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- Biological Sciences Peer-Reviewed Articles (17)
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- Chesapeake Bay; Potomac Estuary; Larvae; Recruitment; Survival; Temperature; Growth; Food; Eggs (1)
- Cogradient variation; countergradient variation; foraging; growth; natural selection; Littorina obtusata; plasticity; predation; wave energy (1)
- Conservation; blue crab; Callinectes sapidus; spawning stock; recruitment; larval abundance; exploitation (1)
- Crassostrea Gigas; Crassostrea Ariakensis; Diploid; Hybrid; Tetraploid; Oyster; Breeding; Polyploidy (1)
- Crassostrea Gigas; Sperm Motility; Ph; Caffeine; Osmotic Pressure; Tetraploid; Cryopreservation (1)
- Data assimilation; modeling; estuary; Chesapeake Bay; salinity (1)
- Ecosystem model; hydrodynamic processes; feedback controls; York River estuary (1)
- Genetic identification (1)
- Gradient Gel-Electrophoresis; Polymerase Chain-Reaction; Ribosomal-RNA Gene; Class Proteobacteria (1)
- Habitat degradation; hypoxia; dissolved oxygen; stratification; hydrography; benthos; Macoma spp. (1)
- Haplosporidium Costale; Eastern Oyster; Crassostrea Virginica; In Situ Hybridization; Long Island Sound (1)
- Lutjanus-Synagris; Ocyurus-Chrysurus; Hybrid; Ecology; Dna (1)
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- Photosynthesis; diatoms; Phaeocystis; accessory pigments (1)
- Rapa Whelk; Rapana Venosa; Hard Clam; Mercenaria Mercenaria; Predation; Chesapeake Bay (1)
- Sediment; suspension; diffusion; advection; turbulence; Duck; North Carolina (1)
- Seeds; seagrass; predation; Posidonia australis; Western Australia; tether (1)
- Shark (1)
- Sportfishing Gear; Atlantic; Tuna; Movements (1)
- Squid; estuaries; salinity; water temperature; dissolved oxygen; Lolliguncula brevis (1)
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Articles 1 - 30 of 42
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Biodiversity And Ecosystem Function: The Consumer Connection, J. Emmett Duffy
Biodiversity And Ecosystem Function: The Consumer Connection, J. Emmett Duffy
VIMS Articles
Proposed links between biodiversity and ecosystem processes have generated intense interest and controversy in recent years. With few exceptions, however, empirical studies have focused on grassland plants and laboratory aquatic microbial systems, whereas there has been little attention to how changing animal diversity may influence ecosystem processes. Meanwhile, a separate research tradition has demonstrated strong top‐down forcing in many systems, but has considered the role of diversity in these processes only tangentially. Integration of these research directions is necessary for more complete understanding in both areas. Several considerations suggest that changing diversity in multi‐level food webs can have important ecosystem …
Continuous In Vitro Culture Of The Carpet Shell Clam Tapes Decussatus Protozoan Parasite Perkinsus Atlanticus, Sm Casas, Jf La Peyre, Kimberly S. Reece, C Azevedo, A Villalba
Continuous In Vitro Culture Of The Carpet Shell Clam Tapes Decussatus Protozoan Parasite Perkinsus Atlanticus, Sm Casas, Jf La Peyre, Kimberly S. Reece, C Azevedo, A Villalba
VIMS Articles
Continuous in vitro cultures of the clam Tapes decussatus parasite Perkinsus atlanticus were established from infected gill fragments, infected haemolymph and parasite hypnospores isolated from infected gill fragments following incubation in Ray's fluid thioglycollate medium (RFTM). No continuous cultures could be initiated from P. atlanticus zoospores. Cultures initiated from hypnospores yielded the highest percentage of continuous cultures (100%, 6/6), followed by cultures initiated from gill fragments (93%, 43/46) and from haemolymph (30%, 3/10). Failures to establish continuous cultures were due to microbial contamination, The source of parasite influenced the success rate, the time taken to establish cultures and the size …
Long-Distance Dispersal Potential In A Marine Macrophyte, Mc Harwell, R J. Orth
Long-Distance Dispersal Potential In A Marine Macrophyte, Mc Harwell, R J. Orth
VIMS Articles
Plant populations have long been noted to migrate faster than predicted based on their life history and seed dispersal characteristics (i.e., Reid's paradox of rapid plant migration). Although precise mechanisms to account for such phenomena are not fully known for all plant species, a combination of theoretical and empirically driven mechanisms often resolves this paradox. Here, we couple a series of direct and indirect field and laboratory exercises on one marine macrophyte, Zostera marina L. (eelgrass), to measured distances between new patches and established beds in order to elucidate the longdistance dispersal and colonization potential of this marine seagrass. Detached, …
A Perspective On Two Decades Of Policies And Regulations Influencing The Protection And Restoration Of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation In Chesapeake Bay, Usa, R J. Orth, Ra Batiuk, Pw Bergstrom, Ken Moore
A Perspective On Two Decades Of Policies And Regulations Influencing The Protection And Restoration Of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation In Chesapeake Bay, Usa, R J. Orth, Ra Batiuk, Pw Bergstrom, Ken Moore
VIMS Articles
Seagrasses along with many other species of freshwater rooted submerged macrophytes in Chesapeake Bay (collectively called SAV) underwent serious declines in population abundances in the 1970s and have not as yet rebounded to previous levels. Cooperative efforts by scientists, politicians, federal and state resource managers, and the general public have developed policies and plans to protect, preserve and enhance SAV populations of Chesapeake Bay. These include the Chesapeake Bay Agreements (1983, 1987, 1992, 1993, 2000), an SAV Management Policy and Implementation Plan for Chesapeake Bay and Tidal Tributaries (1989 and 1990), Chesapeake Bay Blue Crab Fishery Management Plan (1997), as …
The Magnitude Of Spring Bacterial Production In The North Atlantic Ocean, Hw Ducklow, Dl Kirchman, Tr Anderson
The Magnitude Of Spring Bacterial Production In The North Atlantic Ocean, Hw Ducklow, Dl Kirchman, Tr Anderson
VIMS Articles
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), a major reservoir in the ocean carbon cycle, is produced by a profusion of plankton sources and processes but is consumed mainly by bacterioplankton. Thus bacterial metabolism regulates the entry of DOC into the longer scale global carbon cycle. Bacterial production (BP) is the routinely measured quantity for evaluating the roles of bacteria in carbon cycling. However BP cannot be measured directly and instead is estimated from related metabolic processes requiring the use of poorly constrained conversion factors. BP and thus the total carbon utilization, are potentially uncertain by a factor of two or more. In …
Molecular Diagnostics, Field Validation, And Phylogenetic Analysis Of Quahog Parasite Unknown (Qpx), A Pathogen Of The Hard Clam Mercenaria Mercenaria, Na Stokes, Lm Ragone Calvo, Kimberly S. Reece, Em Burreson
Molecular Diagnostics, Field Validation, And Phylogenetic Analysis Of Quahog Parasite Unknown (Qpx), A Pathogen Of The Hard Clam Mercenaria Mercenaria, Na Stokes, Lm Ragone Calvo, Kimberly S. Reece, Em Burreson
VIMS Articles
Quahog Parasite Unknown (QPX) is a protistan parasite that causes disease and mortality in the hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria. PCR primers and DNA oligonucleotide probes were designed and evaluated for sensitivity and specificity for the QPX organism specifically and for the phylum Labyrinthulomycota in general. The best performing QPX-specific primer pair amplified a 665 bp region of the QPX small-subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) and detected as little as 1 fg cloned QPX SSU rDNA and 20 fg QPX genomic DNA. The primers did not amplify DNA of uninfected hard clams M. mercenaria or of the thraustochytrids Schizochytrium aggregatum, Thraustochytrium …
Relative Strengths Of Competition For Space And Food In A Sessile Filter Feeder, David P. Lohse
Relative Strengths Of Competition For Space And Food In A Sessile Filter Feeder, David P. Lohse
VIMS Articles
Previous workers have demonstrated that sessile filter feeders compete for food and space, but little is known about the relative strengths of these two processes. To determine this, the density and position of barnacles (Balanus improvisus) in a unidirectional current were manipulated to alter the amount of competition for space and food, respectively. Results indicated that competition for space significantly reduced growth, and marginally reduced survivorship. Competition for food was also detected, but only among uncrowded individuals; thus, it appears to be the weaker of the two interactions. However, under crowded conditions, downstream individuals actually grew more than those upstream. …
The Microbial And Metazoan Community Associated With Colonies Of Trichodesmium Spp.: A Quantitative Survey, Cc Sheridan, Deborah K. Steinberg, Gw Kling
The Microbial And Metazoan Community Associated With Colonies Of Trichodesmium Spp.: A Quantitative Survey, Cc Sheridan, Deborah K. Steinberg, Gw Kling
VIMS Articles
Association with resource-rich particles may benefit a number of planktonic species in oligotriphic, open-ocean regimes. This study examined communities of microbes and Zooplankton associated with colonies of the cyanobacterium Trichodesmium spp. in the Sargasso Sea. Trichodesmium colonies and seawater controls were collected near Bermuda using SCUBA during September 1995, and June, July and August 1996. Organisms associated with the colonies and those in the surrounding seawater were enumerated using light and fluorescence microscopy. We found that 85% of the Trichodesmium puff and tuft colonies examined harbored associated organisms. Associated organisms included bacteria (rod and coccoid),fungi, pennate diatoms, centric diatoms, heterotrophic …
Are Pfiesteria Species Toxicogenic? Evidence Against Production Of Ichthyotoxins By Pfiesteria Shumwayae, Jp Berry, Kimberly S. Reece, Ks Rein, Dg Baden, Lw Haas, Wl Ribeiro, Jeffrey D. Shields, Rv Snyder, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein, Re Gawley
Are Pfiesteria Species Toxicogenic? Evidence Against Production Of Ichthyotoxins By Pfiesteria Shumwayae, Jp Berry, Kimberly S. Reece, Ks Rein, Dg Baden, Lw Haas, Wl Ribeiro, Jeffrey D. Shields, Rv Snyder, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein, Re Gawley
VIMS Articles
The estuarine genus Pfiesteria has received considerable attention since it was first identified and proposed to be the causative agent of fish kills along the mid-Atlantic coast in 1992. The presumption has been that the mechanism of fish death is by release of one or more toxins by the dinoflagellate. In this report, we challenge the notion that Pfiesteria species produce ichthyotoxins. Specifically, we show that (i) simple centrifugation, with and without ultrasonication, is sufficient to "detoxify" water of actively fish-killing cultures of Pfiesteria shumwayae, (ii) organic extracts of lyophilized cultures are not toxic to fish, (fit) degenerate primers that …
Characterization Of The Dust/Smoke Aerosol That Settled East Of The World Trade Center (Wtc) In Lower Manhattan After The Collapse Of The Wtc 11 September 2001, Paul J. Lioy, Clifford P. Weisel, Et Al, Robert C. Hale
Characterization Of The Dust/Smoke Aerosol That Settled East Of The World Trade Center (Wtc) In Lower Manhattan After The Collapse Of The Wtc 11 September 2001, Paul J. Lioy, Clifford P. Weisel, Et Al, Robert C. Hale
VIMS Articles
The explosion and collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) was a catastrophic event that produced an aerosol plume impacting many workers, residents, and commuters during the first few days after 11 September 2001. Three bulk samples of the total settled dust and smoke were collected at weather-protected locations east of the WTC on 16 and 17 September 200 1; these samples are representative of the generated material that settled immediately after the explosion and fire and the concurrent collapse of the two structures. We analyzed each sample, not differentiated by particle Size, for inorganic and organic composition. In the …
Nuclear And Mitochondrial Dna Markers For Specific Identification Of Istiophorid And Xiphiid Billfishes, Jan Mcdowell, John Graves
Nuclear And Mitochondrial Dna Markers For Specific Identification Of Istiophorid And Xiphiid Billfishes, Jan Mcdowell, John Graves
VIMS Articles
Independent molecular markers based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA were developed to provide positive identification of istiophorid and xiphiid billfishes (marlins, spearfishes, sailfish, and swordfish). Both classes of markers were based on amplification of short segments (
Two Epizootic Diseases In Chesapeake Bay Commercial Clams, Mya Arenaria And Tagelus Plebeius, Cf Dungan, Rm Hamilton, Kl Hudson, Cb Mccollough, Kimberly S. Reece
Two Epizootic Diseases In Chesapeake Bay Commercial Clams, Mya Arenaria And Tagelus Plebeius, Cf Dungan, Rm Hamilton, Kl Hudson, Cb Mccollough, Kimberly S. Reece
VIMS Articles
Declining Chesapeake Bay harvests of softshell clams, together with historical and emerging reports of epizootic diseases in Mya arenaria, prompted a survey in summer 2000 of the health status of selected commercial clam populations. All sampled populations (8 M. arenaria softshell clam, 2 Tagelus plebeius razor clam) were infected by Perkinsus sp. protozoans at prevalences ranging from 30 to 100% of sampled clams. Nucleotide sequences for the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA gene complex were determined for clonal in vitro Perkinsus sp. isolates propagated from both M arenaria and T plebeius. Multiple polymorphic sequences were amplified from …
Study Of Perkinsosis In The Carpet Shell Clam Tapes Decussatus In Galicia (Nw Spain). I. Identification Of The Aetiological Agent And In Vitro Modulation Of Zoosporulation By Temperature And Salinity, Sm Casas, A Villalba, Kimberly S. Reece
Study Of Perkinsosis In The Carpet Shell Clam Tapes Decussatus In Galicia (Nw Spain). I. Identification Of The Aetiological Agent And In Vitro Modulation Of Zoosporulation By Temperature And Salinity, Sm Casas, A Villalba, Kimberly S. Reece
VIMS Articles
Morphological characters of zoosporulation stages and DNA sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene confirmed that the aetiological agent of perkinsosis in the clam Tapes decussatus from Galicia (NW Spain) was Perkinsus atlanticus Azevedo, 1989. In vitro modulation by temperature and salinity of the zoosporulation of the parasite was studied. The optimum temperature range for zoosporulation was 19 to 28degreesC. The temperature range allowing zoosporulation in vitro was 15 to 32degreesC, which is broader than previously reported (24 to 28degreesC) for R atlanticus, and strongly suggests that zoospores can be …
Observations On The Distribution Of Meroplankton During A Downwelling Event And Associated Intrusion Of The Chesapeake Bay Estuarine Plume, Al Shanks, J Largier, L Brink, J Brubaker, R Hooff
Observations On The Distribution Of Meroplankton During A Downwelling Event And Associated Intrusion Of The Chesapeake Bay Estuarine Plume, Al Shanks, J Largier, L Brink, J Brubaker, R Hooff
VIMS Articles
We investigated the dispersal of larvae of benthic invertebrates and tested the hypothesis that larvae behaved as if they were passive particles. Observations were made off Duck, North Carolina, USA diving a period of wind driven downwelling at the coast and an intrusion of estuarine water from the Chesapeake Bay. The plume of estuarine water (salinity < 30 psu) was strongest at the shoreward stations in the more northern transects. Wind driven shoreward surface flow, converged at the seaward edge of the plume and downwelled. Offshore flow was present below the thermocline and caused the thermocline to bend downward and contact the bottom at between 5 and 10 km offshore. In the zooplankton samples, we enumerated 33 taxa of larvae (17 taxa of bivalve veligers, 10 taxa of gastropod veligers, and 6 taxa of polychaete larvae). Using cluster analysis, larvae were separated into groups with similar patterns of distribution. If larvae were acting as passive particles then we hypothesized that: 1) Their distribution should remain tied to a water mass and 2) around a convergence or divergence, there should be no change in larval concentration. The distributions of larvae in Clusters 1, 4, 5, and 6 were consistent with the hypothesis that thy were acting as passive particles. Larvae in Clusters 2 and 3, however, did not appear to be acting as passive particles. Larvae in Cluster 2 did not remain tied to a water mass. They entered the study area in the estuarine plume waters, but within 20 km they were nearly absent from the plume water and were found seaward of the plume and at greater depth. Larvae in Cluster 3 were most abundant in areas of converging currents where the shoreward flowing surface waters downwelled at the plume front or against the shore. We hypothesized that larvae of organisms which as adults live in the intertidal or shallow, subtidal zones would have more nearshore distributions than the larvae of adults that are broadly distributed across the shelf. We compared the depth of the habitat of the adult bivalves from which the bivalve larvae in the different clusters were derived. The results were consistent with the hypothesis; larvae with distributions closer to shore tended to come from adults found at shallower depths or in the intertidal zone.
Widespread Distribution In Polar Oceans Of A 16s Rrna Gene Sequence With Affinity To Nitrosospira-Like Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria, Jt Hollibaugh, Hw Ducklow, N Bano
Widespread Distribution In Polar Oceans Of A 16s Rrna Gene Sequence With Affinity To Nitrosospira-Like Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria, Jt Hollibaugh, Hw Ducklow, N Bano
VIMS Articles
We analyzed the phylogenetic compositions of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria of the beta subclass of Proteobacteria from 42 Southern Ocean samples. We found a Nitrosospira-like 16S rRNA gene sequence in all 20 samples that yielded PCR products (8 of 30 samples from the Ross Sea and 12 of 12 samples from the Palmer Peninsula). We also found this sequence in Arctic Ocean samples, indicating a transpolar, if not global, distribution; however, slight differences between Arctic and Antarctic sequences may be evidence of polar endemism.
Properties Of The Residuals From Two Tag-Recovery Models, Robert J. Latour, John M. Hoenig, Kenneth H. Pollock
Properties Of The Residuals From Two Tag-Recovery Models, Robert J. Latour, John M. Hoenig, Kenneth H. Pollock
VIMS Articles
No abstract provided.
Distribution Of The Euryhaline Squid Lolliguncula Brevis In Chesapeake Bay: Effects Of Selected Abiotic Factors, Ik Bartol, Roger L. Mann, M Vecchione
Distribution Of The Euryhaline Squid Lolliguncula Brevis In Chesapeake Bay: Effects Of Selected Abiotic Factors, Ik Bartol, Roger L. Mann, M Vecchione
VIMS Articles
The majority of cephalopods are thought to have limitations arising from physiology and locomotion that exclude them from shallow, highly variable, euryhaline environments. The brief squid Lolliguncula brevis may be a notable exception because it tolerates low salinities, withstands a wide range of environmental conditions, and swims readily in shallow water. Little is known about the distribution of L. brevis in Chesapeake Bay, a diverse and highly variable estuary. Therefore, a survey of L. brevis was conducted in the Virginia portion of Chesapeake Bay from 1993 to 1997 using a 9.1 m otter trawl, and the effects of selected factors …
Assimilating High-Resolution Salinity Data Into A Model Of A Partially Mixed Estuary, Jiangtao Xu, Shenn-Yu Chao, Raleigh R. Hood, Harry V. Wang
Assimilating High-Resolution Salinity Data Into A Model Of A Partially Mixed Estuary, Jiangtao Xu, Shenn-Yu Chao, Raleigh R. Hood, Harry V. Wang
VIMS Articles
[1] A three-dimensional circulation model of the Chesapeake Bay is used to validate a simple data assimilation scheme, using high-resolution salinity data acquired from a ship-towed undulating vehicle (a Scanfish). The simulation period spans the entire year of 1995 during which the high-resolution Scanfish data were available in July and October, lasting a few days each. Since Scanfish data were irregularly distributed in time and space, only salinity fields are nudged in the model for simplicity. Model improvements through data assimilation are evaluated from a pair of experiments: one with data assimilation and one without. Data from scattered Chesapeake Bay …
Estimating The Spatial Extent Of Bottom-Water Hypoxia And Habitat Degradation In A Shallow Estuary, Cp Buzzelli, Ra Luettich, Sp Powers, Ch Peterson, Je Mcninch, Jl Pinckney, Hw Paerl
Estimating The Spatial Extent Of Bottom-Water Hypoxia And Habitat Degradation In A Shallow Estuary, Cp Buzzelli, Ra Luettich, Sp Powers, Ch Peterson, Je Mcninch, Jl Pinckney, Hw Paerl
VIMS Articles
Bottom-water hypoxia (less than or equal to2 mg l(-1) dissolved oxygen [DO]) greatly modifies the benthic habitat of estuaries, depending upon spatial extent, duration, and frequency. Bottom-water hypoxia often develops under conditions of density stratification, which inhibits vertical mixing, and warm temperatures, which enhance biological oxygen demand. Long-term, mid-channel data from the Neuse River Estuary in North Carolina permitted evaluation of how stratification and temperature combined to affect DO concentrations at the bottom. Salinity stratification (AS) and water temperature (T) explained respectively 30 and 23 % of the variance in bottom-water DO concentrations. The amount of salinity stratification required to …
Horizontal And Vertical Movements Of Juvenile Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus Thynnus), In Relation To Oceanographic Conditions Of The Western North Atlantic, Determined With Ultrasonic Telemetry, Richard Brill, Molly Lutcavage, Greg Metzger, Peter Bushnell, Michael D. Arendt, Jon Lucy, Cheryl Watson, David Foley
Horizontal And Vertical Movements Of Juvenile Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus Thynnus), In Relation To Oceanographic Conditions Of The Western North Atlantic, Determined With Ultrasonic Telemetry, Richard Brill, Molly Lutcavage, Greg Metzger, Peter Bushnell, Michael D. Arendt, Jon Lucy, Cheryl Watson, David Foley
VIMS Articles
We employed ultrasonic transmitters to follow (for up to 48 h) the horizontal and vertical movements of five juvenile (6.8-18.7 kg estimated body mass) bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) in the western North Atlantic (off the eastern shore of Virginia). Our objective was to document the fishes' behavior and distribution in relation to oceanographic conditions and thus begin to address issues that currently limit population assessments based on aerial surveys. Estimation of the trends in adult and juvenile Atlantic bluefin tuna abundance by aerial surveys, and other fishery-independent measures, is considered a priority. Juvenile bluefin tuna spent the majority of their …
Hybridization Between Two Serranids, The Coney (Cephalopholis Fulva) And The Creole-Fish (Paranthias Furcifer), At Bermuda, Meredith A. Bostrom, Bruce B. Collette, Brian E. Luckhurst, Kimberly S. Reece, John Graves
Hybridization Between Two Serranids, The Coney (Cephalopholis Fulva) And The Creole-Fish (Paranthias Furcifer), At Bermuda, Meredith A. Bostrom, Bruce B. Collette, Brian E. Luckhurst, Kimberly S. Reece, John Graves
VIMS Articles
Intergeneric hybridization between the epinepheline serranids Cephalopholis fulva and Paranthias furcifer in waters off Bermuda was investigated by using morphological and molecular characters. Putative hybrids, as well as members of each presumed parent species, were analyzed for 44 morphological characters and screened for genetic variation at 16 nuclear allozyme loci, two nuclear WDNA loci, and three mitochondrial (mt)DNA gene regions. Four of 16 allozyme loci, creatine kinase (CK-B*), fumarase (FH*), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH-S*), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH-B*), were unique in C. fulva and R furcifer. Restriction fragments of two nuclear DNA intron regions, an actin gene intron and the second …
Factors Affecting Sperm Motility Of Tetraploid Pacific Oysters, Qx Dong, B Eudeline, Standish K. Allen Jr., Tr Tiersch
Factors Affecting Sperm Motility Of Tetraploid Pacific Oysters, Qx Dong, B Eudeline, Standish K. Allen Jr., Tr Tiersch
VIMS Articles
Factors such as osmotic pressure, extender solution, addition of caffeine, and pH have been shown to affect sperm motility in aquatic species. We evaluated the effects of 18 osmotic pressures, two extender solutions, seven caffeine concentrations, and a pH range of 3 to 14 on motility of sperm from tetraploid Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas. Motility was highest at 1000 mOsmol/kg (mean +/- SD: 83 +/- 14%). Calcium-free Hanks' balanced salt solution yielded significantly higher sperm motility than did artificial seawater. Sperm motility increased with caffeine concentrations to 20 mM (81 +/- 12%) and decreased when concentrations were higher than 50 …
Rapa Whelk Rapana Venosa (Valenciennes, 1846) Predation Rates On Hard Clams Mercenaria Mercenaria (Linnaeus, 1758), D Savini, Jm Harding, Roger L. Mann
Rapa Whelk Rapana Venosa (Valenciennes, 1846) Predation Rates On Hard Clams Mercenaria Mercenaria (Linnaeus, 1758), D Savini, Jm Harding, Roger L. Mann
VIMS Articles
The recent discovery of adult veined rapa whelks Rapana venosa (Valenciennes, 1846) in the Lower Chesapeake Bay, U.S.A. offers cause for both ecological and economic concern. Adult rapa whelks are large predatory gastropods that consume bivalves including commercially valuable species such as hard clams, Mercenaria mercenaria (Linnaeus, 1758). Laboratory feeding experiments were used to estimate daily consumption rates of two sizes of whelks feeding on two size classes of hard clams. Large rapa whelks (shell length, SL > 101 mm) are capable of consuming up to 2.7 g wet weight of clam tissue daily, equivalent to 0.8% of their body weight. …
Transmission Of Withering Syndrome In Black Abalone, Haliotis Cracherodii Leach, Cs Friedman, W Biggs, Jeffrey D. Shields, Rp Hedrick
Transmission Of Withering Syndrome In Black Abalone, Haliotis Cracherodii Leach, Cs Friedman, W Biggs, Jeffrey D. Shields, Rp Hedrick
VIMS Articles
Withering syndrome (WS) has been associated with catastrophic declines in black abalone populations in southern and central California. In an effort to identify the etiological agent of WS and to characterize the progression of this disease, we initiated a transmission study in which abalone from Ano Nuevo Island, a location free of WS, shared aquaria with animals from Vandenberg Airforce Base, a location where WS is epizootic. The mean incubation period of WS (time to develop overt signs of the disease) was 245 days with a mean time to death after development of clinical signs of 42 days. Median time …
Haplosporidium Costale (Seaside Organism), A Parasite Of The Eastern Oyster, Is Present In Long Island Sound, I Sunila, Na Stokes, R Smolowitz, Rc Karney, E. M. Burreson
Haplosporidium Costale (Seaside Organism), A Parasite Of The Eastern Oyster, Is Present In Long Island Sound, I Sunila, Na Stokes, R Smolowitz, Rc Karney, E. M. Burreson
VIMS Articles
A haplosporidian parasite, Haplosporidium costale (seaside organism or SSO), is associated with high mortalities of eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) in seaside bays of Virginia and Maryland. Its presence in Long Island Sound has been tentatively suggested in several publications for the last 50 y. Positive identification of H. costale and differentiation from another haplosporidian parasite, Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX), from histological sections is difficult and requires the presence of spores. We detected H. costale spores in 4 out of 5010 (0.08%) oysters collected from Long Island Sound in 1997-1999. In situ hybridization using an oligonucleotide DNA probe designed to detect small …
Hybridization Of Tetraploid And Diploid Crassostrea Gigas (Thunberg) With Diploid C-Ariakensis (Fujita), H Que, Standish K. Allen Jr.
Hybridization Of Tetraploid And Diploid Crassostrea Gigas (Thunberg) With Diploid C-Ariakensis (Fujita), H Que, Standish K. Allen Jr.
VIMS Articles
Three replicates of hybrid crosses of tetraploid and diploid C gigas (Thunberg) with diploid C ariakensis (Fujita) were produced with controls. Larval survival and growth were documented. Cytological events were also monitored in oocytes from hybrid crosses following insemination. Among the four types of hybrid crosses, diploid C. gigas (female) x diploid C. ariakensis (male) (GA) was the most successful. Survival of GA was about the same as that of controls in two of three replications, although its growth rate was 25-30% lower. Crosses of tetraploid C. gigas (female) and diploid C. ariakensis (male) (GGA) had poor yield at day …
Age And Growth Of The Smooth Dogfish (Mustelus Canis) In The Northwest Atlantic Ocean, Christina L. Conrath, J Gelsleichter, John A. Musick
Age And Growth Of The Smooth Dogfish (Mustelus Canis) In The Northwest Atlantic Ocean, Christina L. Conrath, J Gelsleichter, John A. Musick
VIMS Articles
The northwest Atlantic population of smooth dogfish (Mustelus canis) ranges from Cape Cod, Massachusetts, to South Carolina. Although M. canis is seasonally abundant in this region, very little is known about important aspects of its biology, such as growth and reproductive rates. In the early 1990s, commercial fishery landings of smooth dogfish dramatically increased on the east coast of the United States. This study investigated growth rates of the east coast M. canis population through analysis of growth patterns in vertebral centra. Marginal increment analysis, estimates of precision, and patterns in seasonal growth supported the use of vertebrae to age …
Spawning Of American Shad (Alosa Sapidissima) And Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis) In The Mattaponi And Pamunkey Rivers, Virginia, Donna M. Bilkovic, John E. Olney, Carl H. Hershner
Spawning Of American Shad (Alosa Sapidissima) And Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis) In The Mattaponi And Pamunkey Rivers, Virginia, Donna M. Bilkovic, John E. Olney, Carl H. Hershner
VIMS Articles
No abstract provided.
Examination Of Diffusion Versus Advection Dominated Sediment Suspension On The Inner Shelf Under Storm And Swell Conditions, Duck, North Carolina, Guan-Hong Lee, Carl T. Friedrichs, Chris E. Vincent
Examination Of Diffusion Versus Advection Dominated Sediment Suspension On The Inner Shelf Under Storm And Swell Conditions, Duck, North Carolina, Guan-Hong Lee, Carl T. Friedrichs, Chris E. Vincent
VIMS Articles
[1] A benthic boundary layer tripod supporting six current meters and three profiling acoustic backscatter sensors (ABS) documented storm and swell conditions during the fall of 1996 at a depth of 13 m on the inner shelf off Duck, North Carolina. Sediment concentration was higher in the wave boundary layer (WBL) during storm conditions but higher similar to40 cm above the bed (cm ab) during swell conditions. To test the applicability of a diffusive balance during storm versus swell, ABS data were used to invert the vertical diffusion equation and solve for eddy diffusivity from 1 to 50 cm ab. …
Across-Shelf Sediment Transport: Interactions Between Suspended Sediment And Bed Sediment, Courtney K. Harris, Patricia Wiberg
Across-Shelf Sediment Transport: Interactions Between Suspended Sediment And Bed Sediment, Courtney K. Harris, Patricia Wiberg
VIMS Articles
[1] We use a two-dimensional, time-dependent sediment-transport model to quantify across-shelf transport, deposition, and sorting during wave-driven resuspension events characteristic of those that dominate sediment transport on many continental shelves. Decreases in wave-orbital velocities as water depth increases, and the resulting cross-shelf gradient in bed shear stress favor a net offshore transport of sediment. On wide, flat shelves (slopes similar to0.1%), these gradients are low, and the depth to which the seabed is reworked depends mainly on bottom shear stress and local sediment availability. On narrow, steep shelves (slopes similar to0.5%), however, the gradient in bottom stress generates significant cross-shelf …