pairwise comparisons and global levels of genetic differentiation that approached statistical significance. This study increased statistical power to improve resolution of genetic population structure in white marlin by surveying a larger number of molecular markers across sample collections of increased size, including collections from additional geographic locations …
Mitotic Instability In Triploid And Tetraploid One-Year-Old Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica, Assessed By Cytogenetic And Flow Cytometry Techniques, Jt De Sousa, Standish K. Allen Jr., Bm Wolfe, Ja Moss
Mitotic Instability In Triploid And Tetraploid One-Year-Old Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica, Assessed By Cytogenetic And Flow Cytometry Techniques, Jt De Sousa, Standish K. Allen Jr., Bm Wolfe, Ja Moss
VIMS Articles
For commercial oyster aquaculture, triploidy has significant advantages. To produce triploids, the principal technology uses diploid x tetraploid crosses. The development of tetraploid brood stock for this purpose has been successful, but as more is understood about tetraploids, it seems clear that chromosome instability is a principal feature in oysters. This paper is a continuation of work to investigate chromosome instability in polyploid Crassostrea virginica. We established families between tetraploids-apparently stable (non-mosaic) and unstable (mosaic)-and normal reference diploids, creating triploid groups, as well as tetraploids between mosaic and non-mosaic tetraploids. Chromosome loss was about the same for triploid juveniles produced …
Batal The Balloon Measurement Campaigns Of The Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer, Jp Vernier, Td Fairlie, T Deshler, Mv Ratnam, H Gadhavi, Et Al.
Batal The Balloon Measurement Campaigns Of The Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer, Jp Vernier, Td Fairlie, T Deshler, Mv Ratnam, H Gadhavi, Et Al.
VIMS Articles
We describe and show results from a series of field campaigns that used balloonborne instruments launched from India and Saudi Arabia during the summers 2014-17 to study the nature, formation, and impacts of the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL). The campaign goals were to i) characterize the optical, physical, and chemical properties of the ATAL; ii) assess its impacts on water vapor and ozone; and iii) understand the role of convection in its formation. To address these objectives, we launched 68 balloons from four locations, one in Saudi Arabia and three in India, with payload weights ranging from 1.5 to …
Habitat Complexity And Benthic Predator-Prey Interactions In Chesapeake Bay, Cn Glaspie, Rochelle D. Seitz
Habitat Complexity And Benthic Predator-Prey Interactions In Chesapeake Bay, Cn Glaspie, Rochelle D. Seitz
VIMS Articles
In Chesapeake Bay, the soft-shell clam Mya arenaria (thin-shelled, deep-burrowing) exhibits population declines when predators are active, and it persists at low densities. In contrast, the hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria (thick-shelled, shallow-burrowing) has a stable population and age distribution. We examined the potential for habitat and predators to control densities and distributions of bivalves in a field caging experiment (Mya only) and laboratory mesocosm experiments (both species). In the field, clams exposed to predators experienced 76.3% greater mortality as compared to caged individuals, and blue crabs were likely responsible for most of the mortality of juvenile Mya. In mesocosm experiments, …
Latitude, Temperature, And Habitat Complexity Predict Predation Pressure In Eelgrass Beds Across The Northern Hemisphere, Pl Reynolds, Jj Stachowicz, K Hovel, C Bostrom, K Boyer, Et Al.
Latitude, Temperature, And Habitat Complexity Predict Predation Pressure In Eelgrass Beds Across The Northern Hemisphere, Pl Reynolds, Jj Stachowicz, K Hovel, C Bostrom, K Boyer, Et Al.
VIMS Articles
Latitudinal gradients in species interactions are widely cited as potential causes or consequences of global patterns of biodiversity. However, mechanistic studies documenting changes in interactions across broad geographic ranges are limited. We surveyed predation intensity on common prey (live amphipods and gastropods) in communities of eelgrass (Zostera marina) at 48 sites across its Northern Hemisphere range, encompassing over 37 degrees of latitude and four continental coastlines. Predation on amphipods declined with latitude on all coasts but declined more strongly along western ocean margins where temperature gradients are steeper. Whereas insitu water temperature at the time of the experiments was uncorrelated …
Biological Reference Points For Atlantic Surfclam (Spisula Solidissima) In Warming Seas, Dr Hennen, Roger Mann, Dm Munroe, En Powell
Biological Reference Points For Atlantic Surfclam (Spisula Solidissima) In Warming Seas, Dr Hennen, Roger Mann, Dm Munroe, En Powell
VIMS Articles
Atlantic surfclam (Spisula solidissima) are a large, commercially important shellfish in the United States faced with several important management challenges. Compared to many harvested fish and shellfish, their life history is relatively unknown. They are undergoing contraction in the southern and inshore parts of their range, as well as expansion into deeper water. Atlantic surfclam are thermally sensitive, and the changes in their distribution track changes in maximum bottom temperature. Sessile species cannot emigrate and are limited to recruitment and mortality as mechanisms for redistribution in response to changing climate. Management of Atlantic surf clam should account for these challenges. …
Millennial Soil Retention Of Terrestrial Organic Matter Deposited In The Bengal Fan, Kl French, Christopher J. Hein, N Haghipour, L Wacker, Hr Kudrass
Millennial Soil Retention Of Terrestrial Organic Matter Deposited In The Bengal Fan, Kl French, Christopher J. Hein, N Haghipour, L Wacker, Hr Kudrass
VIMS Articles
The abundance of organic carbon (OC) in vegetation and soils (similar to 2,600 PgC) compared to carbon in the atmosphere (similar to 830 PgC) highlights the importance of terrestrial OC in global carbon budgets. The residence time of OC in continental reservoirs, which sets the rates of carbon exchange between land and atmosphere, represents a key uncertainty in global carbon cycle dynamics. Retention of terrestrial OC can also distort bulk OC- and biomarker-based paleorecords, yet continental storage timescales remain poorly quantified. Using "bomb" radiocarbon (C-14) from thermonuclear weapons testing as a tracer, we model leaf-wax fatty acid and bulk OC …
Biotime: A Database Of Biodiversity Time Series For The Anthropocene, M Dornelas, Lh Antao, F Moyes, Ae Bates, Ae Magurran, Et Al., Jonathan S. Lefcheck
Biotime: A Database Of Biodiversity Time Series For The Anthropocene, M Dornelas, Lh Antao, F Moyes, Ae Bates, Ae Magurran, Et Al., Jonathan S. Lefcheck
VIMS Articles
Motivation: The BioTIME database contains raw data on species identities and abundances in ecological assemblages through time. These data enable users to calculate temporal trends in biodiversity within and amongst assemblages using a broad range of metrics. BioTIME is being developed as a community-led open-source database of biodiversity time series. Our goal is to accelerate and facilitate quantitative analysis of temporal patterns of biodiversity in the Anthropocene. Main types of variables included: The database contains 8,777,413 species abundance records, from assemblages consistently sampled for a minimum of 2 years, which need not necessarily be consecutive. In addition, the database contains …
Predicting Marsh Vulnerability To Sea-Level Rise Using Holocene Relative Sea-Level Data, Bp Horton, I Shennan, Sl Bradley, N Cahill, Matthew L. Kirwan, Re Kopp, Ta Shaw
Predicting Marsh Vulnerability To Sea-Level Rise Using Holocene Relative Sea-Level Data, Bp Horton, I Shennan, Sl Bradley, N Cahill, Matthew L. Kirwan, Re Kopp, Ta Shaw
VIMS Articles
Tidal marshes rank among Earth's vulnerable ecosystems, which will retreat if future rates of relative sea-level rise (RSLR) exceed marshes' ability to accrete vertically. Here, we assess the limits to marsh vulnerability by analyzing >780 Holocene reconstructions of tidal marsh evolution in Great Britain. These reconstructions include both transgressive (tidal marsh retreat) and regressive (tidal marsh expansion) contacts. The probability of a marsh retreat was conditional upon Holocene rates of RSLR, which varied between -7.7 and 15.2 mm/yr. Holocene records indicate that marshes are nine times more likely to retreat than expand when RSLR rates are >= 7.1 mm/yr. Coupling …
A Review Of The Systematic Biology Of Fossil And Living Bony-Tongue Fishes, Osteoglossomorpha (Actinopterygii: Teleostei), Eric J. Hilton, Sebastien Lavoue
A Review Of The Systematic Biology Of Fossil And Living Bony-Tongue Fishes, Osteoglossomorpha (Actinopterygii: Teleostei), Eric J. Hilton, Sebastien Lavoue
VIMS Articles
The bony-tongue fishes, Osteoglossomorpha, have been the focus of a great deal of morphological, systematic, and evolutionary study, due in part to their basal position among extant teleostean fishes. This group includes the mooneyes (Hiodontidae), knifefishes (Notopteridae), the abu (Gymnarchidae), elephantfishes (Mormyridae), arawanas and pirarucu (Osteoglossidae), and the African butterfly fish (Pantodontidae). This morphologically heterogeneous group also has a long and diverse fossil record, including taxa from all continents and both freshwater and marine deposits. The phylogenetic relationships among most extant osteoglossomorph families are widely agreed upon. However, there is still much to discover about the systematic biology of these …
Numerical Model Of Geochronological Tracers For Deposition And Reworking Applied To The Mississippi Subaqueous Delta, Jj Birchler, Courtney K. Harris, Ta Kniskern, Cr Sherwood
Numerical Model Of Geochronological Tracers For Deposition And Reworking Applied To The Mississippi Subaqueous Delta, Jj Birchler, Courtney K. Harris, Ta Kniskern, Cr Sherwood
VIMS Articles
Measurements of naturally occurring, short-lived radioisotopes from sediment cores on the Mississippi subaqueous delta have been used to infer event bed characteristics such as depositional thicknesses and accumulation rates. Specifically, the presence of Beryllium-7 (Be-7) indicates recent riverine-derived terrestrial sediment deposition; while Thorium-234 (Th-234) provides evidence of recent suspension in marine waters. Sediment transport models typically represent coastal flood and storm deposition via estimated grain size patterns and deposit thicknesses, however, and do not directly calculate radioisotope activities and profiles, which leads to a disconnect between the numerical model and field observations. Here, observed radioisotopic profiles from the Mississippi subaqueous …
Cross-Scale Baroclinic Simulation Of The Effect Of Channel Dredging In An Estuarine Setting, Fei Ye, Harry V. Wang, H Huang, Zg Wang, Z Liu, X Li
Cross-Scale Baroclinic Simulation Of The Effect Of Channel Dredging In An Estuarine Setting, Fei Ye, Harry V. Wang, H Huang, Zg Wang, Z Liu, X Li
VIMS Articles
Holistic simulation approaches are often required to assess human impacts on a river-estuary-coastal system, due to the intrinsically linked processes of contrasting spatial scales. In this paper, a Semi-implicit Cross-scale Hydroscience Integrated System Model (SCHISM) is applied in quantifying the impact of a proposed hydraulic engineering project on the estuarine hydrodynamics. The project involves channel dredging and land expansion that traverse several spatial scales on an ocean-estuary-river-tributary axis. SCHISM is suitable for this undertaking due to its flexible horizontal and vertical grid design and, more importantly, its efficient high-order implicit schemes applied in both the momentum and transport calculations. These …
Discerning Autotrophy, Mixotrophy And Heterotrophyin Marine Tack Archaea From The North Atlantic, L M. Seyler, L. R. Mcguinness, J. A. Gilbert, J. F. Biddle, Donglai Gong, L. J. Kerkhof
Discerning Autotrophy, Mixotrophy And Heterotrophyin Marine Tack Archaea From The North Atlantic, L M. Seyler, L. R. Mcguinness, J. A. Gilbert, J. F. Biddle, Donglai Gong, L. J. Kerkhof
VIMS Articles
DNA stable isotope probing (SIP) was used to track the uptake of organic and inorganic carbon sources for TACK archaea(Thaumarchaeota/Aigarchaeota/Crenarchaeota/Korarchaeota) on a cruise of opportunity in the North Atlantic. Due to water limitations, duplicate samples from the deep photic (60–115 m), the mesopelagic zones (local oxygen minimum; 215–835 m)and the bathypelagic zone (2085–2835 m) were amended with various combinations of12C- or13C-acetate/urea/bicarbonate to assess cellular carbon acquisition. The SIP results indicated the majority of TACK archaeal operational taxonomic units(OTUs) incorporated13C from acetate and/or urea into newly synthesized DNA within 48 h. A small fraction (16%) of the OTUs, often representing the …
Intensified Environmental And Density-Dependent Regulation Of White Perch Recruitment After An Ecosystem Shift In The Hudson River Estuary, Bk Gallagher, Dh Secor
Intensified Environmental And Density-Dependent Regulation Of White Perch Recruitment After An Ecosystem Shift In The Hudson River Estuary, Bk Gallagher, Dh Secor
VIMS Articles
Long-term monitoring data were used to test whether the invasion of zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) in the Hudson River Estuary in 1991 altered the influence of density dependence and environmental conditions on life-stage transitions, growth, and partial migration in white perch (Morone americana). During the post-invasion period (1992-2013), we estimated standing stocks of white perch eggs, yolk-sac larvae (YSL), post-yolk-sac larvae (PYSL), young-of-the-year (YOY), and adults as well as indices of YOY growth and spatial distribution. A series of linear and nonlinear functions were employed to model life-stage transitions, while the effects of six environmental and density-dependent variables on YOY …
An Analysis Of Fishing Selectivity For Northeast Us Multispecies Bottom Trawlers, Andrew M. Scheld, John Walden
An Analysis Of Fishing Selectivity For Northeast Us Multispecies Bottom Trawlers, Andrew M. Scheld, John Walden
VIMS Articles
Observed production sets in multispecies fisheries are affected by regulatory incentives influencing spatiotemporal fishing decisions. Rights-based output controls can promote selective fishing; however, this ability may be limited and insufficient in achieving full utilization of catch quotas. We measure fishing selectivity for bottom trawlers catching federally regulated groundfish in the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank before and after the introduction of rights-based output controls. Directional distance functions are applied to tow-level catch data collected by fishery observers to construct a measure of selectivity equal to the difference between strong and weak output disposal efficient production frontiers. Quantile regressions are …
Future Research Directions On The "Elusive" White Shark, C Huveneers, K Apps, Et Al, Kevin C. Weng
Future Research Directions On The "Elusive" White Shark, C Huveneers, K Apps, Et Al, Kevin C. Weng
VIMS Articles
White sharks, Carcharodon carcharias, are often described as elusive, with little information available due to the logistical difficulties of studying large marine predators that make long-distance migrations across ocean basins. Increased understanding of aggregation patterns, combined with recent advances in technology have, however, facilitated a new breadth of studies revealing fresh insights into the biology and ecology of white sharks. Although we may no longer be able to refer to the white shark as a little-known, elusive species, there remain numerous key questions that warrant investigation and research focus. Although white sharks have separate populations, they seemingly share similar biological …
Consequences Of Drift And Carcass Decomposition For Estimating Sea Turtle Mortality Hotspots, Bianca Santos, David M. Kaplan, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Susan G. Barco, Katherine L. Mansfield, James P. Manning
Consequences Of Drift And Carcass Decomposition For Estimating Sea Turtle Mortality Hotspots, Bianca Santos, David M. Kaplan, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs, Susan G. Barco, Katherine L. Mansfield, James P. Manning
VIMS Articles
Sea turtle strandings provide important mortality information, yet knowledge of turtle carcass at-sea drift and decomposition characteristics are needed to better understand and manage where these mortalities occur. We used empirical sea turtle carcass decomposition and drift experiments in the Chesapeake Bay, Virginia, USA to estimate probable carcass oceanic drift times and quantify the impact of direct wind forcing on carcass drift. Based on the time period during which free-floating turtle carcasses tethered nearshore were buoyant, we determined that oceanic drift duration of turtle carcasses was highly dependent on water temperature and varied from 2 to 15 days during typical …
Watershed-Scale Drivers Of Air-Water Co2 Exchanges In Two Lagoonal North Carolina (Usa) Estuaries, Bryce R. Van Dam, Joseph R. Crosswell, Iris C. Anderson, Hans W. Paerl
Watershed-Scale Drivers Of Air-Water Co2 Exchanges In Two Lagoonal North Carolina (Usa) Estuaries, Bryce R. Van Dam, Joseph R. Crosswell, Iris C. Anderson, Hans W. Paerl
VIMS Articles
Riverine loading of nutrients and organic matter act in concert to modulate CO2 fluxes in estuaries, yet quantitative relationships between these factors remain poorly defined. This study explored watershed-scale mechanisms responsible for the relatively low CO2 fluxes observed in two microtidal, lagoonal estuaries. Air-water CO2 fluxes were quantified with 74 high-resolution spatial surveys in the neighboring New River Estuary (NewRE) and Neuse River Estuary (NeuseRE), North Carolina, which experience a common climatology but differ in marine versus riverine influence. Annually, both estuaries were relatively small sources of CO2 to the atmosphere, 12.5 and 16.3mmolCm(-2)d(-1) in the NeuseRE and NewRE, respectively. …
Effects Of Estuarine Acidification On An Oyster-Associated Community In New South Wales, Australia, Cassandra N. Glaspie, Sr Jenkinson, Rochelle D. Seitz
Effects Of Estuarine Acidification On An Oyster-Associated Community In New South Wales, Australia, Cassandra N. Glaspie, Sr Jenkinson, Rochelle D. Seitz
VIMS Articles
Many of the features that make estuaries among the most productive natural systems on earth also make them prone to acidification. Understanding the effects of estuarine acidification on different components of an ecological community is an important step in identifying indicators of ecosystem degradation. This study examined the impact of estuarine acidification, as a result of acid sulfate soil runoff, on wild Sydney rock oysters Saccostrea glomerata and their associated epifaunal communities in estuaries experiencing acid sulfate soil runoff in New South Wales, Australia. The responses of oysters and their invertebrate epifaunal communities to chronic acidification (greater than 6 mo; …
Scanning Electron Microscopic Aids For Identification Of Larval And Post-Larval Bivalves, Ra Lutz, Et Al., Michael Castagna, Roger L. Mann
Scanning Electron Microscopic Aids For Identification Of Larval And Post-Larval Bivalves, Ra Lutz, Et Al., Michael Castagna, Roger L. Mann
VIMS Articles
The identification of bivalve larvae and early postlarvae in plankton and benthic samples has long been a challenge, hampering both basic and applied research efforts in marine, estuarine, and freshwater environments. The usefulness of published optical micrographs of the early life-history stages of bivalves is limited because of the great morphological similarity of the imaged articulated shells, particularly at the early (straight-hinge) developmental stages. While a number of techniques have been refined in recent years and show promise for use in routine identifications of larval and post-larval bivalves (e.g., single-step nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction; in situ hybridization protocols through …
Wetlands In A Changing Climate: Science, Policy And Management, Wr Moomaw, Gl Chmura, Gt Davies, Cm Finlayson, Ba Middleton, Sm Natali, Je Perry, N Roulet, Ar Sutton-Grier
Wetlands In A Changing Climate: Science, Policy And Management, Wr Moomaw, Gl Chmura, Gt Davies, Cm Finlayson, Ba Middleton, Sm Natali, Je Perry, N Roulet, Ar Sutton-Grier
VIMS Articles
Part 1 of this review synthesizes recent research on status and climate vulnerability of freshwater and saltwater wetlands, and their contribution to addressing climate change (carbon cycle, adaptation, resilience). Peatlands and vegetated coastal wetlands are among the most carbon rich sinks on the planet sequestering approximately as much carbon as do global forest ecosystems. Estimates of the consequences of rising temperature on current wetland carbon storage and future carbon sequestration potential are summarized. We also demonstrate the need to prevent drying of wetlands and thawing of permafrost by disturbances and rising temperatures to protect wetland carbon stores and climate adaptation/resiliency …