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- Fisheries Science Peer-Reviewed Articles (14)
- Biological Sciences Peer-Reviewed Articles (10)
- Aquatic Health Sciences Peer-Reviewed Articles (4)
- Physical Sciences Peer-Reviewed Articles (4)
- Advection Transport Algorithm; Submerged Aquatic Vegetation; Callinectes-sapidus Rathbun; Tidal Marsh Creek (1)
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- Bacterioplankton; estuary; environmental controls; spatial patterns; temporal patterns (1)
- Beryx (1)
- Blue crab; megalopae; first juvenile instar; habitat selection; Zostera marina; Crassostrea virginica; sand; mud (1)
- Callinectes-sapidus Rathbun; Bivalve Macoma-balthica; Density-Dependent Predation; Lower Chesapeake Bay; (1)
- Callinectes-sapidus Rathbun; Postsettlement Mortality; Recruitment Limitation; Mark-Recapture; Chesapeake-Bay (1)
- Chesapeake Bay; Virginia Rivers; Potomac Estuary; Oyster Reefs (1)
- Crassostrea Virginica; Estuary; Larvae; Ostrea Equestris; Pediveliger; Plankton; Teredinidae (1)
- Deep-sea fishing (1)
- Dinoflagellate Hematodinium-perezi; Red King Crab; Parasitic Dinoflagellate; Shell Disease (1)
- Dynamics (1)
- Fluid mud; wave-supported gravity flows; critical Richardson number; STRATAFORM; Eel River continental margin (1)
- Haemolymph Protein Concentrations; Lobster Nephrops-norvegicus (1)
- Hypoxia; dissolved oxygen; Callinectes sapidus; blue crab; Macoma balthica; Baltic clam; predator-prey; Chesapeake Bay; benthos (1)
- Lagoon; nitrogen; macroalgae; benthic; microalgae; nitrification; denitrification; mineralization (1)
- Largemouth Bass; Lake Trout; Growth; Consumption; Temperature; Population (1)
- Marine invertebrate larvae (1)
- Nursery role; seagrass meadows; meta-analysis (1)
- Population dynamics (1)
- Recruitment (1)
- Restoration ecology; research needs; ecosystem services; secondary production; scaling restoration projects; conceptual challenges (1)
- Seamounts (1)
- Seeds; germination; seedling establishment; Zostera marina; Chesapeake bay (1)
- Transport (1)
- Turbulence; suspended sediment; inertial dissipation method; eddy diffusivity (1)
- Venerupis (Tapes) Philippinarum; Juvenile Clam Infection; Perkinsus Sp.; Dna Probe; In Situ Hybridization (1)
Articles 1 - 30 of 30
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Biodiversity Of Bear Seamount, New England Seamount Chain: Results Of Exploratory Trawling, Ja Moore, M Vecchione, R Gibbons, Jk Galbraith, M Turnipseed, M Southworth, E Watkins
Biodiversity Of Bear Seamount, New England Seamount Chain: Results Of Exploratory Trawling, Ja Moore, M Vecchione, R Gibbons, Jk Galbraith, M Turnipseed, M Southworth, E Watkins
VIMS Articles
Bear Seamount (39°55′N 67°30′W) is an extinct undersea volcano located inside the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone south of Georges Bank. The fauna associated with the seamount was little known until twenty trawl stations were made 2-7 December 2000, by the NOAA ship R/V Delaware II. The objective of the survey was to begin to document the biodiversity on and over the seamount, particularly of fishes, cephalopods, and crustaceans. Representatives of most species were preserved as vouchers and for subsequent definitive identification. This report presents a description of the biodiversity. A total of at least 274 species were collected. Preliminary identifications …
Grazing And Colony Size Development In Phaeocystis Globosa (Prymnesiophyceae): The Role Of A Chemical Signal, K Tang
VIMS Articles
The bloom-forming prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis globosa forms hollow, spherical, mucilaginous colonies that vary from micrometres to millimetres in size. A recent paper gave the first empirical evidence that colony size increase in P. globosa is a defensive response against grazers, and knowing the signalling mechanism(s) behind this response will thus be a key to understanding the trophodynamics in systems dominated by this species. I conducted experiments with specially designed diffusion incubators, each of which consists of a non-grazing chamber (with P. globosa only) and a grazing chamber (grazers + phytoplankton) connected by 2 mum polycarbonate membrane filters. The results showed that …
Influence Of Habitat On Diet And Distribution Of Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis) In A Temperate Estuary, Jm Harding, Roger L. Mann
Influence Of Habitat On Diet And Distribution Of Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis) In A Temperate Estuary, Jm Harding, Roger L. Mann
VIMS Articles
Striped bass (Morone saxatilis) are recreationally and commercially valuable finfish along the Atlantic seaboard of North America including the Chesapeake Bay estuary. Habitat use patterns for striped bass in relation to biogenic habitat types in Chesapeake Bay tributaries are poorly described although it is widely acknowledged that these piscivorous fishes use estuarine habitat for nursery and feeding grounds during development. Striped bass diet and distribution patterns were examined in relation to a gradient of biogenic habitats ranging from complex three-dimensional oyster reef through flat oyster bar to sand bottom habitat in the Piankatank River, Virginia. Striped bass were more abundant …
Observations On The Distribution Of Meroplankton During An Upwelling Event, Al Shanks, J Largier, J Brubaker
Observations On The Distribution Of Meroplankton During An Upwelling Event, Al Shanks, J Largier, J Brubaker
VIMS Articles
The distribution of the larvae of benthic invertebrates was investigated relative to hydrographic structures as a test of the hypothesi's that larvae behave as if they are passive particles. Observations of larval and oceanographic distributions were made off Duck, North Carolina, USA in August 1994. Conditions were characterized by wind-driven coastal upwelling;flow was generally offshore near the surface and onshore below the pycnocline. Within 5 km of the shore the pycnocline was bent upward by the upwelling and it intersected the surface along most of the transects. In zooplankton samples, 20 taxa of larvae were counted (10 bivalve veligers, nine …
Dissolved Organic Nitrogen: A Dynamic Participant In Aquatic Ecosystems, T Berman, Da Bronk
Dissolved Organic Nitrogen: A Dynamic Participant In Aquatic Ecosystems, T Berman, Da Bronk
VIMS Articles
In both marine and freshwaters, the concentration of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) frequently exceeds that of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), including ammonium, nitrate, and nitrite. Recent evidence indicates that many organic N compounds are released into the DON pool and taken up from this pool by planktonic microbiota on timescales of hours to days. This observation suggests that many components of the DON pool can play an active role in supplying N nutrition directly or indirectly to phytoplankton and bacteria and, in so doing, may affect the species composition of the ambient microbial assemblage. Here we present an overview of …
Spatial Dynamics And Value Of A Marine Protected Area And Corridor For The Blue Crab Spawning Stock In Chesapeake Bay, Rom Lipcius, Wt Stockhausen, Rochelle D. Seitz, Pj Geer
Spatial Dynamics And Value Of A Marine Protected Area And Corridor For The Blue Crab Spawning Stock In Chesapeake Bay, Rom Lipcius, Wt Stockhausen, Rochelle D. Seitz, Pj Geer
VIMS Articles
In lower Chesapeake Bay, a 172,235 ha marine protected area and corridor (MPAC) was recently established to protect blue crab adult females either en route to or at the spawning grounds during the reproductive period. The MPAC was justified due to a recent substantial decline in spawning stock biomass. It was situated in waters deeper than 10 in throughout the lower bay due to the high abundances of adult females in this zone, and it was an expansion of a historical spawning sanctuary near the bay mouth to include northward extensions (upper and lower MPACs). We examined spatial dynamics of …
Research Priorities For Diseases Of The Blue Crab Callinectes Sapidus, Jeffrey D. Shields
Research Priorities For Diseases Of The Blue Crab Callinectes Sapidus, Jeffrey D. Shields
VIMS Articles
The diseases of blue crabs have received relatively little attention compared to those of the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica, or the penaeid shrimps, Penaeus spp. This is primarily due to differences in resource management (fishery vs. aquaculture), and the magnitude of financial losses suffered by the industries from protozoal diseases in oysters and viral diseases in shrimp, respectively. Nonetheless, several agents including Vibrio spp., Hematodinium perezi, Paramoeba perniciosa, Ameson michaelis and Loxothylacus texanus are highly pathogenic in blue crabs, and have the capacity to severely damage certain segments of the crab population. This paper is meant to highlight priorities for …
Partitioning Loss Rates Of Early Juvenile Blue Crabs From Seagrass Habitats Into Mortality And Emigration, Ll Etherington, Db Eggleston, Wt Stockhausen
Partitioning Loss Rates Of Early Juvenile Blue Crabs From Seagrass Habitats Into Mortality And Emigration, Ll Etherington, Db Eggleston, Wt Stockhausen
VIMS Articles
Determining how post-settlement processes modify patterns of settlement is vital in understanding the spatial and temporal patterns of recruitment variability of species with open populations. Generally, either single components of post-settlement loss (mortality or emigration) are examined at a time, or else the total loss is examined without discrimination of mortality and emigration components. The role of mortality in the loss of early juvenile blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, has been addressed in a few studies; however, the relative contribution of emigration has received little attention. We conducted mark-recapture experiments to examine the relative contribution of mortality and emigration to total …
Potential Bottom-Up Control Of Blue Crab Distribution At Various Spatial Scales, Rochelle D. Seitz, R. Lipcius, Wt Stockhausen, Et Al
Potential Bottom-Up Control Of Blue Crab Distribution At Various Spatial Scales, Rochelle D. Seitz, R. Lipcius, Wt Stockhausen, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Top-down (i.e., predation), bottom-up (i.e., food availability), and physical factors may influence blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) distribution. To assess the role of bottom-up and physical process in blue crab distributions, we concurrently measured density of the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus), density of its principal prey, the Baltic clam (Macoma balthica), and physical characteristics in mud and sand habitats spanning various spatial scales (1-10 km and 10-50 km) in the York River, Chesapeake Bay. Clam and crab densities were intermediate in mud, low in downriver sand, and high in upriver sand. Clam and crab densities were not correlated in mud. whereas …
Simulated Effects Of Seagrass Loss And Restoration On Settlement And Recruitment Of Blue Crab Postlarvae And Juveniles In The York River, Chesapeake Bay, Wt Stockhausen, Rom Lipcius
Simulated Effects Of Seagrass Loss And Restoration On Settlement And Recruitment Of Blue Crab Postlarvae And Juveniles In The York River, Chesapeake Bay, Wt Stockhausen, Rom Lipcius
VIMS Articles
Seagrass meadows provide important settlement habitat, food and refuge for postlarvae and young juveniles of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus. In the York River, Chesapeake Bay, area] cover and distribution of seagrass beds has declined historically. Beds which existed 12-25 km upriver from the mouth disappeared and have not recovered. A model for planktonic postlarval behavior, coupled with a 3-dimensional hydrodynamic transport model for the York River, was used to investigate potential effects of the decline in seagrass abundance, and hypothetical restoration, on blue crab settlement and recruitment to the benthos, both in seagrass and to unvegetated bottom. Effects of …
Evidence For Sperm Limitation In The Blue Crab, Callinectes Sapidus, Ah Hines, Pr Jivoff, Pj Bushmann, J Van Montfrans, Et Al
Evidence For Sperm Limitation In The Blue Crab, Callinectes Sapidus, Ah Hines, Pr Jivoff, Pj Bushmann, J Van Montfrans, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Reproductive success of female blue crabs may be limited by the amount of sperm received during the female's single, lifetime mating. Sperm must be stored in seminal receptacles until eggs are produced and fertilized months to years after mating. Further, intense fishing pressure impacts male abundance, male size and population sex ratio, which affect ejaculate quantity. We measured temporal variation in seminal receptacle contents in relation to brood production for two stocks differing in both fishing pressure on males and latitudinal effects on reproductive season: Chesapeake Bay, Maryland and Virginia, experienced intensive fishing and relatively short reproductive season; and the …
Trophic Uptake And Transfer Of Dmsp In Simple Planktonic Food Chains, Kw Tang, R Simo
Trophic Uptake And Transfer Of Dmsp In Simple Planktonic Food Chains, Kw Tang, R Simo
VIMS Articles
Recent field studies suggest that a large portion of phytoplankton-DMSP could be lost to grazing by protozoans, but the fate of the grazed DMSP remains uncertain. In the laboratory we studied trophic uptake and transfer of phytoplankton-DMSP through simple planktonic food chains using 2 experimental approaches: (1) A direct approach measured the ingestion and retention of phytoplankton-DMSP by the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Gyrodinium dominans. Overall, DMSP content of G. dominans estimated by the direct approach was highly variable, likely because of the low G. dominans biomass relative to phytoplankton in the samples. (2) An indirect approach, in which the omnivorous copepod …
Abundance And Exploitation Rate Of The Blue Crab (Callinectes Sapidus) In Chesapeake Bay, Af Sharov, Jh Volstad, Gr Davis, Bk Davis, Rom Lipcius, Mm Montane
Abundance And Exploitation Rate Of The Blue Crab (Callinectes Sapidus) In Chesapeake Bay, Af Sharov, Jh Volstad, Gr Davis, Bk Davis, Rom Lipcius, Mm Montane
VIMS Articles
We estimated absolute abundance of the blue crab stock in Chesapeake Bay during winter from stratified random surveys conducted baywide from 1990 to 1999, using the swept-area method. We estimated catching efficiency of the survey gear from multiple depletion experiments to correct for temporal and vessel/area differences in catchability. The survey was conducted during the winter, when crabs are dormant and "buried" in the bottom. Analysis of crab carapace width (CW) frequency distributions revealed two size modes: CW less or equal 60 mm and CW greater than 60 mm, corresponding to age-0 (recruits) and age-1+ (one year and older), respectively. …
Aspects Of The Pathophysiology Of Blue Crabs, Callinectes Sapidus, Infected With The Parasitic Dinoflagellate Hematodinium Perezi, Jeffrey D. Shields, C Scanlon, A Volety
Aspects Of The Pathophysiology Of Blue Crabs, Callinectes Sapidus, Infected With The Parasitic Dinoflagellate Hematodinium Perezi, Jeffrey D. Shields, C Scanlon, A Volety
VIMS Articles
Blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, infected with Hematodinium perezi frequently show signs of weakness and lethargy and die when stressed by handling or capture. Radical changes to the hemolymph of heavily infected crabs are obvious by reduced clotting ability, discoloration. and a 50% to 70% decline in total hemocyte density. Few other signs of infection are associated with infections and the resulting mortalities of blue crabs. To assay physiological changes in infected crabs, we measured serum proteins, hemocyanin, serum acid phosphatase, various hemolymph enzymes, hernagglutination activity, and tissue glycogen levels in relation to intensity of infection with H. perezi. Serum proteins …
Bioenergetic Modeling Of The Blue Crab (Callinectes Sapidus) Using The Fish Bioenergetics (3.0) Computer Program, Bj Brylawski, Tj Miller
Bioenergetic Modeling Of The Blue Crab (Callinectes Sapidus) Using The Fish Bioenergetics (3.0) Computer Program, Bj Brylawski, Tj Miller
VIMS Articles
To understand better the ecology and growth dynamics of the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus). we developed a bioenergetic model based upon the Fish Bioenergetics 3.0 computer program. We summarized and analyzed existing data from published studies on the ecology and physiology of both blue crab and closely related species to parameterize the model. The respiration and excretion components were estimated directly from published studies. Parts of the consumption component were estimated indirectly. The resulting model was evaluated for applicability against known growth trajectories from field and laboratory studies. The model predicted observed growth and consumption to a first approximation. Inspection …
Mycobacterium Shottsii Sp Nov., A Slowly Growing Species Isolated From Chesapeake Bay Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis), Mw Rhodes, H Kator, S Kotob, P Van Berkum, I Kaattari, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein, Et Al
Mycobacterium Shottsii Sp Nov., A Slowly Growing Species Isolated From Chesapeake Bay Striped Bass (Morone Saxatilis), Mw Rhodes, H Kator, S Kotob, P Van Berkum, I Kaattari, Wolfgang K. Vogelbein, Et Al
VIMS Articles
Slowly growing, non-pigmented mycobacteria were isolated from striped bass (Morone saxatilis) during an epizootic of mycobacteriosis in the Chesapeake Bay. Growth characteristics, acid-fastness and results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing were consistent with those of the genus Mycobacterium. A unique profile of biochemical reactions was observed among the 21 isolates. A single cluster of eight peaks identified by analysis of mycolic acids (HPLC) resembled those of reference patterns but differed in peak elution times from profiles of reference species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. One isolate (M175(T)) was placed within the slowly growing mycobacteria by analysis of aligned 16S rRNA …
Bacterioplankton Dynamics In The York River Estuary: Primary Influence Of Temperature And Freshwater Inputs, G. E. Schultz, E. D. White, H. W. Ducklow
Bacterioplankton Dynamics In The York River Estuary: Primary Influence Of Temperature And Freshwater Inputs, G. E. Schultz, E. D. White, H. W. Ducklow
VIMS Articles
Bacterial community dynamics were investigated over seasonal and basin scales within the York River estuary, Virginia. Variables describing bacterioplankton dynamics were measured at 6 stations spanning the entire salinity gradient (0 to ca. 20 psu over 60 km). Samples were collected monthly from June 1996 through May 1997 and every other month from June 1997 through May 1998. Bacterial abundance and production were high throughout the estuary. Bacterial abundance ranged from 4.4 x 10(8) to 1.3 x 10(10) cells l(-1). Incorporation of (3)H-thymidine ranged from 10 to 863 pmol(-1) h(-1) while (3)H-leucine incorporation rates ranged from 25 to 1963 pmol …
A Review Of Published Work On Crassostrea Ariakensis, Mf Zhou, Standish K. Allen Jr.
A Review Of Published Work On Crassostrea Ariakensis, Mf Zhou, Standish K. Allen Jr.
VIMS Articles
No abstract provided.
Critical Evaluation Of The Nursery Role Hypothesis For Seagrass Meadows, Kl Heck, G Hays, R J. Orth
Critical Evaluation Of The Nursery Role Hypothesis For Seagrass Meadows, Kl Heck, G Hays, R J. Orth
VIMS Articles
The vast majority of published papers concerning seagrass meadows contain statements to the effect that seagrass beds serve as important nurseries for many species. We reviewed more than 200 papers that were relevant to the nursery role hypothesis. We used both vote counting and meta-analytic techniques to evaluate whether the body of previous studies that report seagrass meadows to be nursery grounds actually contain data that support this proposition. We restricted our analyses to papers that compared seagrass beds to other habitats, and examined data on a variety of well-studied species concerning their density, growth, survival and migration to adult …
Seed-Density Effects On Germination And Initial Seedling Establishment In Eelgrass Zostera Marina In The Chesapeake Bay Region, R J. Orth, Jr Fishman, Mc Harwell, Sr Marion
Seed-Density Effects On Germination And Initial Seedling Establishment In Eelgrass Zostera Marina In The Chesapeake Bay Region, R J. Orth, Jr Fishman, Mc Harwell, Sr Marion
VIMS Articles
The influence of Zostera marina L. seed-density on germination and initial seedling success was investigated using seed-addition field experiments at 2 scales in the Chesapeake Bay region in 1999 and 2000. We first tested whether germination rates and initial seedling establishment were affected by initial seed-densities of 2.5, 25, 250, and 1250 seeds m(-2) within 4 m(2) plots. We then tested whether plot size affects germination rates, following the hypothesis that rates of seed predation might be different in large and small plots. We broadcast seeds at a single density (500 seeds m(-2)) but at a much larger plot size …
Microbial Mediation Of 'Reactive' Nitrogen Transformations In A Temperate Lagoon, Iris C. Anderson, Kj Mcglathery, Ac Tyler
Microbial Mediation Of 'Reactive' Nitrogen Transformations In A Temperate Lagoon, Iris C. Anderson, Kj Mcglathery, Ac Tyler
VIMS Articles
Coastal lagoons positioned along the land margin may play an important role in removing or transforming 'reactive' nitrogen during its transport from land to the ocean. Hog Island Bay is a shallow, coastal lagoon located on the ocean-side of the Delmarva Peninsula in Virginia (USA). External nitrogen inputs are derived primarily from agriculturally enriched groundwater, and these support, in part, the high production of benthic macroalgae and microalgae as the dominant primary producers. This study focuses on processes in the water column (phytoplankton and bacterial) and in the sediments (microalgal and bacterial) responsible for transformations of dissolved inorganic and organic …
Numerical Modeling Of Gravity-Driven Sediment Transport And Deposition On An Energetic Continental Shelf: Eel River, Northern California, M. Scully, Carl T. Friedrichs, L. D. Wright
Numerical Modeling Of Gravity-Driven Sediment Transport And Deposition On An Energetic Continental Shelf: Eel River, Northern California, M. Scully, Carl T. Friedrichs, L. D. Wright
VIMS Articles
A two-dimensional numerical model was applied to predict large-scale deposition by wave-supported sediment gravity flows on the Eel River continental shelf for four consecutive flood seasons using measured bathymetry, waves and river forcing. The model assumes that sediment-induced stratification maintains the near-bed Richardson number at its critical value, which determines the sediment carrying capacity of the wave boundary layer. Deposition is predicted when the gravity-driven flux of sediment exceeds the carrying capacity. The model predicted 26% of fine sediment discharged by the Eel River to be deposited on the midshelf with a magnitude and distribution largely consistent with field observations. …
Validation Of Presumed Annual Marks On Sectioned Otoliths Of Spotted Seatrout, Cynoscion Nebulosus, In The Chesapeake Bay Region, Tf Idhe, Me Chittenden
Validation Of Presumed Annual Marks On Sectioned Otoliths Of Spotted Seatrout, Cynoscion Nebulosus, In The Chesapeake Bay Region, Tf Idhe, Me Chittenden
VIMS Articles
Annual otolith incremnet deposition has not been validated for spotted seatrout populations north of Florida. To validate the marks on sectioned otoliths of Chesapeake Bay spotted seatrout, a size-stratified subsample (n = 683) was randomly selected from a total of 2763 fish collected from June 1996 to March 1999. Monthly marginal increment frequency plots and monthly frequency of 0 marginal increment plots showed that presumed annual marks-interpreted as the distal edge of the translucent margin-formed once a year, during March and April, thus validating the sectioned otolith method in spotted seatrout of ages 1-5 for the Chesapeake Bay region.
Visual Acuity Of Juvenile Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta Caretta): A Behavioral Approach, Soraya M. Bartol, Roger K. Mellgren, John A. Musick
Visual Acuity Of Juvenile Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta Caretta): A Behavioral Approach, Soraya M. Bartol, Roger K. Mellgren, John A. Musick
VIMS Articles
Studies focusing on the visual cues sea turtles use to orient between the nesting site and the sea indicate that sea turtles use diffuse images for orientation and are highly myopic on land. The visual environment encountered by sea turtles, however, is very different in water than on land. In this study, operant conditioning techniques were used to explore the visual acuity of juvenile loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in the marine environment. Turtles were trained, in a tank setting, to distinguish between a 45 mm striped panel and 50% gray panel by using squid as a food reward. Though …
Perkinsus Sp Infection Risk For Manila Clams, Venerupis Philippinarum (A. Adams And Reeve, 1850) On The Pacific Coast Of North And Central America, Ra Elston, Cf Dungan, Tr Meyers, Kimberly S. Reece
Perkinsus Sp Infection Risk For Manila Clams, Venerupis Philippinarum (A. Adams And Reeve, 1850) On The Pacific Coast Of North And Central America, Ra Elston, Cf Dungan, Tr Meyers, Kimberly S. Reece
VIMS Articles
Manila clams (Venerupis philippinarum, A. Adams and Reeve 1850) are an important aquaculture species on the west coast of North America and are also cultured in Europe, Asia, and other locations. Clams cultured on the west coast of North America are free of Perkinsus sp. infections, while clams from certain Asian and European sources are infected. Infection in Korean Manila clams is reportedly associated with high morbidity and mortality. We evaluated the health status of readily accessible Manila clam juveniles from Korea that were proposed for importation into Mexican waters where they would increase in size, and then be shipped …
Two Species Of Oyster Larvae Show Different Depth Distributions In A Shallow, Well-Mixed Estuary, P Baker
Two Species Of Oyster Larvae Show Different Depth Distributions In A Shallow, Well-Mixed Estuary, P Baker
VIMS Articles
The vertical distribution of late stage, or pediveliger, larvae of several bivalve mollusks was examined in a west Florida estuary. The study site was an artificial canal, and the water was shallow (1.5 in) and well mixed, with only modest currents. Pediveligers of three bivalve taxa were collected: the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica; the crested oyster Ostrea equestris; and unidentified shipworms (Teredinidae). Despite the shallow and well-mixed water column, larvae exhibited vertical zonation, with most larvae of all three species collected from lower in the water column. The larvae of C. virginica and shipworms showed no significant effect of time …
Spectral Estimates Of Bed Shear Stress Using Suspended-Sediment Concentrations In A Wave-Current Boundary Layer, Guan-Hong Lee, W. Brian Dade, Carl T. Friedrichs, Chris E. Vincent
Spectral Estimates Of Bed Shear Stress Using Suspended-Sediment Concentrations In A Wave-Current Boundary Layer, Guan-Hong Lee, W. Brian Dade, Carl T. Friedrichs, Chris E. Vincent
VIMS Articles
High-resolution time series of suspended-sediment profiles have been obtained using an acoustic backscatter system at an inner shelf site (North Carolina) where flows are dominated by wind-driven currents and waves. We analyzed the spatial and temporal structure of near-bed turbulence in particle-transporting flows and scalar-like fluctuations of suspended-sediment concentrations. An important element of our analysis is a new inertial dissipation method for passive tracers to estimate the shear stress acting on the seabed, using the spectral properties of suspended sediment concentrations observed by acoustic backscatter sensors. In flows that provide adequate separation of the scales of turbulence production and dissipation, …
Conceptual Progress Towards Predicting Quantitative Ecosystem Benefits Of Ecological Restorations, Ch Peterson, Rom Lipcius
Conceptual Progress Towards Predicting Quantitative Ecosystem Benefits Of Ecological Restorations, Ch Peterson, Rom Lipcius
VIMS Articles
Satisfying the needs of mitigation for losses of habitat and biological resources demands further development of ecological theory to improve quantitative predictions of benefits of ecological restoration projects. Several limitations now exist in scaling compensatory restoration to match losses of ecosystem services. Scaling of restoration projects has historically been done by area of habitat, assuming that function follows. One recent development in compensatory mitigation uses a currency of secondary production, which has the important merit of specifying one measurable, functional goal against which to judge success. Future development of the fundamental basis for restoration ecology might profitably include: (1) identifying …
Substrate Selection By Blue Crab Callinectes Sapidus Megalopae And First Juvenile Instars, J Van Montfrans, Ch Ryer, R J. Orth
Substrate Selection By Blue Crab Callinectes Sapidus Megalopae And First Juvenile Instars, J Van Montfrans, Ch Ryer, R J. Orth
VIMS Articles
Various marine and estuarine species utilize chemical cues during settlement. We investigated responses by megalopae and first juvenile (J1) blue crabs to common Chesapeake Bay substrates in mesocosm and field experiments. Mesocosm trials examined responses of megalopae or J1 crabs to sand, marsh mud, live oysters Crassostrea virginica, sun-bleached oyster shell, eel grass Zostera marina and artificial seagrass in replicate 160 l tanks. Either 10 megalopae or J1 crabs isolated in each of 6 substrates were allowed total access after acclimation to test the null hypothesis of equal distribution among substrates after 13 h. Thirty-five percent of megalopae were recovered …
Effects Of Hypoxia On Predator-Prey Dynamics Of The Blue Crab Callinectes Sapidus And The Baltic Clam Macoma Balthica In Chesapeake Bay, Rochelle D. Seitz, Ls Marshall, Ah Hines, Kl Clark
Effects Of Hypoxia On Predator-Prey Dynamics Of The Blue Crab Callinectes Sapidus And The Baltic Clam Macoma Balthica In Chesapeake Bay, Rochelle D. Seitz, Ls Marshall, Ah Hines, Kl Clark
VIMS Articles
In general, hypoxia (< 2 mg O-2 l(-1)) is detrimental to marine food webs because of faunal declines associated with persistent, severely low oxygen. However, transfer of benthic production to higher trophic levels could be facilitated under hypoxia if infauna migrate to shallower burial depths, increasing their availability to predators. A series of outdoor mesocosm and laboratory experiments were conducted in 3 years (1999 to 200 1) to quantify the effects of hypoxia upon (1) predation by the blue crab Callinectes sapidus on the Baltic clam Macoma balthica, a biomass dominant in Chesapeake Bay, and (2) burial depth and survival of M, balthica. For the predation experiments, 12 M. balthica were transplanted into replicate 1200 1 mesocosms at 48 clams m(-2) under normoxia (>8 mg O-2 l(-1)) or low dissolved oxygen (low DO; l(-1)) either without or with a male blue crab that was allowed 2 d to feed upon the clams. Predation-induced proportional mortality of clams was significantly lower under low DO than under normoxia in all 3 years. Thus, under short-term hypoxia, both crab feeding efficiency and trophic transfer from M balthica to blue crabs were reduced. Changes in clam burial depth due to oxygen levels was determined by establishing normoxic and low DO treatments in replicate 208 1 aquaria in 2 years. Burial depth after exposure …