Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Keyword
-
- Biological Sciences Peer-Reviewed Articles (13)
- Aquatic Health Sciences Peer-Reviewed Articles (6)
- Fisheries Science Peer-Reviewed Articles (5)
- Physical Sciences Peer-Reviewed Articles (2)
- Animal behavior (1)
-
- Black sea bass · Acoustic telemetry · Dispersal · Fish habitat · Movement · Continental shelf · Negative binomial model (1)
- Blue-Crab; Parasitic Dinoflagellate; Ribosomal-Rna; Protistan Parasite; Perkinsus-Marinus; Alternate Hosts; Chesapeake Bay; Sp Alveolata; N-Sp; Crustaceans (1)
- Boundary-Layer; Polar; Bromine (1)
- C Nitrite Reductase; Benthic Metabolism; Mangrove Sediments; Inorganic Nitrogen; Terminos Lagoon; Fringing Marsh; Denitrification; Dynamics; Shallow; Estuary (1)
- Chondrichthyes; Atlantic; Catalog (1)
- Community structure · Demersal fishes · Chesapeake Bay · Environmental conditions · Species richness · Species diversity · Hypoxia · Bottom trawl survey (1)
- Complementary Resources; Generalist Herbivore; Trophic Complexity; Prey Diversity; Specialization; Growth; Plant; Omnivory; Quality; Models (1)
- Crassostrea virginica · Denitrification · Nitrogen · Nitrogen fixation (1)
- Deep-Sea Fishes; Vertical-Distribution; Crystalline Lens; Feeding Ecology; Eastern Gulf; Eye; Bioluminescence; Pisces; System; Mexico (1)
- Dinoflagellate Alexandrium-Tamarense; Tintinnid Ciliate; Prorocentrum-Lima; Favella-Taraikaensis; Larval Crabs; Phytoplankton; Toxicity; Palatability; Populations; Selectivity (1)
- Eastern mosquitofish (1)
- Euphausia-Superba Abundance; Breeding Adelie Penguins; South Georgia; Seasonal Variability; Continental-Shelf; Submarine-Canyon; Elephant Island; Grazing Impact; Fur Seals; Behavior (1)
- GULF-OF-MEXICO; WESTERN GULF; SEXUAL-MATURITY; LEUCORAJA-ERINACEA; AMBLYRAJA-RADIATA; WINTER SKATE; AGE; MAINE; SIZE; EXTINCTION (1)
- Genetic polymorphisms (1)
- Governing Phytoplankton Blooms; Estuarine Salinity; Transport; Hypoxia; River; Age; Eutrophication; Model; Ocean; Respiration (1)
- Inverse model · Food web · Antarctica · Microzooplankton · Krill · Ecosystem state change · Climate change (1)
- Lower Chesapeake Bay; Juvenile Summer; New-Jersey; Winter Flounder; Pseudopleuronectes-Americanus; Ultrasonic Telemetry; Acoustic Telemetry; Growth Limitation; Habitat Dynamics; 2 Temperatures (1)
- Melanins (1)
- Multispecies Research Group Peer Reviewed Articles (1)
- Net Ecosystem Metabolism; Global Oceans; Wet Deposition; Chesapeake Bay; Gas-Exchange; Water; Pollutants; Atlantic; Hydrocarbons; Respiration (1)
- Osteichthyes (1)
- Protozooplankton Community Structure; Microbial Food-Web; Southern-Ocean; Phytoplankton Growth; Ciliate Microzooplankton; Heterotrophic Protists; Bacterial Production; Atlantic Sector; Coastal Waters; Austral Summer (1)
- Range Shifts; Western-Hemisphere; Ecosystem Services; Local Adaptation; Species Ranges; Population; Impacts; Marine; Dispersal; Evolution (1)
- Recruitment · Nursery · Habitat quality · Akaike’s information criterion · AIC model · Population dynamics (1)
- Southern California Bight; Ecosystem Services; Flow-Cytometry; Global Map; Coastal; Communities; Diversity; Knowledge; Impacts; Climate (1)
Articles 1 - 26 of 26
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Biodiversity In A Changing Climate: A Synthesis Of Current And Projected Trends In The Us, Md Staudinger, Sl Carter, Ms Cross, Ns Dubois, Je Duffy, Et Al.
Biodiversity In A Changing Climate: A Synthesis Of Current And Projected Trends In The Us, Md Staudinger, Sl Carter, Ms Cross, Ns Dubois, Je Duffy, Et Al.
VIMS Articles
This paper provides a synthesis of the recent literature describing how global biodiversity is being affected by climate change and is projected to respond in the future. Current studies reinforce earlier findings of major climate-change-related impacts on biological systems and document new, more subtle after-effects. For example, many species are shifting their distributions and phenologies at faster rates than were recorded just a few years ago; however, responses are not uniform across species. Shifts have been idiosyncratic and in some cases counterintuitive, promoting new community compositions and altering biotic interactions. Although genetic diversity enhances species' potential to respond to variable …
Conservation In The First Internal Transcribed Spacer (Its1) Region Of Hematodinium Perezi (Genotype Iii) From Callinectes Sapidus, Kmp Lohan, Hamish J. Small, Jeffrey D. Shields, Ar Place, Kimberly S. Reece
Conservation In The First Internal Transcribed Spacer (Its1) Region Of Hematodinium Perezi (Genotype Iii) From Callinectes Sapidus, Kmp Lohan, Hamish J. Small, Jeffrey D. Shields, Ar Place, Kimberly S. Reece
VIMS Articles
Hematodinium spp. infections have been reported from blue crabs Callinectes sapidus in high-salinity waters of the USA from New Jersey to Texas. Recently, H. perezi (genotype III) has been proposed as the parasite species and genotype infecting blue crabs from Virginia; however, it is unknown whether this same genotype is present in blue crabs from other locations. To address this question, we collected 317 blue crabs from Massachusetts, Virginia, Georgia, Florida, Louisiana, and Texas to test for the presence of H. perezi (III) using a specific PCR assay targeting the first internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) region of the ribosomal RNA …
Migratory And Within-Estuary Behaviors Of Adult Summer Flounder (Paralichthys Dentatus) In A Lagoon System Of The Southern Mid-Atlantic Bight, Karen M. Capossela, Mary C. Fabrizio, Richard Brill
Migratory And Within-Estuary Behaviors Of Adult Summer Flounder (Paralichthys Dentatus) In A Lagoon System Of The Southern Mid-Atlantic Bight, Karen M. Capossela, Mary C. Fabrizio, Richard Brill
VIMS Articles
We monitored the movements of 45 adult Summer Flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) between June 2007 and July 2008 through the use of passive acoustic telemetry to elucidate migratory and within-estuary behaviors in a lagoon system of the southern mid-Atlantic Bight. Between 8 June and 10 October 2007, fish resided primarily in the deeper (>3 m) regions of the system and exhibited low levels of large-scale (100s of meters) activity. Mean residence time within this estuarine lagoon system was conservatively estimated to be 130 days (range: 18-223 days), which is 1.5 times longer than the residence time previously reported for Summer …
Oyster-Mediated Benthic-Pelagic Coupling Modifies Nitrogen Pools And Processes, Ar Smyth, Nr Geraldi, Mf Piehler
Oyster-Mediated Benthic-Pelagic Coupling Modifies Nitrogen Pools And Processes, Ar Smyth, Nr Geraldi, Mf Piehler
VIMS Articles
Removal of nitrogen through enhanced denitrification has been identified as an ecosystem service provided by oysters. In this study, we assessed the effects of an individual oyster (Crassostrea virginica) on nitrogen dynamics. Fluxes of N-2, O-2, nitrate/nitrite (NOx) and ammonium (NH4+) were measured from continuous-flow microcosms that contained a live oyster, sediment, or a live oyster + sediment. Net N-2 fluxes were indicative of nitrogen fixation in the sediment treatment and denitrification in the oyster and oyster + sediment treatments. Organic matter de position and ammonium production associated with oyster biodeposits and excretion likely decreased N limitation, and …
Indication Of Density-Dependent Changes In Growth And Maturity Of The Barndoor Skate On Georges Bank, Karson Coutre, Todd Gedamke, David Rudders, William B. Driggers Iii, David M. Koester, James A. Sulikowski
Indication Of Density-Dependent Changes In Growth And Maturity Of The Barndoor Skate On Georges Bank, Karson Coutre, Todd Gedamke, David Rudders, William B. Driggers Iii, David M. Koester, James A. Sulikowski
VIMS Articles
Drastic increases or decreases in biomass often result in density-dependent changes in life history characteristics within a fish population. Acknowledging this phenomenon and in light of the recent biomass increase in Barndoor Skate Dipturus laevis, the current study re-evaluated the growth rate and sexual maturity of 244 specimens collected from 2009-2011within closed areas I and II on Georges Bank, USA. Ages were estimated using vertebral band counts from skate that ranged from 21 to 129cm TL. The von Bertalanffy growth function was applied to pooled age-at-length data. Parameter estimates from the current study of L = 155cm TL and k …
Visual Acuity In Pelagic Fishes And Mollusks, Yl Gagnon, Tt Sutton, S Johnsen
Visual Acuity In Pelagic Fishes And Mollusks, Yl Gagnon, Tt Sutton, S Johnsen
VIMS Articles
In the sea, visual scenes change dramatically with depth. At shallow and moderate depths (<1000 >m), there is enough light for animals to see the surfaces and shapes of prey, predators, and conspecifics. This changes below 1000 m, where no downwelling daylight remains and the only source of light is bioluminescence. These different visual scenes require different visual adaptations and eye morphologies. In this study we investigate how the optical characteristics of animal lenses correlate with depth and ecology. We measured the radius, focal length, and optical quality of the lenses of pelagic fishes, cephalopods, and a gastropod using a …
Distribution, Prevalence, And Genetic Analysis Of Panulirus Argus Virus 1 (Pav1) From The Caribbean Sea, Ja Moss, D Behringer, Jeffrey D. Shields, A Baeza, A Aguilar-Perera, Et Al.
Distribution, Prevalence, And Genetic Analysis Of Panulirus Argus Virus 1 (Pav1) From The Caribbean Sea, Ja Moss, D Behringer, Jeffrey D. Shields, A Baeza, A Aguilar-Perera, Et Al.
VIMS Articles
The pathogenic virus Panulirus argus virus 1 (PaV1) was first discovered in Caribbean spiny lobsters Panulirus argus from the Florida Keys (USA) in 1999 and has since been reported in Belize, Mexico, and Cuba; its distribution in the wider Caribbean is unknown. We collected tissue samples from adult spiny lobsters from 30 locations in 14 countries bordering the Caribbean Sea and used molecular diagnostics to assay for the presence of PaV1. PaV1 occurred primarily in the northern areas of the Caribbean, where its prevalence was highest. The virus was not found in lobsters from the southeastern Caribbean, and its prevalence …
Differential Compartmentalization Of Memory B Cells Versus Plasma Cells In Salmonid Fish, Cy Ma, Jm Ye, Sl Kaattari
Differential Compartmentalization Of Memory B Cells Versus Plasma Cells In Salmonid Fish, Cy Ma, Jm Ye, Sl Kaattari
VIMS Articles
The disposition of teleost memory and plasma cells (PCs) has essentially been un-explored. As the organization of the teleost immune system differs significantly from that of mammals (i.e. no bone marrow or lymph nodes, hematopoietic anterior kidney), this disposition could be essential in understanding how comparable functions are achieved. To address this question, the primary and secondary antibody-secreting cell, B memory cell, and antibody responses to T-independent and T-dependent antigens were analyzed in trout. Although the TI and TD antibody responses did not differ substantively from one another, the secondary responses to both were significantly prolonged compared with the primary …
Microzooplankton Grazing Along The Western Antarctic Peninsula, Lm Garzio, Deborah K. Steinberg, M Erickson, Hw Ducklow
Microzooplankton Grazing Along The Western Antarctic Peninsula, Lm Garzio, Deborah K. Steinberg, M Erickson, Hw Ducklow
VIMS Articles
The significance of microzooplankton as grazers in pelagic ecosystems has been established, yet relatively few studies of microzooplankton grazing, compared to that of macrozooplankton, have been conducted in the Southern Ocean. We report phytoplankton and bacterial growth and grazing mortality rates along the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), a region of rapid climate change. Growth and grazing rates were determined by dilution experiments at select stations along the WAP in January of 2009 to 2011 and in the nearshore waters near Palmer Station in February and March 2011. Microzooplankton exerted higher grazing pressure on bacteria compared to phytoplankton along the WAP …
Broad-Scale Association Between Seagrass Cover And Juvenile Blue Crab Density In Chesapeake Bay, Gina M. Ralph, Rochelle D. Seitz, R J. Orth, Kathleen E. Knick, Rom Lipcius
Broad-Scale Association Between Seagrass Cover And Juvenile Blue Crab Density In Chesapeake Bay, Gina M. Ralph, Rochelle D. Seitz, R J. Orth, Kathleen E. Knick, Rom Lipcius
VIMS Articles
Although numerous small-scale laboratory, mesocosm, and field experiments have demonstrated that abundance, survival, and growth of juvenile fish and invertebrates are higher in vegetated than in unvegetated habitats, the effect of habitat quality (i.e. habitat complexity) within vegetated habitats has not been documented at a broad spatial scale. We examined the relationship between percent cover in seagrass beds (eelgrass Zostera marina, widgeon grass Ruppia maritima, and associated macroalgae) and juvenile blue crab Callinectes sapidus density at a broad spatial scale. We quantified the functional relationship between juvenile density and percent cover of vegetation by sampling in Chesapeake Bay (USA) seagrass …
Heritable Melanism And Parasitic Infection Both Result In Black-Spotted Mosquitofish, Lisa Horth, David Gauthier, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein
Heritable Melanism And Parasitic Infection Both Result In Black-Spotted Mosquitofish, Lisa Horth, David Gauthier, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein
VIMS Articles
Male Gambusia holbrooki (Eastern Mosquitofish) express a heritable pigmentation polymorphism: ≈99% of males are silver, and only ≈1% have a melanic, black-spotted pattern. Sex-linkage, an autosomal modifier, and temperature control the expression of this heritable melanism. In many teleosts, melanin also accumulates around the site of parasitic invasion. We have identified black-spot disease in wild mosquitofish from their native habitat. Here, we demonstrate convergence upon the black-pigmented phenotype through two means: 1) heritable melanism, and 2) melanic spotting on the silver genotype that results from infection with immature encysted trematodes. Females are silver and express greater avoidance ofmelanic males during …
Genetic Population Structure Of Us Atlantic Coastal Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis), Dt Gauthier, Corinne Audemard, Jel Carlsson, Tl Darden, Mr Denson, Kimberly S. Reece, J Carlsson
Genetic Population Structure Of Us Atlantic Coastal Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis), Dt Gauthier, Corinne Audemard, Jel Carlsson, Tl Darden, Mr Denson, Kimberly S. Reece, J Carlsson
VIMS Articles
Genetic population structure of anadromous striped bass along the US Atlantic coast was analyzed using 14 neutral nuclear DNA microsatellites. Young-of-the-year and adult striped bass (n = 1114) were sampled from Hudson River, Delaware River, Chesapeake Bay, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Analyses indicated clear population structure with significant genetic differentiation between all regions. Global multilocus F-ST was estimated at 0.028 (P < 0.001). Population structure followed an isolation-by-distance model and temporal sampling indicated a stable population structure more than 2 years at all locations. Significant structure was absent within Hudson River, whereas weak but significant genetic differences were observed between northern and southern samples in Chesapeake Bay. The largest and smallest effective striped bass population sizes were found in Chesapeake Bay and South Carolina, respectively. Coalescence analysis indicated that the highest historical gene flow has been between Chesapeake Bay and Hudson River populations, and that exchange has not been unidirectional. Bayesian analysis of contemporary migration indicated that Chesapeake Bay serves as a major source of migrants for Atlantic coastal regions from Albemarle Sound northward. In addition to examining population genetic structure, the data acquired during this project were capable of serving as a baseline for assigning fish with unknown origin to source region.
Patterns And Drivers Of The Demersal Fish Community Of Chesapeake Bay, Andre Buchheister, Christopher F. Bonzek, James Gartland, Robert J. Latour
Patterns And Drivers Of The Demersal Fish Community Of Chesapeake Bay, Andre Buchheister, Christopher F. Bonzek, James Gartland, Robert J. Latour
VIMS Articles
Large-scale research on the environmental, biological, and anthropogenic drivers of fish distributions, abundances, and community structure can identify patterns and trends within systems, provide mechanistic insight into ecosystem functioning, and contribute to ecosystembased fisheries management. This study synthesized 10 yr of extensive fisheries-independent bottom trawl data (2002 to 2011) to evaluate drivers of demersal fish community structure in Chesapeake Bay, the largest estuary in the United States. Changes in community composition were assessed using constrained correspondence analysis. Also, aggregate community metrics (species richness, Simpson diversity, and catch-per-unit-effort [CPUE] of species groups) were modeled using generalized additive models. Five species (Atlantic …
Habitat Associations And Dispersal Of Black Sea Bass From A Mid-Atlantic Bight Reef, Mary C. Fabrizio, John P. Manderson, Jeffrey P. Pessutti
Habitat Associations And Dispersal Of Black Sea Bass From A Mid-Atlantic Bight Reef, Mary C. Fabrizio, John P. Manderson, Jeffrey P. Pessutti
VIMS Articles
We examined habitat associations of 122 adult black sea bass Centropristis striata at a temperate reef off the coast of New Jersey, USA. The study site, located within the Historic Area Remediation Site, encompassed 46.1 km2 and included areas of rocky bottom and highly variable bathymetry. Factors influencing dispersal and habitat use were determined from acoustic tele - metry data collected between May and December 2003 from a grid of 72 moored receivers. About 2.7 times as many black sea bass used the site in summer as in fall. Fish were associated with relatively shallow, complex habitats characterized by previously …
Carbon Fluxes And Pelagic Ecosystem Dynamics Near Two Western Antarctic Peninsula Adélie Penguin Colonies: An Inverse Model Approach, Sevrine F. Sailley, Hugh W. Ducklow, Holly V. Moeller, William R. Fraser, Oscar M. Schofield, Deborah K. Steinberg, Lori M. Garzio, Scott C. Doney
Carbon Fluxes And Pelagic Ecosystem Dynamics Near Two Western Antarctic Peninsula Adélie Penguin Colonies: An Inverse Model Approach, Sevrine F. Sailley, Hugh W. Ducklow, Holly V. Moeller, William R. Fraser, Oscar M. Schofield, Deborah K. Steinberg, Lori M. Garzio, Scott C. Doney
VIMS Articles
An inverse food-web model for the western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) pelagic food web was constrained with data from Palmer Long Term Ecological Research (PAL-LTER) project annual austral summer sampling cruises. Model solutions were generated for 2 regions with Adélie penguin Pygoscelis adeliae colonies presenting different population trends (a northern and a southern colony) for a 12 yr period (1995−2006). Counter to the standard paradigm, comparisons of carbon flow through bacteria, microzooplankton, and krill showed that the diatom−krill−top predator food chain is not the dominant pathway for organic carbon exchanges. The food web is more complex, including significant contributions by microzooplankton …
The Importance Of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction To Ammonium (Dnra) In The Nitrogen Cycle Of Coastal Ecosystems, Ae Giblin, Cr Tobias, Bk Song, N Weston, Gt Banta
The Importance Of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction To Ammonium (Dnra) In The Nitrogen Cycle Of Coastal Ecosystems, Ae Giblin, Cr Tobias, Bk Song, N Weston, Gt Banta
VIMS Articles
Until recently, it was believed that biological assimilation and gaseous nitrogen (N) loss through denitrification were the two major fates of nitrate entering or produced within most coastal ecosystems. Denitrification is often viewed as an important ecosystem service that removes reactive N from the ecosystem. However, there is a competing nitrate reduction process, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), that conserves N within the ecosystem. The recent application of nitrogen stable isotopes as tracers has generated growing evidence that DNRA is a major nitrogen pathway that cannot be ignored. Measurements comparing the importance of denitrification vs. DNRA in 55 coastal …
Revision Of The Genus Centrophorus (Squaliformes: Centrophoridae): Part 1-Redescription Of Centrophorus Granulosus (Bloch & Schneider), A Senior Synonym Of C-Acus Garman And C-Niaukang Teng, Wt White, Da Ebert, Gjp Naylor, Hc Ho, P Clerkin, A Verissimo, Cf Cotton
Revision Of The Genus Centrophorus (Squaliformes: Centrophoridae): Part 1-Redescription Of Centrophorus Granulosus (Bloch & Schneider), A Senior Synonym Of C-Acus Garman And C-Niaukang Teng, Wt White, Da Ebert, Gjp Naylor, Hc Ho, P Clerkin, A Verissimo, Cf Cotton
VIMS Articles
The genus Centrophorus is one of the most taxonomically complex and confusing elasmobranch groups. A revision of this group is currently underway and this first paper sets an important foundation in this process by redescribing the type species of the genus-Centrophorus granulosus. This taxon name has been previously applied to two different morphotypes: a large species > 1.5 m TL and a smaller species similar to 1 m TL. Centrophorus acus and C. niaukang are the most commonly used names applied to the larger morphotype. The original description of C. granulosus was based on a large specimen of similar to 1.5 …
Using Timescales To Interpret Dissolved Oxygen Distributions In The Bottom Waters Of Chesapeake Bay, Jian Shen, B Hong, Ay Kuo
Using Timescales To Interpret Dissolved Oxygen Distributions In The Bottom Waters Of Chesapeake Bay, Jian Shen, B Hong, Ay Kuo
VIMS Articles
A simplified conceptual model based on timescales of gravitational circulation, vertical exchange, and total oxygen consumption rate of the biochemical processes is presented to provide insight into the relationships between estuarine dynamics and bottom water dissolved oxygen (DO). Two dimensionless parameters are introduced to diagnose the relationship between the vertical exchange process and the biochemical DO consumption and the influence of gravitational circulation on replenishment of bottom DO. The relative magnitudes of these timescales provide a linkage between the physical and biochemical processes. The hypoxic and anoxic conditions in deep waters of Chesapeake Bay are successfully interpreted with these three …
Haplosporidium Littoralis Sp Nov.: A Crustacean Pathogen Within The Haplosporida (Cercozoa, Ascetosporea), Gd Stentiford, Ks Bateman, Na Stokes, Ryan Carnegie
Haplosporidium Littoralis Sp Nov.: A Crustacean Pathogen Within The Haplosporida (Cercozoa, Ascetosporea), Gd Stentiford, Ks Bateman, Na Stokes, Ryan Carnegie
VIMS Articles
Previously, we described the pathology and ultrastructure of an apparently asporous haplosporidian-like parasite infecting the common shore crab Carcinus maenas from the European shoreline. In the current study, extraction of genomic DNA from the haemolymph, gill or hepatopancreas of infected C. maenas was carried out and the small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) of the pathogen was amplified by PCR before cloning and sequencing. All 4 crabs yielded an identical 1736 bp parasite sequence. BLAST analysis against the NCBI GenBank database identified the sequence as most similar to the protistan pathogen group comprising the order Haplosporida within the class Ascetosporea …
Penguin Biogeography Along The West Antarctic Peninsula Testing The Canyon Hypothesis With Palmer Lter Observations, O Schofield, H Ducklow, K Bernard, S Doney, D Patterson-Fraser, Et Al.
Penguin Biogeography Along The West Antarctic Peninsula Testing The Canyon Hypothesis With Palmer Lter Observations, O Schofield, H Ducklow, K Bernard, S Doney, D Patterson-Fraser, Et Al.
VIMS Articles
No abstract provided.
Contribution Of Sea Ice In The Southern Ocean To The Cycling Of Volatile Halogenated Organic Compounds, A Granfors, A Karlsson, E Mattsson, Walker O. Smith Jr., K Abrahamsson
Contribution Of Sea Ice In The Southern Ocean To The Cycling Of Volatile Halogenated Organic Compounds, A Granfors, A Karlsson, E Mattsson, Walker O. Smith Jr., K Abrahamsson
VIMS Articles
The contribution of sea ice to the flux of biogenic volatile halogenated organic compounds to the atmosphere in the Southern Ocean is currently not known. To approach this question, we measured halocarbons in sea ice, sea ice brine, and surface water of the Amundsen and Ross Seas. Concentrations in sea ice of these compounds, normalized to seawater salinity, ranged from 0.2 to 810 pmol L-1. Salinity-normalized chlorophyll a concentrations in the ice ranged from 3.5 to 190 mu gL(-1). Our results suggest biological production of halocarbons in sea ice, with maxima of halogenated organics and chlorophyll a commonly found in …
Krill Biomass And Aggregation Structure In Relation To Tidal Cycle In A Penguin Foraging Region Off The Western Antarctic Peninsula, Ks Bernard, Deborah K. Steinberg
Krill Biomass And Aggregation Structure In Relation To Tidal Cycle In A Penguin Foraging Region Off The Western Antarctic Peninsula, Ks Bernard, Deborah K. Steinberg
VIMS Articles
Antarctic krill are a key component of the diet of Adlie penguins inhabiting the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), yet our understanding of the variability of krill distribution patterns within nearshore penguin feeding grounds is limited. A recent study of the foraging patterns of penguins breeding in the northern WAP suggests that tidal phase plays a role in foraging distance. We used acoustics to examine biomass and aggregation structure of krill in the penguin foraging grounds off Palmer Station during diurnal and semi-diurnal tides. Nearshore, integrated krill biomass during diurnal tides was significantly higher than during semi-diurnal tides. Krill aggregations were …
Effects Of Microalgal Exudates And Intact Cells On Subtropical Marine Zooplankton, Nj Silva, Kw Tang, Rm Lopes
Effects Of Microalgal Exudates And Intact Cells On Subtropical Marine Zooplankton, Nj Silva, Kw Tang, Rm Lopes
VIMS Articles
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) affect coastal waters worldwide and very often lead to the disruption of seafood harvesting and commercial activities, because of potential hazards to human health associated with the consumption of contaminated mussels, crustaceans and fish. HAB events are frequently caused by outbreaks of toxin-producing dinoflagellates, which are subject to top-down control by zooplankton. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of dinoflagellate exudates and intact cells on the survivorship and mobility of zooplankton taxa from a subtropical location (Ubatuba, Brazil). Lethal effects were observed in five out of six taxa investigated, three of which …
Envisioning A Marine Biodiversity Observation Network, Je Duffy, La Amaral-Zettler, Dg Fautin, G Paulay, Ta Rynearson, Et Al.
Envisioning A Marine Biodiversity Observation Network, Je Duffy, La Amaral-Zettler, Dg Fautin, G Paulay, Ta Rynearson, Et Al.
VIMS Articles
Humans depend on diverse ocean ecosystems for food, jobs, and sustained well-being, yet many stressors threaten marine life. Extensive research has demonstrated that maintaining biodiversity promotes ocean health and service provision; therefore, monitoring the status and trends of marine biodiversity is important for effective ecosystem management. However, there is no systematic sustained program for evaluating ocean biodiversity. Coordinating existing monitoring and building a proactive marine biodiversity observation network will support efficient, economical resource management and conservation and should be a high priority. A synthesis of expert opinions suggests that, to be most effective, a marine biodiversity observation network should integrate …
Improved Method For Quantifying The Air-Sea Flux Of Volatile And Semi-Volatile Organic Carbon, Ej Hauser, Rm Dickhut, R Falconer, As Wozniak
Improved Method For Quantifying The Air-Sea Flux Of Volatile And Semi-Volatile Organic Carbon, Ej Hauser, Rm Dickhut, R Falconer, As Wozniak
VIMS Articles
A method for quantifying the diffusive air-sea exchange of gaseous organic carbon (OC) was developed. OC compounds were separated into two operational pools-those that were kinetically air limited in diffusion across the air-sea interface and those that were water limited-during simultaneous air/water sampling. The method separates OC compounds into low Henry's law constant (low-H) semivolatile OC (SOC) and high Henry's law constant (high-H) volatile OC (VOC) pools that can be categorized by relating diffusion kinetic parameters to Henry's Law constant. Air limited (low-H; H << similar to 0.1 L atm mol(-1)) compounds were collected in pure water traps and were quantified as dissolved OC, whereas water limited (high-H; H >> similar to 0.1 L atm mol-1) compounds were collected on solid sorbent tubes downstream from the …
Physiological Effects Of Diet Mixing On Consumer Fitness: A Meta-Analysis, Js Lefcheck, Ma Whalen, Tm Davenport, Jp Stone, Je Duffy
Physiological Effects Of Diet Mixing On Consumer Fitness: A Meta-Analysis, Js Lefcheck, Ma Whalen, Tm Davenport, Jp Stone, Je Duffy
VIMS Articles
The degree of dietary generalism among consumers has important consequences for population, community, and ecosystem processes, yet the effects on consumer fitness of mixing food types have not been examined comprehensively. We conducted a meta-analysis of 161 peer-reviewed studies reporting 493 experimental manipulations of prey diversity to test whether diet mixing enhances consumer fitness based on the intrinsic nutritional quality of foods and consumer physiology. Averaged across studies, mixed diets conferred significantly higher fitness than the average of single-species diets, but not the best single prey species. More than half of individual experiments, however, showed maximal growth and reproduction on …