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- Biological Sciences Peer-Reviewed Articles (11)
- Fisheries Science Peer-Reviewed Articles (5)
- Aquatic Health Sciences Peer-Reviewed Articles (3)
- Physical Sciences Peer-Reviewed Articles (2)
- Acanthochromis Polyacanthus (1)
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- Backbarrier marsh; barrier island; overwash; sea level rise; coastal erosion (1)
- CONTINENTAL-SHELF CARBON; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; NORTH-ATLANTIC; PACIFIC-OCEAN; SPRING BLOOM; DYNAMICS; SEA; CALIBRATION; VALIDATION; WETLAND (1)
- Carcasses (1)
- Crassostrea Virginica; Oyster; Fisheries Modeling; Stock Assessment; Sustainability; Shell Budget; Biological Reference Point (1)
- Crassostrea Virginica; Oysters; Selective Breeding; Disease Resistance; Chesapeake Bay; Growth; Genetic Improvement; Msx; Dermo (1)
- DISSIMILATORY NITRATE REDUCTION; C NITRITE REDUCTASE; NITROGEN-CYCLE; FRINGING MARSH; AMMONIUM DNRA; RIVER-ESTUARY; DENITRIFICATION; SEDIMENT; AMMONIFICATION; DIVERSITY (1)
- Data assimilation; satellite-derived data; marine ecosystem model; Mid-Atlantic Bight (1)
- Eastern Oyster; Crassostrea Virginica; Fecundity; Perkinsus Marinus; Haplosporidium Nelsoni; Recruitment (1)
- INFECTIVITY-DILUTION CURVE; TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; HOST HETEROGENEITY; EFFICACY; TESTS (1)
- KRILL EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; SOUTHERN ANNULAR MODE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SEA-ICE; MARINE ECOSYSTEM; VARIABILITY; PHYTOPLANKTON; DISTRIBUTIONS; OCEAN; RECRUITMENT (1)
- Krill; Euphausia superba; Silverfish; Myctophid; Lipid content (1)
- LIFE-HISTORY; MARINE POPULATIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; PELAGIC SHARKS; FIN TRADE; FISHERIES; BIODIVERSITY; RECOVERY; PACIFIC (1)
- Multispecies Research Group Peer Reviewed Articles (1)
- Ocean acidification (1)
- PARALICHTHYS-DENTATUS; ULTRASONIC TELEMETRY; CHESAPEAKE BAY; BLUEFIN TUNA; DYNAMICS; FISH; CONSUMPTION; METABOLISM; SALINITY; BEHAVIOR (1)
- RAOS QUADRATIC ENTROPY; FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY; PHYLOGENETIC DIVERSITY; SPECIES-DIVERSITY; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; FEEDING-HABITS; GROUNDFISH ASSEMBLAGES; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; GENERAL COEFFICIENT (1)
- SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS; EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; SEA-ICE; BIOMASS; DENSITY; GROWTH; MORTALITY; ECOSYSTEM; REGION; LINKS (1)
- Salps; Thaliacea; Jellyfish blooms; Gelatinous zooplankton; Mesoscale eddies (1)
- Sea urchins (1)
- Sediment traps (1)
- Swimmer (1)
- Zooplankton · Bacterial communities · Carbon substrates · Biolog EcoPlates · York River (1)
Articles 1 - 20 of 20
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Regional Differences In Quality Of Krill And Fish As Prey Along The Western Antarctic Peninsula, Kate E. Ruck, Deborah K. Steinberg, Elizabeth A. Canuel
Regional Differences In Quality Of Krill And Fish As Prey Along The Western Antarctic Peninsula, Kate E. Ruck, Deborah K. Steinberg, Elizabeth A. Canuel
VIMS Articles
The warming trend in the northern part of the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) has led to a decrease in perennial and summer sea ice, an increase in heat content over the shelf, and lower phytoplankton biomass, which could affect the prey quality of krill and fish that are utilized by apex predators. We compared prey quality metrics, including elemental (C, N) content; total, neutral, and polar lipid content; and energy densities of known penguin prey items including krill (Euphausia superba, Thysanoessa macrura, and E. crystallorophias) and fish (silverfish Pleuragramma antarcticum and the myctophid Electrona antarctica) …
Shell Condition And Survival Of Puget Sound Pteropods Are Impaired By Ocean Acidification Conditions, D. Shallin Busch, Michael Maher, Patricia Thibodeau, Paul Mcelhany
Shell Condition And Survival Of Puget Sound Pteropods Are Impaired By Ocean Acidification Conditions, D. Shallin Busch, Michael Maher, Patricia Thibodeau, Paul Mcelhany
VIMS Articles
We tested whether the thecosome pteropod Limacina helicina from Puget Sound, an urbanized estuary in the northwest continental US, experiences shell dissolution and altered mortality rates when exposed to the high CO2, low aragonite saturation state (Ωa) conditions that occur in Puget Sound and the northeast Pacific Ocean. Five, week-long experiments were conducted in which we incubated pteropods collected from Puget Sound in four carbon chemistry conditions: current summer surface (∼460–500 µatm CO2, Ωa≈1.59), current deep water or surface conditions during upwelling (∼760 and ∼1600–1700 µatm CO2, Ωa≈1.17 …
Use Of Neutral Red In Short-Term Sediment Traps To Distinguish Between Zooplankton Swimmers And Carcasses, Jami Ivory, Kam Tang, Kazutaka Takahasi
Use Of Neutral Red In Short-Term Sediment Traps To Distinguish Between Zooplankton Swimmers And Carcasses, Jami Ivory, Kam Tang, Kazutaka Takahasi
VIMS Articles
The presence of zooplankton swimmers and carcasses in sediment trap samples has long been a concern in particle flux studies. We successfully developed a protocol using the vital stain Neutral Red to distinguish between copepod swimmers and carcasses in conventional cylindrical sediment traps. Swimmers were stained red whereas carcasses were pale or unstained.The color distinction allowed easy quantification of the two. We subsequently used the protocol in Otsuchi Bay, Japan, on 4 consecutive days in May and again in July 2013. Carcasses were presentin the sediment traps on all occasions, and calanoid and cyclopoid copepods accounted for 60.0−93.6% of all …
Structure And Function Of Zooplankton-Associated Bacterial Communities In A Temperate Estuary Change More With Time Than With Zooplankton Species, Samatha L. Bickel, Kam W. Tang, Hans-Peter Grossart
Structure And Function Of Zooplankton-Associated Bacterial Communities In A Temperate Estuary Change More With Time Than With Zooplankton Species, Samatha L. Bickel, Kam W. Tang, Hans-Peter Grossart
VIMS Articles
Zooplankton support distinct bacterial communities in high concentrations relative to the surrounding water, but little is known about how the compositions and functionalities of these bacterial communities change through time in relation to environmental conditions. We conducted a year-long field study of bacterial communities associated with common zooplankton groups as well as free-living bacterial communities in the York River, a tributary of Chesapeake Bay. Bacterial community genetic fingerprints and their carbon substrate usage were examined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of amplified 16S rDNA and by Biolog EcoPlates, respectively. Zooplankton-associated communities were genetically distinct from free-living bacterial communities but …
The Vertical Structure Of The Circulation And Dynamics In Hudson Shelf Valley, Steven J. Lentz, Bradford Butman, Courtney K. Harris
The Vertical Structure Of The Circulation And Dynamics In Hudson Shelf Valley, Steven J. Lentz, Bradford Butman, Courtney K. Harris
VIMS Articles
Hudson Shelf Valley is a 20-30 m deep, 5-10 km wide v-shaped submarine valley that extends across the Middle Atlantic Bight continental shelf. The valley provides a conduit for cross-shelf exchange via along-valley currents of 0.5 m s(-1) or more. Current profile, pressure, and density observations collected during the winter of 1999-2000 are used to examine the vertical structure and dynamics of the flow. Near-bottom along-valley currents having times scales of a few days are driven by cross-shelf pressure gradients setup by wind stresses, with eastward (westward) winds driving onshore (offshore) flow within the valley. The along-valley momentum balance in …
A Missing Dimension In Measures Of Vaccination Impacts, M. Gabriela M. Gomes, Marc Lipsitch, Andrew R. Wargo, Gael Kurath, Carlota Rebelo, Graham F. Medley, Antonio Coutinho
A Missing Dimension In Measures Of Vaccination Impacts, M. Gabriela M. Gomes, Marc Lipsitch, Andrew R. Wargo, Gael Kurath, Carlota Rebelo, Graham F. Medley, Antonio Coutinho
VIMS Articles
No abstract provided.
Dimensions Of Biodiversity In Chesapeake Bay Demersal Fishes: Patterns And Drivers Through Space And Time, Jonathan S. Lefcheck, Andre Buchheister, Katie May Laumann, Mark A. Stratton, Kathryn L. Sobocinski, Soloman Chak, Todd R. Clardy, Pamela L. Reynolds, Robert J. Latour, Emmett J. Duffy
Dimensions Of Biodiversity In Chesapeake Bay Demersal Fishes: Patterns And Drivers Through Space And Time, Jonathan S. Lefcheck, Andre Buchheister, Katie May Laumann, Mark A. Stratton, Kathryn L. Sobocinski, Soloman Chak, Todd R. Clardy, Pamela L. Reynolds, Robert J. Latour, Emmett J. Duffy
VIMS Articles
Biodiversity has typically been described in terms of species richness and composition, but theory and growing empirical evidence indicate that the diversity of functional traits, the breadth of evolutionary relationships, and the equitability with which individuals or biomass are distributed among species better characterize patterns and processes within ecosystems. Yet, the advantages of including such data come at the expense of measuring traits, sequencing genes, and counting or weighing individuals, and it remains unclear whether this greater resolution yields substantial benefits in describing diversity. We summarized a decade of high-resolution trawl data from a bimonthly trawl survey to investigate spatial …
Small-Scale Vertical Movements Of Summer Flounder Relative To Diurnal, Tidal, And Temperature Changes, Mark J. Henderson, Mary C. Fabrizio
Small-Scale Vertical Movements Of Summer Flounder Relative To Diurnal, Tidal, And Temperature Changes, Mark J. Henderson, Mary C. Fabrizio
VIMS Articles
Observation of animal movements on small spatial scales provides a means to understand how large-scale species distributions are established from individual behavioral decisions. Small-scale vertical movements of 14 Summer Flounder Paralichthys dentatus residing in Chesapeake Bay were observed by using depth data collected with archival tags. A generalized linear mixed model was employed to examine the relationship between these vertical movements and environmental covariates such as tidal state, time of day, lunar phase, and temperature. Vertical movements increased with warming water temperatures, and this pattern was most apparent at night and during rising and falling tides. Fish generally exhibited greater …
Impacts Of Freshwater Flushing On Anammox Community Structure And Activities In The New River Estuary, Usa, Ja Lisa, B Song, Cr Tobias, Ka Duernberger
Impacts Of Freshwater Flushing On Anammox Community Structure And Activities In The New River Estuary, Usa, Ja Lisa, B Song, Cr Tobias, Ka Duernberger
VIMS Articles
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) and denitrification are 2 microbial nitrogen removal processes that may play an important role in controlling the intensity and duration of estuarine and coastal eutrophication. Sediment communities in the New River Estuary, North Carolina were investigated to determine the dynamics of anammox activity and community structure in conjunction with environmental conditions. N-15 tracer incubation experiments with sediment slurries were used to measure anammox and denitrification rates and estimate anammox contribution to total N-2 production. Molecular analyses targeting the hydrazine oxidoreductase (hzo) gene were conducted to examine the structure of anammox communities and quantify the abundance of …
Investigating The Effect Of Recruitment Variability On Length-Based Recruitment Indices For Antarctic Krill Using An Individual-Based Population Dynamics Model, Stephane Thanassekos, Martin J. Cox, Keith Reid
Investigating The Effect Of Recruitment Variability On Length-Based Recruitment Indices For Antarctic Krill Using An Individual-Based Population Dynamics Model, Stephane Thanassekos, Martin J. Cox, Keith Reid
VIMS Articles
Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba; herein krill) is monitored as part of an on-going fisheries observer program that collects length-frequency data. A krill feedback management programme is currently being developed, and as part of this development, the utility of data-derived indices describing population level processes is being assessed. To date, however, little work has been carried out on the selection of optimum recruitment indices and it has not been possible to assess the performance of length-based recruitment indices across a range of recruitment variability. Neither has there been an assessment of uncertainty in the relationship between an index and the actual …
Winter And Spring Controls On The Summer Food Web Of The Coastal West Antarctic Peninsula, Grace K. Saba, William R. Fraser, Vincent S. Saba, Richard A. Iannuzzi, Kaycee E. Coleman, Scott C. Doney, Hugh W. Ducklow, Douglas G. Martinson, Travis N. Miles, Donna L. Patterson-Fraser, Sharon E. Stammerjohn, Deborah K. Steinberg
Winter And Spring Controls On The Summer Food Web Of The Coastal West Antarctic Peninsula, Grace K. Saba, William R. Fraser, Vincent S. Saba, Richard A. Iannuzzi, Kaycee E. Coleman, Scott C. Doney, Hugh W. Ducklow, Douglas G. Martinson, Travis N. Miles, Donna L. Patterson-Fraser, Sharon E. Stammerjohn, Deborah K. Steinberg
VIMS Articles
Understanding the mechanisms by which climate variability affects multiple trophic levels in food webs is essential for determining ecosystem responses to climate change. Here we use over two decades of data collected by the Palmer Long Term Ecological Research program (PAL-LTER) to determine how large-scale climate and local physical forcing affect phytoplankton, zooplankton and an apex predator along the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP). We show that positive anomalies in chlorophyll-a (chl-a) at Palmer Station, occurring every 4-6 years, are constrained by physical processes in the preceding winter/spring and a negative phase of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). Favorable conditions for …
Long-Term Time-Series Study Of Salp Population Dynamics In The Sargasso Sea, Joshua P. Stone, Deborah K. Steinberg
Long-Term Time-Series Study Of Salp Population Dynamics In The Sargasso Sea, Joshua P. Stone, Deborah K. Steinberg
VIMS Articles
Salps are bloom-forming, pelagic tunicates with high grazing rates on phytoplankton, with the potential to greatly increase vertical particle flux through rapidly sinking fecal pellets. However, the frequency and causes of salp blooms are not well known. We quantified salps from day and night zooplankton net tows in the epipelagic zone of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre as part of the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS). Salp species and size were quantified in biweekly to monthly tows from April 1994 to November 2011. Twenty-one species of salps occurred at the BATS site over this time period, and the most common …
Interactions Between Barrier Islands And Backbarrier Marshes Affect Island System Response To Sea Level Rise: Insights From A Coupled Model, David C. Walters, Laura J. Moore, Orencio Duran Vincent, Sergio Fagherazzi, Giulio Mariotti
Interactions Between Barrier Islands And Backbarrier Marshes Affect Island System Response To Sea Level Rise: Insights From A Coupled Model, David C. Walters, Laura J. Moore, Orencio Duran Vincent, Sergio Fagherazzi, Giulio Mariotti
VIMS Articles
Interactions between backbarrier marshes and barrier islands will likely play an important role in determining how low-lying coastal systems respond to sea level rise and changes in storminess in the future. To assess the role of couplings between marshes and barrier islands under changing conditions, we develop and apply a coupled barrier island-marsh model (GEOMBEST+) to assess the impact of overwash deposition on backbarrier marsh morphology and of marsh morphology on rates of island migration. Our model results suggest that backbarrier marsh width is in a constant state of change until either the backbarrier basin becomes completely filled or backbarrier …
Estimating Sustainable Harvests Of Eastern Oysters, Crassostrea Virginica, Tm Soniat, N Cooper, En Powell, Jm Klinck, M Abdelguerfi, S Tu, Roger L. Mann, Pd Banks
Estimating Sustainable Harvests Of Eastern Oysters, Crassostrea Virginica, Tm Soniat, N Cooper, En Powell, Jm Klinck, M Abdelguerfi, S Tu, Roger L. Mann, Pd Banks
VIMS Articles
Sustainability of a fishery is traditionally and typically considered achieved if the exploited population does not decline in numbers or biomass over time as a result of fishing relative to biological reference point goals. Oysters, however, exhibit atypical population dynamics compared with many other commercial species. The population dynamics often display extreme natural interannual variation in numbers and biomass, and oysters create their own habitat-the reef itself. With the worldwide decline of oyster reef habitat and the oyster fisheries dependent thereon, the maintenance of shell has received renewed attention as essential to population sustainability. We apply a shell budget model …
Breeding And Domestication Of Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea Virginica) Lines For Culture In The Mid-Atlantic, Usa: Line Development And Mass Selection For Disease Resistance, Anu Frank-Lawale, Standish K. Allen Jr., Lionel Degremont
Breeding And Domestication Of Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea Virginica) Lines For Culture In The Mid-Atlantic, Usa: Line Development And Mass Selection For Disease Resistance, Anu Frank-Lawale, Standish K. Allen Jr., Lionel Degremont
VIMS Articles
A selective breeding program for Crassostrea virginica was established in 1997 as part of an initiative in Virginia to address declining oyster harvests caused by the two oyster pathogens Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX) and Perkinsusmarinus (Dermo). Housed in the Aquaculture Genetics and Breeding Technology Center (ABC), the objective of the program was to develop and disseminate disease-resistant lines that would enable an oyster culture industry. Today, culture of disease-resistant cultivars accounts for more than 90% of oyster production in the state, where 28.1 million half-shell oysters and 2 billion eyed larvae were sold in 2012. Results of our line development program …
Temporal Variation In Fecundity And Spawning In The Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica, In The Piankatank River, Virginia, Roger L. Mann, Melissa Southworth, Ryan B. Carnegie, Rita K. Crockett
Temporal Variation In Fecundity And Spawning In The Eastern Oyster, Crassostrea Virginica, In The Piankatank River, Virginia, Roger L. Mann, Melissa Southworth, Ryan B. Carnegie, Rita K. Crockett
VIMS Articles
Oysters of the genus Crassostrea are considered good examples of an r-selected marine invertebrate with small egg size, high fecundity, and multiple spawning events per year, each characterized by significant individual weight loss. Historical (decadal) data for the Virginia portion of the Chesapeake Bay support these generalities. We present recent (subdecadal) data, collected for natural Crassostrea virginica broodstock of populations in the Piankatank River, Virginia. The relationship is described between oyster size, fecundity, spawning periodicity, and egg viability for natural broodstock. Oysters collected throughout the summers of 2010 through 2012 and induced to spawn by thermal cycling released viable eggs …
Linking Dnra Community Structure And Activity In A Shallow Lagoonal Estuarine System, Bongkeun Song, Jessica A. Lisa, Craig R. Tobias
Linking Dnra Community Structure And Activity In A Shallow Lagoonal Estuarine System, Bongkeun Song, Jessica A. Lisa, Craig R. Tobias
VIMS Articles
Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) and denitrification are two nitrate respiration pathways in the microbial nitrogen cycle. Diversity and abundance of denitrifying bacteria have been extensively examined in various ecosystems. However, studies on DNRA bacterial diversity are limited, and the linkage between the structure and activity of DNRA communities has yet to be discovered. We examined the composition, diversity, abundance, and activities of DNRA communities at five sites along a salinity gradient in the New River Estuary, North Carolina, USA, a shallow temporal/lagoonal estuarine system. Sediment slurry incubation experiments with N-15-nitrate were conducted to measure potential DNRA rates, while …
Extinction Risk And Conservation Of The World's Sharks And Rays, Nicholas K. Dulvy, John A. Musick
Extinction Risk And Conservation Of The World's Sharks And Rays, Nicholas K. Dulvy, John A. Musick
VIMS Articles
The rapid expansion of human activities threatens ocean-wide biodiversity. Numerous marine animal populations have declined, yet it remains unclear whether these trends are symptomatic of a chronic accumulation of global marine extinction risk. We present the first systematic analysis of threat for a globally distributed lineage of 1,041 chondrichthyan fishes-sharks, rays, and chimaeras. We estimate that one-quarter are threatened according to IUCN Red List criteria due to overfishing (targeted and incidental). Large-bodied, shallow-water species are at greatest risk and five out of the seven most threatened families are rays. Overall chondrichthyan extinction risk is substantially higher than for most other …
The Assimilation Of Satellite-Derived Data Into A One-Dimensional Lower Trophic Level Marine Ecosystem Model, Yongjin Xiao, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs
The Assimilation Of Satellite-Derived Data Into A One-Dimensional Lower Trophic Level Marine Ecosystem Model, Yongjin Xiao, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs
VIMS Articles
Lower trophic level marine ecosystem models are highly dependent on the parameter values given to key rate processes, however many of these are either unknown or difficult to measure. One solution to this problem is to apply data assimilation techniques that optimize key parameter values, however in many cases in situ ecosystem data are unavailable on the temporal and spatial scales of interest. Although multiple types of satellite-derived data are now available with high temporal and spatial resolution, the relative advantages of assimilating different satellite data types are not well known. Here these issues are examined by implementing a lower …
Using Biogeochemical Data Assimilation To Assess The Relative Skill Of Multiple Ecosystem Models In The Mid-Atlantic Bight: Effects Of Increasing The Complexity Of The Planktonic Food Web, Y. Xiao, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs
Using Biogeochemical Data Assimilation To Assess The Relative Skill Of Multiple Ecosystem Models In The Mid-Atlantic Bight: Effects Of Increasing The Complexity Of The Planktonic Food Web, Y. Xiao, Marjorie A.M. Friedrichs
VIMS Articles
Now that regional circulation patterns can be reasonably well reproduced by ocean circulation models, significant effort is being directed toward incorporating complex food webs into these models, many of which now routinely include multiple phytoplankton (P) and zooplankton (Z) compartments. This study quantitatively assesses how the number of phytoplankton and zooplankton compartments affects the ability of a lower-trophic-level ecosystem model to reproduce and predict observed patterns in surface chlorophyll and particulate organic carbon. Five ecosystem model variants are implemented in a one-dimensional assimilative (variational adjoint) model testbed in the Mid-Atlantic Bight. The five models are identical except for variations in …