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- Biological Sciences Peer-Reviewed Articles (35)
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- ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; FACTOR-BETA SUPERFAMILY; LIGHT-CHAIN KINASE; CAENORHABDITIS-ELEGANS; TYROSINE KINASE; BIVALVE MOLLUSK; POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATIONS; DOPAMINERGIC-NEURONS; MOLECULAR-MECHANISMS; SIGNAL-TRANSDUCTION (1)
- Aryl-Hydrocarbon Receptor; Different Exposure Histories; Glutathione-S-Transferase; Zebrafish Danio-Rerio; Contaminated Site; Elizabeth River; Breast-Cancer; Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression; Chemical Carcinogenesis; Hematopoietic Tissues (1)
- Atlantic Time-Series; Northwestern Mediterranean Sea; Naturally-Occurring Particles; Organic-Matter Transport; Potential Grazing Impact; Thalia-Democratica; Fecal Pellets; Pelagic Tunicates; Interannual Variability; Feeding-Behavior (1)
- BENGUELA FRONTAL ZONE; MARINE PROTECTED AREA; STOCK-ASSESSMENT; MATERNAL-AGE; LIFE-HISTORY; MANAGEMENT; FLUCTUATIONS; RECRUITMENT; SELECTION; SURVIVAL (1)
- Bayesian Hierarchical-Models; Fish Stocks; Morphoedaphic Index; Growth-Parameters; Species Richness; Temperature; Metaanalysis; Information; Recruitment; Fisheries (1)
- Biodiversity · Ecosystem functioning · Habitat structure · Predator richness (1)
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- CROAKER MICROPOGONIAS-UNDULATUS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; ATLANTIC CROAKER; BODY-COMPOSITION; DEMERSAL FISHES; RIVER ESTUARY; BROWN SHRIMP; ENERGY; CONSEQUENCES; AVOIDANCE (1)
- Catch-Curve Data; Striped Bass; Largemouth Bass; Cohort Analysis; Chesapeake Bay; Barents Sea; Larval Fish; Survival; Growth; Model (1)
- Chesapeake Bay · Ecosystem engineer · Foundation species · Functional redundancy (1)
- Chesapeake Bay; Estuary; Events; Isabel (1)
- Chesapeake Bay; Multidecadal Oscillation; Density-Dependence; Fish Recruitment; Larval Transport; Common Trends; United-States; Time-Series; East-Coast; Climate (1)
- Chronic Nutrient Enrichment; Northern New-England; Spartina-Alterniflora; Nitrogen Deposition; Long-Term; Top-Down; Coastal Eutrophication; Wetland Stability; Biodiversity Loss; United-States (1)
- Clam Aquaculture; Mercenaria Mercenaria; Ecological Effects; Nekton; Benthos (1)
- Coastal Wetland Vulnerability; Salt-Marsh; Climate-Change; Multimetric Indexes; Die-Off; Ecosystems; Responses; Habitats; Impacts; Co2 (1)
- Coastal sediments (1)
- Conservation; Services; Management; Coastal; Fisheries; Reef (1)
- Coral-Reefs; Marine Ecosystems; Diversity; Productivity; Patterns; Impacts; Ecology; Vulnerability; Predictors; Predators (1)
- Crassostrea virginica · Nitrogen · Denitrification · Oyster reefs · Biogenic habitat · Ecosystem engineers (1)
- DISSOLVED ORGANIC NITROGEN; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; MARINE CYANOBACTERIUM TRICHODESMIUM; CORAL-REEF LAGOON; N-2 FIXATION; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; DINITROGEN FIXATION; PLANKTON BIOMASS; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; SOUTHERN-OCEAN (1)
- DOC; CDOM; Chesapeake Bay; Middle Atlantic Bight; carbon cycling (1)
- Data Assimilation System; Deep-Water; Ocean Circulation; Fresh-Water; Temperature; Sensitivity; Salinity; Inflow (1)
- Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction; Nitric-Oxide; Cytochrome P450Nor; N2O Production; Soil; Codenitrification; Bacteria; Emission; Hypoxia; No (1)
Articles 61 - 88 of 88
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Effects Of Predator Richness And Habitat Heterogeneity On Prey Suppression In An Estuarine Food Chain, Leonardo K. Miyashita, J. Paul Richardson, J. Emmett Duffy
Effects Of Predator Richness And Habitat Heterogeneity On Prey Suppression In An Estuarine Food Chain, Leonardo K. Miyashita, J. Paul Richardson, J. Emmett Duffy
VIMS Articles
Predator influence on the structure of prey communities can be mediated by habitat heterogeneity, the effects of which may cascade to the base of the food webs, altering producer biomass and species composition. We carried out a mesocosm experiment manipulating the identity and richness of predators and habitat heterogeneity to test their influence on resource use effectiveness, competition among predators, and trophic cascades in a model estuarine system with 3 trophic levels (microalgae, mysids, and the predators blue crab Callinectes sapidus, sand shrimp Crangon septemspinosa, and grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio). We hypothesized that increasing predator species richness would increase mysid …
Biological Activity Exceeds Biogenic Structure In Influencing Sediment Nitrogen Cycling In Experimental Oyster Reefs, Ashley R. Smyth, Nathan R. Geraldi, Suzanne P. Thompson, Michael F. Piehler
Biological Activity Exceeds Biogenic Structure In Influencing Sediment Nitrogen Cycling In Experimental Oyster Reefs, Ashley R. Smyth, Nathan R. Geraldi, Suzanne P. Thompson, Michael F. Piehler
VIMS Articles
Oysters are estuarine ecosystem engineers, in that their physical structure and biological function affect ecosystem processes such as organic matter and nutrient cycling. Oysters deliver material to the sediments through biodeposition and sedimentation caused by modification of flow around the reef. We conducted an experiment to distinguish between biotic effects and physical structure of oyster reefs on sediment nitrogen cycling. Experimental reefs consisting of live oysters, oyster shells alone and mudflats (controls) were sampled for a period of 4 wk for sediment organic matter, C and N content and fluxes of nitrogen (NH4 +, NOX and N2) and oxygen (O2). …
Modeling Spatial Expansion Of Invasive Alien Species: Relative Contributions Of Environmental And Anthropogenic Factors To The Spreading Of The Harlequin Ladybird In France, Sophie Veran, Sylvain Piry, Vincent Ternois, Christine N. Meynard, Benoit Facon, Arnaud Estoup
Modeling Spatial Expansion Of Invasive Alien Species: Relative Contributions Of Environmental And Anthropogenic Factors To The Spreading Of The Harlequin Ladybird In France, Sophie Veran, Sylvain Piry, Vincent Ternois, Christine N. Meynard, Benoit Facon, Arnaud Estoup
VIMS Articles
Species distribution models (SDM) have often been used to predict the potential ranges of introduced species and prioritize management strategies. However, this approach assumes equilibrium between occurrences and environmental gradients, an assumption which is violated during the invasion process, where many suitable sites are empty because the species has not yet reached them. Here we considered the invasive ladybird Harmonia axyridis as a case study to show the benefits of using a dynamic colonization–extinction model that does not assume equilibrium. We used a multi-year occupancy model incorporating environmental, anthropogenic and neighborhood effects, to identify factors that explained spreading variation of …
Using Lidar Elevation Data To Develop A Topobathymetric Digital Elevation Model For Sub-Grid Inundation Modeling At Langley Research Center, Jon Derek Loftis, Harry V. Wang, Rj Deyoung, Wb Ball
Using Lidar Elevation Data To Develop A Topobathymetric Digital Elevation Model For Sub-Grid Inundation Modeling At Langley Research Center, Jon Derek Loftis, Harry V. Wang, Rj Deyoung, Wb Ball
VIMS Articles
Technological progression in light detection and ranging permits the production of highly detailed digital elevation models, which are useful in sub-grid hydrodynamic modeling applications. Sub-grid modeling technology is capable of incorporating these high-resolution lidar-derived elevation measurements into the conventional hydrodynamic modeling framework to resolve detailed topographic features for inclusion in a hydrological transport model for runoff simulations. The horizontal resolution and vertical accuracy of the digital elevation model is augmented via inclusion of these lidar elevation values on a nested 5-m sub-grid within each coarse computational grid cell. This aids in resolving ditches and overland drainage infrastructure at Langley Research …
Levels, Sources And Chemical Fate Of Persistent Organic Pollutants In The Atmosphere And Snow Along The Western Antarctic Peninsula, Ma Khairy, Jl Luek, R Dickhut, R Lohmann
Levels, Sources And Chemical Fate Of Persistent Organic Pollutants In The Atmosphere And Snow Along The Western Antarctic Peninsula, Ma Khairy, Jl Luek, R Dickhut, R Lohmann
VIMS Articles
The Antarctic continent is among the most pristine regions; yet various organic contaminants have been measured there routinely. Air and snow samples were collected during the austral spring (October November, 2010) along the western Antarctic Peninsula and analyzed for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) to assess the relative importance of long-range transport versus local primary or secondary emissions. Highest concentrations of PCBs, PBDEs and DDTs were observed in the glacier's snow sample, highlighting the importance of melting glaciers as a possible secondary source of legacy pollutants to the Antarctic. In the atmosphere, contaminants were …
Saltmarsh Plant Responses To Eutrophication, David S. Johnson, Rs Warren, La Deegan, Tj Mozdzer
Saltmarsh Plant Responses To Eutrophication, David S. Johnson, Rs Warren, La Deegan, Tj Mozdzer
VIMS Articles
In saltmarsh plant communities, bottom-up pressure from nutrient enrichment is predicted to increase productivity, alter community structure, decrease biodiversity, and alter ecosystem functioning. Previous work supporting these predictions has been based largely on short-term, plot-level (e.g., 1-300 m(2)) studies, which may miss landscape-level phenomena that drive ecosystem-level responses. We implemented an ecosystem-scale, nine-year nutrient experiment to examine how saltmarsh plants respond to simulated conditions of coastal eutrophication. Our study differed from previous saltmarsh enrichment studies in that we applied realistic concentrations of nitrate (70-100 mu M NO3-), the most common form of coastal nutrient enrichment, via tidal water at the …
Water Residence Time In Chesapeake Bay For 1980-2012, Jb Du, Jian Shen
Water Residence Time In Chesapeake Bay For 1980-2012, Jb Du, Jian Shen
VIMS Articles
Concerns have grown over the increase of nutrients and pollutants discharged into the estuaries and coastal seas. The retention and export of these materials inside a system depends on the residence time (RT). A long-term simulation of time-varying RT of the Chesapeake Bay was conducted over the period from 1980 to 2012. The 33-year simulation results show that the mean RT of the entire Chesapeake Bay system ranges from 110 to 264 days, with an average value of 180 days. The RT was larger in the bottom layers than in the surface layers due to the persistent stratification and estuarine …
An Individual-Based Approach To Year-Class Strength Estimation, S Thanassekos, Rj Latour, Mary C. Fabrizio
An Individual-Based Approach To Year-Class Strength Estimation, S Thanassekos, Rj Latour, Mary C. Fabrizio
VIMS Articles
Estimating year-class strength-the number of larvae hatched in a given year-from survey data is key to investigating fish population dynamics. Year-class strength can be estimated from catch-at-age data using catch curves. In practice, most catch-curve assumptions are violated, which can result in spurious estimates of year-class strength. Among the simplifying assumptions is that pooling individuals into annual age-classes provides a representation of the population age structure that is adequate for estimating mortality. This oversimplification is unnecessary when age data are available at finer scales, and can lead to biased results. We present a new method to estimate past year-class strength …
Beyond The Benchtop And The Benthos: Dataset Management Planning And Design For Time Series Of Ocean Carbonate Chemistry Associated With Durafet (R)-Based Ph Sensors, Emily B. Rivest, M O'Brien, L Kapsenberg, Cc Gotschalk, Ca Blanchette, U Hoshijima, Ge Hofmann
Beyond The Benchtop And The Benthos: Dataset Management Planning And Design For Time Series Of Ocean Carbonate Chemistry Associated With Durafet (R)-Based Ph Sensors, Emily B. Rivest, M O'Brien, L Kapsenberg, Cc Gotschalk, Ca Blanchette, U Hoshijima, Ge Hofmann
VIMS Articles
To better understand the impact of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems, an important ongoing research priority for marine scientists is to characterize present-day pH variability. Following recent technological advances, autonomous pH sensor deployments in shallow coastal marine environments have revealed that pH dynamics in coastal oceans are more variable in space and time than the discrete, open-ocean measurements that are used for ocean acidification projections. Data from these types of deployments will benefit the research community by facilitating the improved design of ocean acidification studies as well as the identification or evaluation of natural and human-influenced pH variability. Importantly, the …
Ahr-Related Activities In A Creosote-Adapted Population Of Adult Atlantic Killifish, Fundulus Heteroclitus, Two Decades Post-Epa Superfund Status At The Atlantic Wood Site, Portsmouth, Va Usa, Jv Wojdylo, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein, Lj Bain, Cd Rice
Ahr-Related Activities In A Creosote-Adapted Population Of Adult Atlantic Killifish, Fundulus Heteroclitus, Two Decades Post-Epa Superfund Status At The Atlantic Wood Site, Portsmouth, Va Usa, Jv Wojdylo, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein, Lj Bain, Cd Rice
VIMS Articles
Atlantic killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus, are adapted to creosote-based PAHs at the US EPA Superfund site known as Atlantic Wood (AW) on the southern branch of the Elizabeth River, VA USA. Subsequent to the discovery of the AW population in the early 1990s, these fish were shown to be recalcitrant to CYP1A induction by PAHs under experimental conditions, and even to the time of this study, killifish embryos collected from the AW site are resistant to developmental deformities typically associated with exposure to PAHs in reference fish. Historically, however, 90 +% of the adult killifish at this site have proliferative hepatic …
Marine Phytophthora Species Can Hamper Conservation And Restoration Of Vegetated Coastal Ecosystems, Ll Govers, Wam In 'T Veid, Jp Meffert, Tj Bouma, Pcj Van Rijswick, Jht Heusinkveld, R J. Orth, Mm Van Katwijk, T Van Der Heide
Marine Phytophthora Species Can Hamper Conservation And Restoration Of Vegetated Coastal Ecosystems, Ll Govers, Wam In 'T Veid, Jp Meffert, Tj Bouma, Pcj Van Rijswick, Jht Heusinkveld, R J. Orth, Mm Van Katwijk, T Van Der Heide
VIMS Articles
Phytophthora species are potent pathogens that can devastate terrestrial plants, causing billions of dollars of damage yearly to agricultural crops and harming fragile ecosystems worldwide. Yet, virtually nothing is known about the distribution and pathogenicity of their marine relatives. This is surprising, as marine plants form vital habitats in coastal zones worldwide (i.e. mangrove forests, salt marshes, seagrass beds), and disease may be an important bottleneck for the conservation and restoration of these rapidly declining ecosystems. We are the first to report on widespread infection of Phytophthora and Halophytophthora species on a common seagrass species, Zostera marina (eelgrass), across the …
Complex Coastal Change In Response To Autogenic Basin Infilling: An Example From A Sub-Tropical Holocene Strandplain, Christopher J. Hein, Dm Fitzgerald, Lhp De Souza, Iy Georgiou, Iv Buynevich, Et Al.
Complex Coastal Change In Response To Autogenic Basin Infilling: An Example From A Sub-Tropical Holocene Strandplain, Christopher J. Hein, Dm Fitzgerald, Lhp De Souza, Iy Georgiou, Iv Buynevich, Et Al.
VIMS Articles
Thick bay-fill sequences that often culminate in strandplain development serve as important sedimentary archives of land-ocean interaction, although distinguishing between internal and external forcings is an ongoing challenge. This study employs sediment cores, ground-penetrating radar surveys, radiocarbon dates, palaeogeographic reconstructions and hydrodynamic modelling to explore the role of autogenic processes - notably a reduction in wave energy in response to coastal embayment infilling - in coastal evolution and shoreline morphodynamics. Following a regional 2 to 4m highstand at ca 58ka, the 75km(2) Tijucas Strandplain in southern Brazil built from fluvial sediments deposited into a semi-enclosed bay. Holocene regressive deposits are …
Effects Of Sediment And Salinity On The Growth And Competitive Abilities Of Three Submersed Macrophytes, Erin C. Shields, Ken Moore
Effects Of Sediment And Salinity On The Growth And Competitive Abilities Of Three Submersed Macrophytes, Erin C. Shields, Ken Moore
VIMS Articles
Submersed macrophytes are generally found in multispecies beds, with the dominance of individual species varying in both space and time. In estuarine environments, these plants can grow across a range of environmental conditions which may alter species interactions. Three species common to the Chesapeake Bay region, Vallisneria americana (wild celery), Heteranthera dubia (water stargrass), and Stuckenia pectinata (sago pondweed), were planted in a microcosm designed to test their growth and interactions (relative yielding) under a range of conditions of salinity (0, 5, or 10), sediment type (mud or sand), and species combinations. H. dubia was most sensitive to elevated salinity, …
Virtualspecies, An R Package To Generate Virtual Species Distributions, B Leroy, Cn Meynard, C Bellard, F Courchamp
Virtualspecies, An R Package To Generate Virtual Species Distributions, B Leroy, Cn Meynard, C Bellard, F Courchamp
VIMS Articles
virtualspecies is a freely available package for R designed to generate virtual species distributions, a procedure increasingly used in ecology to improve species distribution models. This package combines the existing methodological approaches with the objective of generating virtual species distributions with increased ecological realism. The package includes 1) generating the probability of occurrence of a virtual species from a spatial set of environmental conditions (i.e. environmental suitability), with two different approaches; 2) converting the environmental suitability into presence-absence with a probabilistic approach; 3) introducing dispersal limitations in the realised virtual species distributions and 4) sampling occurrences with different biases in …
Biodiversity Enhances Reef Fish Biomass And Resistance To Climate Change, Je Duffy, Js Lefcheck, Rochelle Stuart-Smith, Sa Navarrete, Gj Edgar
Biodiversity Enhances Reef Fish Biomass And Resistance To Climate Change, Je Duffy, Js Lefcheck, Rochelle Stuart-Smith, Sa Navarrete, Gj Edgar
VIMS Articles
Fishes are the most diverse group of vertebrates, play key functional roles in aquatic ecosystems, and provide protein for a billion people, especially in the developing world. Those functions are compromised by mounting pressures on marine biodiversity and ecosystems. Because of its economic and food value, fish biomass production provides an unusually direct link from biodiversity to critical ecosystem services. We used the Reef Life Survey's global database of 4,556 standardized fish surveys to test the importance of biodiversity to fish production relative to 25 environmental drivers. Temperature, biodiversity, and human influence together explained 47% of the global variation in …
Copepod Summer Grazing And Fecal Pellet Production Along Thewestern Antarctic Peninsula, Mr Gleiber, Deborah K. Steinberg, Ome Schofield
Copepod Summer Grazing And Fecal Pellet Production Along Thewestern Antarctic Peninsula, Mr Gleiber, Deborah K. Steinberg, Ome Schofield
VIMS Articles
Copepods are important grazers on phytoplankton and contributors to carbon export, but their role is poorly understood in theWestern Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), a region of high productivity and rapid climate warming. We conducted grazing and egestion experiments with large, dominant copepods each January from 2012 to 2014. We found higher gut evacuation rates (k), initial gut pigment and ingestion rates (I) for Calanus propinquus and Rhincalanus gigas compared with Calanoides acutus. Since k and I linearly increased with chlorophyll a for most species, ingestion rates were 4-70 times greater in more productive coastal regions than offshore, slope waters. Copepods have …
Improving Marine Disease Surveillance Through Sea Temperature Monitoring, Outlooks And Projections, J Maynard, R Van Hooidonk, Cd Harvell, Cm Eakin, G Liu, Jeffrey D. Shields, Et Al.
Improving Marine Disease Surveillance Through Sea Temperature Monitoring, Outlooks And Projections, J Maynard, R Van Hooidonk, Cd Harvell, Cm Eakin, G Liu, Jeffrey D. Shields, Et Al.
VIMS Articles
To forecast marine disease outbreaks as oceans warm requires new environmental surveillance tools. We describe an iterative process for developing these tools that combines research, development and deployment for suitable systems. The first step is to identify candidate host-pathogen systems. The 24 candidate systems we identified include sponges, corals, oysters, crustaceans, sea stars, fishes and sea grasses (among others). To illustrate the other steps, we present a case study of epizootic shell disease (ESD) in the American lobster. Increasing prevalence of ESD is a contributing factor to lobster fishery collapse in southern New England (SNE), raising concerns that disease prevalence …
Spatial And Temporal Dynamics Of Atlantic Menhaden (Brevoortia Tyrannus) Recruitment In The Northwest Atlantic Ocean, A Buchheister, Tj Miller, Ed Houde, Dh Secor, Rj Latour
Spatial And Temporal Dynamics Of Atlantic Menhaden (Brevoortia Tyrannus) Recruitment In The Northwest Atlantic Ocean, A Buchheister, Tj Miller, Ed Houde, Dh Secor, Rj Latour
VIMS Articles
Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus, is an abundant, schooling pelagic fish that is widely distributed in the coastal Northwest Atlantic. It supports the largest single-species fishery by volume on the east coast of the United States. However, relatively little is known about factors that control recruitment, and its stock- recruitment relationship is poorly defined. Atlantic menhaden is managed as a single unit stock, but fisheries and environmental variables likely act regionally on recruitments. To better understand spatial and temporal variability in recruitment, fishery-independent time-series (1959-2013) of young-of-year (YOY) abundance indices from the Mid-Atlantic to Southern New England (SNE) were analysed using …
How Well Do We Know The Infaunal Biomass Of The Continental Shelf?, En Powell, Roger L. Mann
How Well Do We Know The Infaunal Biomass Of The Continental Shelf?, En Powell, Roger L. Mann
VIMS Articles
Benthic infauna comprise a wide range of taxa of varying abundances and sizes, but large infaunal taxa are infrequently recorded in community surveys of the shelf benthos. These larger, but numerically rare, species may contribute disproportionately to biomass, however. We examine the degree to which standard benthic sampling gear and survey design provide an adequate estimate of the biomass of large infauna using the Atlantic surfclam, Spisula solidissima, on the continental shelf off the northeastern coast of the United States as a test organism. We develop a numerical model that simulates standard survey designs, gear types, and sampling densities to …
Characterization Of Infectious Dose And Lethal Dose Of Two Strains Of Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (Ihnv), Dg Mckenney, G Kurath, Ar Wargo
Characterization Of Infectious Dose And Lethal Dose Of Two Strains Of Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (Ihnv), Dg Mckenney, G Kurath, Ar Wargo
VIMS Articles
The ability to infect a host is a key trait of a virus, and differences in infectivity could put one virus at an evolutionary advantage over another. In this study we have quantified the infectivity of two strains of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) that are known to differ in fitness and virulence. By exposing juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hosts to a wide range of virus doses, we were able to calculate the infectious dose in terms of ID50 values for the two genotypes. Lethal dose experiments were also conducted to confirm the virulence difference between the two virus …
Progress And Challenges In Coupled Hydrodynamic-Ecological Estuarine Modeling, Nk Ganju, Mark Brush, B Rashleigh, Al Aretxabaleta, P Del Barrio, Js Grear, La Harris, Sj Lake, Et Al.
Progress And Challenges In Coupled Hydrodynamic-Ecological Estuarine Modeling, Nk Ganju, Mark Brush, B Rashleigh, Al Aretxabaleta, P Del Barrio, Js Grear, La Harris, Sj Lake, Et Al.
VIMS Articles
Numerical modeling has emerged over the last several decades as a widely accepted tool for investigations in environmental sciences. In estuarine research, hydrodynamic and ecological models have moved along parallel tracks with regard to complexity, refinement, computational power, and incorporation of uncertainty. Coupled hydrodynamic-ecological models have been used to assess ecosystem processes and interactions, simulate future scenarios, and evaluate remedial actions in response to eutrophication, habitat loss, and freshwater diversion. The need to couple hydrodynamic and ecological models to address research and management questions is clear because dynamic feedbacks between biotic and physical processes are critical interactions within ecosystems. In …
Plant Characteristics Associated With Widespread Variation In Eelgrass Wasting Disease, Ml Groner, Ca Burge, Cjs Kim, E Rees, Kl Van Alstyne
Plant Characteristics Associated With Widespread Variation In Eelgrass Wasting Disease, Ml Groner, Ca Burge, Cjs Kim, E Rees, Kl Van Alstyne
VIMS Articles
Seagrasses are ecosystem engineers of essential marine habitat. Their populations are rapidly declining worldwide. One potential cause of seagrass population declines is wasting disease, which is caused by opportunistic pathogens in the genus Labyrinthula. While infection with these pathogens is common in seagrasses, theory suggests that disease only occurs when environmental stressors cause immunosuppression of the host. Recent evidence suggests that host factors may also contribute to disease caused by opportunistic pathogens. In order to quantify patterns of disease, identify risk factors, and investigate responses to infection, we surveyed shoot density, shoot length, epiphyte load, production of plant defenses (phenols), …
Hidden In Plain Sight: Cryptic And Endemic Malaria Parasites In North American White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus), Es Martinsen, N Mcinerney, H Brightman, K Ferebee, T Walsh, Et Al.
Hidden In Plain Sight: Cryptic And Endemic Malaria Parasites In North American White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus), Es Martinsen, N Mcinerney, H Brightman, K Ferebee, T Walsh, Et Al.
VIMS Articles
Malaria parasites of the genus Plasmodium are diverse in mammal hosts, infecting five mammalian orders in the Old World, but were long considered absent from the diverse deer family (Cervidae) and from New World mammals. There was a description of a Plasmodium parasite infecting a single splenectomized white-tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus) in 1967 but none have been reported since, which has proven a challenge to our understanding of malaria parasite biogeography. Using both microscopy and polymerase chain reaction, we screened a large sample of native and captive ungulate species from across the United States for malaria parasites. We found …
Fungal Denitrification: Bipolaris Sorokiniana Exclusively Denitrifies Inorganic Nitrogen In The Presence And Absence Of Oxygen, R Phillips, G Grelet, A Mcmillan, Bk Song, B Weir, Et Al.
Fungal Denitrification: Bipolaris Sorokiniana Exclusively Denitrifies Inorganic Nitrogen In The Presence And Absence Of Oxygen, R Phillips, G Grelet, A Mcmillan, Bk Song, B Weir, Et Al.
VIMS Articles
Fungi may play an important role in the production of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). Bipolaris sorokiniana is a ubiquitous saprobe found in soils worldwide, yet denitrification by this fungal strain has not previously been reported. We aimed to test if B. sorokiniana would produce N2O and CO2 in the presence of organic and inorganic forms of nitrogen (N) under microaerobic and anaerobic conditions. Nitrogen source (organic-N, inorganic-N, no-N control) significantly affected N2O and CO2 production both in the presence and absence of oxygen, which contrasts with bacterial denitrification. Inorganic N addition increased denitrification of N2O (from 0 to …
Upgrading Marine Ecosystem Restoration Using Ecological-Social Concepts, A Abelson, Bs Halpern, Dc Reed, R J. Orth, Ga Kendrick, Et Al
Upgrading Marine Ecosystem Restoration Using Ecological-Social Concepts, A Abelson, Bs Halpern, Dc Reed, R J. Orth, Ga Kendrick, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Conservation and environmental management are principal countermeasures to the degradation of marine ecosystems and their services. However, in many cases, current practices are insufficient to reverse ecosystem declines. We suggest that restoration ecology, the science underlying the concepts and tools needed to restore ecosystems, must be recognized as an integral element for marine conservation and environmental management. Marine restoration ecology is a young scientific discipline, often with gaps between its application and the supporting science. Bridging these gaps is essential to using restoration as an effective management tool and reversing the decline of marine ecosystems and their services. Ecological restoration …
Parallelism And Epistasis In Skeletal Evolution Identified Through Use Of Phylogenomic Mapping Strategies, Jm Daane, N Rohner, P Konstantinidis, S Djuranovic, Mp Harris
Parallelism And Epistasis In Skeletal Evolution Identified Through Use Of Phylogenomic Mapping Strategies, Jm Daane, N Rohner, P Konstantinidis, S Djuranovic, Mp Harris
VIMS Articles
The identification of genetic mechanisms underlying evolutionary change is critical to our understanding of natural diversity, but is presently limited by the lack of genetic and genomic resources for most species. Here, we present a new comparative genomic approach that can be applied to a broad taxonomic sampling of nonmodel species to investigate the genetic basis of evolutionary change. Using our analysis pipeline, we show that duplication and divergence of fgfr1a is correlated with the reduction of scales within fishes of the genus Phoxinellus. As a parallel genetic mechanism is observed in scale-reduction within independent lineages of cypriniforms, our finding …
Unstructured-Grid Model For The North Sea And Baltic Sea: Validation Against Observations, Yinglong J. Zhang, Ev Stanev, S Grashorn
Unstructured-Grid Model For The North Sea And Baltic Sea: Validation Against Observations, Yinglong J. Zhang, Ev Stanev, S Grashorn
VIMS Articles
A new unstructured grid model and its application to the North Sea and Baltic Sea are described. The research focus is on the dynamics in the two basins and in the multiple straits connecting them and more specifically on how the model replicates the temporal and spatial variability of physical processes. The comparison against observed data indicates the realism in the simulations of the exchange flows. The simulations demonstrated that in contrast to the tidal variability which decreases in the strait, the role of the barotropic forcing due to weather systems increases. In this zone reversal of transport is well …
Microbes As Engines Of Ecosystem Function: When Does Community Structure Enhance Predictions Of Ecosystem Processes?, Emily B. Graham, Joeseph E. Knelman, Et Al, Bk Song
Microbes As Engines Of Ecosystem Function: When Does Community Structure Enhance Predictions Of Ecosystem Processes?, Emily B. Graham, Joeseph E. Knelman, Et Al, Bk Song
VIMS Articles
Microorganisms are vital in mediating the earth’s biogeochemical cycles; yet, despite our rapidly increasing ability to explore complex environmental microbial communities, the relationship between microbial community structure and ecosystem processes remains poorly understood. Here, we address a fundamental and unanswered question in microbial ecology: ‘When do we need to understand microbial community structure to accurately predict function?’ We present a statistical analysis investigating the value of environmental data and microbial community structure independently and in combination for explaining rates of carbon and nitrogen cycling processes within 82 global datasets. Environmental variables were the strongest predictors of process rates but left …