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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Fuel Loads, Fire Severity, And Tree Mortality In Florida Keys Pine Forests, Jay Sah, Mike S. Ross, Danielle Ogarcak, Jim R. Snyder
Fuel Loads, Fire Severity, And Tree Mortality In Florida Keys Pine Forests, Jay Sah, Mike S. Ross, Danielle Ogarcak, Jim R. Snyder
North American Forest Ecology Workshop
In fire dependent forested ecosystems, fire managers are greatly interested in predicting the consequences of their management-oriented prescribed burnings on post-fire tree mortality. While fire intensity is believed to be a strong predictor of tree mortality, fire behavior itself largely depends on fuel characteristics, including both their structure and spatial distribution. We examined the type and distribution of fuels, their effects on fire behavior, and the effects of fire on tree mortality in slash pine forests in the Florida Keys. We conducted a burning experiment in six blocks, and burned eleven plots, three in winter and eight in summer, over …
Overstory Dynamics In An Uncut Pine-Hardwood Stand: Lessons From Seventy Years Of Passive Management, Don Bragg, Michael G. Shelton
Overstory Dynamics In An Uncut Pine-Hardwood Stand: Lessons From Seventy Years Of Passive Management, Don Bragg, Michael G. Shelton
North American Forest Ecology Workshop
Long-term demonstration projects on experimental forests can be adapted from their original goals to provide insights into contemporary research questions. For instance, a 32.4-hectare cutover parcel on the Crossett Experimental Forest, the eventual Reynolds Research Natural Area (RRNA), was reserved in 1936 to act as a control for more intensively managed study areas. Over the last 70+ years, the RRNA has been allow to develop under 'natural' conditions that include no harvesting or other human interventions-with the notable exception of fire control. From 1937 until the most recent measurement in 2007, overall stand basal increased from about 20 to 36 …
What Drives Decomposition Rates Of Coarse Woody Debris (Cwd)?, Steffen Herrmann, Jurgen Bauhus
What Drives Decomposition Rates Of Coarse Woody Debris (Cwd)?, Steffen Herrmann, Jurgen Bauhus
North American Forest Ecology Workshop
Currently increasing efforts are made to manage CWD as a habitat component and a carbon store in forest ecosystems. For this a basic understanding of patterns and rates of dead wood decomposition in different forests is crucial. The decomposition rate of CWD is mainly dependent on climatic (wood temperature, wood moisture) and substrate specific (tree species, decay stage, diameter) variables. Here, we analysed the influence of these factors using a combined approach. 1) We assessed the decay rate of Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris in three diameter classes (10-20 cm, 20-40 cm, >40 cm) along a climatic/altitudinal gradient …
Seed Release In Lodgepole Pine Forests After Mountain Pine Beetle Outbreak, Francios Teste, Vic J. Lieffers, Simon M. Landhausser
Seed Release In Lodgepole Pine Forests After Mountain Pine Beetle Outbreak, Francios Teste, Vic J. Lieffers, Simon M. Landhausser
North American Forest Ecology Workshop
Serotinous lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) usually regenerates after fire or harvesting provided conditions that are warm enough to open the cones. There are concerns that large-scale stand mortality due to mountain pine beetle (MPB) outbreak could greatly reduce natural regeneration of lodgepole pine because the closed cones are held in place in the tree canopy without any seed release. We selected 15 stands (five gray-attacked, five red-attacked, and five green) in the Sub-Boreal Spruce biogeoclimatic zone of British Columbia to determine loss of canopy seed via breakage of twig-bearing cones and cone opening (i.e., loss of serotiny) throughout …
Potential Effects Of Climate Change On Mixed Severity Fire Regimes, Jessica Halofsky, Dave L. Peterson
Potential Effects Of Climate Change On Mixed Severity Fire Regimes, Jessica Halofsky, Dave L. Peterson
North American Forest Ecology Workshop
The frequency, severity, and extent of wildfire are strongly related to climate, and increasing temperatures with climate change will likely lead to changes in fire regimes in many types of ecosystems. Increased spring and summer temperatures with climate change will result in relatively early snowmelt, lower summer soil and fuel moisture, and longer fire seasons in the West. These conditions will lead to increased fire frequency and extent. Higher temperatures may also interact with vegetation and fuel characteristics to increase fire intensity and severity. Mixed severity fire regimes may be uniquely influenced by these climate-induced changes in the frequency, extent, …
Assessment Of Prescribed Burning Effects In Paludified Black Spruce Forests In Ontario’S Clay Belt Region, Sebastien Renard, Sylvie Gauthier, Nicole Fenton, Yves Bergeron, David Pare
Assessment Of Prescribed Burning Effects In Paludified Black Spruce Forests In Ontario’S Clay Belt Region, Sebastien Renard, Sylvie Gauthier, Nicole Fenton, Yves Bergeron, David Pare
North American Forest Ecology Workshop
Paludification, the accumulation of poorly decomposed organic matter principally originating from Sphagnum, transforms black spruce forests to forested peatlands in the prolonged absence of fire. High-severity wildfires reverse this process by burning the organic matter layer and thus restart forest succession; in contrast low severity wildfires remove only the tree layer and do not reduce paludification. On the Ontario Clay Belt, a physiogeographic region prone to paludification due to its cold climate and poor drainage, current forest harvest practices (Careful Logging Around Advanced Growth; CLAAG) mimic low severity fires by removing trees but lacking forest floor and soil disturbances caused …
An Integrated Study Investigating Masticated Fuel Treatments In The Rocky Mountains, Robert Keane, Helen Y. Smith
An Integrated Study Investigating Masticated Fuel Treatments In The Rocky Mountains, Robert Keane, Helen Y. Smith
North American Forest Ecology Workshop
Many coniferous forests in the western US once supported frequent, low intensity fires, but due to a century of fire exclusion and other factors, severe wildfires have now become common. With the goal of lowering fire intensities and severities, one possible fuel treatment that is currently gaining favor in with many land managers is mastication which breaks, shreds, or grinds canopy (seedlings, saplings and pole trees) and surface fuel (fine and coarse woody material) into smaller sizes and deposits the treated fuel on the ground. However, very little is known concerning the effects of this treatment on the resulting fire …
A Post-Fire Index For Describing Mixed Severity Outcomes After Wildfire, Theresa Jain, Russel T. Graham, David S. Pilliod, Leigh Lentile
A Post-Fire Index For Describing Mixed Severity Outcomes After Wildfire, Theresa Jain, Russel T. Graham, David S. Pilliod, Leigh Lentile
North American Forest Ecology Workshop
Kimmins (1997) argues that “words” and their correct usage are important and that the “careless use of language often causes confusion and misunderstanding and is a factor in many conflicts.” The public often lacks the technical knowledge to understand and interpret the use of inconsistent terminology and each discipline within resource science and management has developed their own definitions and application of specific terms. The fire community is no different. The only consistent component in the fire literature is the interchangeable use of the terms fire intensity, fire severity, and burn severity. Moreover, within each of these definitions, the terms …
Mechanical Mastication Showed Fewer Negative Above-And Belowground Impacts Than Slash Pile Burning, Suzanne Neal, Carolyn H. Sieg, Catherine A. Gehring, Matthew A. Bowker
Mechanical Mastication Showed Fewer Negative Above-And Belowground Impacts Than Slash Pile Burning, Suzanne Neal, Carolyn H. Sieg, Catherine A. Gehring, Matthew A. Bowker
North American Forest Ecology Workshop
Management designed to reduce wildfire risk must consider both above- and belowground factors in order to promote native plant growth and reduce soil erosion. This goal is challenging because current methods, such as tree thinning and burning the resulting slash, can create soil disturbances that favor exotic plants. We compared mechanical mastication to slash pile burning (both 6-months and 2.5-years post treatment) and untreated controls in pinyon-juniper (Pinus edulis-Juniperus osteosperma) woodland and measured soil properties, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and understory plant composition. Our results showed slash pile burns had severely degraded soil properties, low plant and AMF abundance and …
The Influence Of Mastication On Soils And Fuels In Moist And Dry Forests Of The Northern Rocky Mountains, Theresa Jain, Russel T. Graham
The Influence Of Mastication On Soils And Fuels In Moist And Dry Forests Of The Northern Rocky Mountains, Theresa Jain, Russel T. Graham
North American Forest Ecology Workshop
We evaluated the applicability of mastication as a fuel treatment alternative within Northern Rocky Mountain moist and dry forests to treat post-harvest activity slash (moist forest) and standing trees (dry forest). On the moist forest site, we compared four different slash treatments, mastication, machine grapple piling, lop and scatter, and a control within a wildland urban interface setting to determine the effects of these treatments on soil nutrition, forest floor depth, and woody debris distributions. We randomly assigned the slash treatments and controls to 12 one-acre plots. Nitrogen, soil carbon, and magnesium concentrations within the soil components were not significantly …
Aspen Mortality In The Intermountain West: What Forest Inventory And Analysis Plots Tell Us, Fred Baker, John D. Shaw
Aspen Mortality In The Intermountain West: What Forest Inventory And Analysis Plots Tell Us, Fred Baker, John D. Shaw
North American Forest Ecology Workshop
Reports of a long-term decline in area dominated by aspen forests, coupled with increased mortality attributed to long term drought, have lead to concerns of increased mortality in aspen forests. We examined data collected by USDA Forest Service Inventory and Analysis (FIA) to quantify aspen mortality. Most aspen stands in the Intermountain West are older than 80 years, a recommended rotation age for the best sites. Plot mortality rate was not related to site index or stand age. Many stands, however, have stem density greater than one would expect for self-thinning stands. At a given latitude, aspen plots with mortality …
Ecosystem Recovery Following A Mountain Pine Beetle Outbreak In Northern British Columbia: A Case Of Shifting Values, Craig Delong, Bennita Kaytor, Bruce J. Rogers
Ecosystem Recovery Following A Mountain Pine Beetle Outbreak In Northern British Columbia: A Case Of Shifting Values, Craig Delong, Bennita Kaytor, Bruce J. Rogers
North American Forest Ecology Workshop
The massive Mountain Pine Beetle (MPB) outbreak in northern British Columbia created a unique opportunity to examine ecosystem change over time in response to this disturbance. Prior to this outbreak, the dominant disturbance agents were wildfire and harvesting. A key question is how timber and habitat value will change over time in response to this disturbance and how this might be impacted by extensive clearcut salvage harvest. We have established 48 permanent sample plots in MPB impacted stands. Changes in stand structure, vegetation and functional wildlife habitat along with tree mortality and growth are being monitored. There has been almost …
Surface Fuel Loadings In Mulching Treatments In Colorado Coniferous Forests, Mike Battaglia, Chuck Rhoades, Monique E. Rocca, Michael G. Ryan
Surface Fuel Loadings In Mulching Treatments In Colorado Coniferous Forests, Mike Battaglia, Chuck Rhoades, Monique E. Rocca, Michael G. Ryan
North American Forest Ecology Workshop
Recent large-scale, severe wildfires in the western United States have prompted extensive fuel treatment programs to reduce potential wildfire size and severity. Often, unmerchantable material is mechanically masticated because removing the material is cost-prohibitive. Mastication treatments involve shredding, chopping, or chipping small trees and/or shrubs into small chunks and leaving the material on site. While it is obvious that mechanical treatments will increase surface fuel loads, few studies have addressed how treatments alter fuel particle size and quantity. We examined how mastication treatments alter the distribution of woody material size by comparing paired masticated and untreated sites in lodgepole pine …
Regeneration Dynamics In Mountain Pine Beetle-Disturbed Forests: Lessons From The Current And The 1978-82 Flathead Epidemics, Dave Coates
North American Forest Ecology Workshop
There are two dominant mechanisms for development of a new tree layer and subsequent canopy recruitment after major canopy mortality events. First, regeneration may develop from a pulse of new post-disturbance recruitment. Alternatively, regeneration can be from the existing seedling bank that survived the canopy mortality event. The timing and extent of post-disturbance recruitment from seed and the relative importance of the existing seedling bank is poorly understood in MPB-disturbed forests. The recruitment of post-MPB seedlings is a function of seed-source availability, seedbed substrate, overstory structure, and time since MPB attack. In the northern interior, post-MPB recruitment was sparse in …
Patterns Of Structural Response To Simulated Partial Harvesting Of Boreal Mixedwood Stands, Mark Vanderwel, John P. Caspersen, Jay R. Malcolm
Patterns Of Structural Response To Simulated Partial Harvesting Of Boreal Mixedwood Stands, Mark Vanderwel, John P. Caspersen, Jay R. Malcolm
North American Forest Ecology Workshop
Partial harvesting has been proposed as an approach for maintaining late-successional structure within managed boreal mixedwood stands. Although little long-term data is available to evaluate its effects in this stand type, recent advances in individual tree-based stand modeling provide an opportunity to simulate post-harvest stand development following different retention harvests. Using the stand dynamics model SORTIE-ND, we examined 40-year patterns of structural change in response to different intensities (30%, 50%, and 70% removal) and spatial patterns (uniform, small patch, large patch) of harvesting in aspen-dominated mixedwood stands. We assessed structural dynamics through a suite of variables representing the distribution of …
Stand Density In South Florida Tropical Forests: Implications For The Function And Management Of Everglades Tree Islands, M. Ross, P. L. Ruiz, J. P. Sah, L. Lopez, N. Colbert
Stand Density In South Florida Tropical Forests: Implications For The Function And Management Of Everglades Tree Islands, M. Ross, P. L. Ruiz, J. P. Sah, L. Lopez, N. Colbert
North American Forest Ecology Workshop
Within the continental US, the broadleaved forests of south Florida are exceptional in the abundance and diversity of tree species of tropical origin. Dry tropical forests are regionally most extensive in the upper Florida Keys, but are also represented on the mainland as fragments on limestone rocklands, and as “tree islands” embedded in the Everglades marsh. The exposed Everglades tree islands have a history of human use reaching back thousands of years, and are subject to frequent disturbance from tropical storms and hurricanes. They are sensitive to the hydrology of the surrounding marsh, which can lead to gradual changes in …
Long-Term Effects Of Alternative Group Selection Harvesting Designs On Stand Production, C. Halpin, C. G. Lorimer, J. J. Hanson, B. Palik
Long-Term Effects Of Alternative Group Selection Harvesting Designs On Stand Production, C. Halpin, C. G. Lorimer, J. J. Hanson, B. Palik
North American Forest Ecology Workshop
Interest in group selection harvesting has increased in recent years because of limitations associated with both clearcutting and single-tree selection. Field data have suggested that group selection openings can have higher production rates than single-tree gaps, but whether this translates into higher production rates at the stand level is not clear. We used CANOPY, a crown-based northern hardwoods model calibrated with data from uneven-aged and even-aged stands, to simulate sustainable harvest volumes of a number of different group selection approaches over 300 years, and also compared results with those from single-tree selection and clearcutting. When a combination of single-tree and …
Canopy Cover Prediction From Stand Density Attributes: Stocking, Crown Width, And Overlap Functions, Andrew Gray, Anne Mcintosh, Steve Garman
Canopy Cover Prediction From Stand Density Attributes: Stocking, Crown Width, And Overlap Functions, Andrew Gray, Anne Mcintosh, Steve Garman
North American Forest Ecology Workshop
The goals for a wide range of forest management objectives are often stated in terms of the amount and layering of canopy cover. However, measuring canopy cover is labor intensive and different techniques provide widely different estimates. Several approaches have been developed to predict cover from common tree or stand-level density attributes, with varying results. This study used line-intercept measured tree cover from 1,424 Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plots across Oregon to build predictive models from estimates of tree stocking, crown width, and other stand attributes (mean diameter, stand height, SDI, etc.). A variety of adjustments were applied to …
Influence Of Coarse Woody Material (Cwm) On Soil Microarthropods In Black Spruce-Feather Moss Forests Of Western Quebec, Enrique Doblas-Miranda, Timothy T. Work
Influence Of Coarse Woody Material (Cwm) On Soil Microarthropods In Black Spruce-Feather Moss Forests Of Western Quebec, Enrique Doblas-Miranda, Timothy T. Work
North American Forest Ecology Workshop
Increasing demands for biofuels have opened the possibility for an overall decrease in the amount of residual coarse woody material (CWM) in forests. While CWM is known to be an important resource for saproxylic species that reside within downed logs, the relative importance of CWM for organisms residing beneath, in the soil is poorly understood. In this context, CWM likely modifies conditions as well as nutrient levels for soil communities that lie beneath. The relative importance of CWM for underlying soil communities may be accentuated in the black-spruce clay-belt region of Western Québec where soil nutrients are extremely limited by …
Effects Of Regeneration Practices On The Growth In Loblolly Pine Plantations From The Perspective Of Hierarchy Theory, Thomas Dean, D.Andrew Scott, Gorden Holley
Effects Of Regeneration Practices On The Growth In Loblolly Pine Plantations From The Perspective Of Hierarchy Theory, Thomas Dean, D.Andrew Scott, Gorden Holley
North American Forest Ecology Workshop
The long-term effects of high-production harvesting and subsequent site-preparation practices are typically evaluated from a limiting resource perspective. Machines used in the harvesting compact the soil reducing aeration and uptake of water and nutrients. Moving the entire tree from the site removes organic matter and parts of the forest floor. Models translate these effects into direct consequences on tree growth and ultimately productivity. Trees response often conflicts with model predictions in many cases. Hierarchy theory does not require organisms to behave deterministically to account for behavior, but it does require a different approach. Our proposed talk will present an application …
Forest Ecosystem Dynamics In A Non-Linear World, Sybille Haeussler
Forest Ecosystem Dynamics In A Non-Linear World, Sybille Haeussler
North American Forest Ecology Workshop
Forest ecosystems across North America are under increasing stress from the accelerating pace of global change which involves simultaneous changes in resource availability (temperature, moisture, nutrients), disturbance regimes (fire, insects, diseases, extreme weather, logging, urbanization) and (3) species distributions (invasive organisms, threatened species). Interactions among the agents of global change can generate emergent or unexpected ecosystem behaviour. Complex systems science provides a strong theoretical foundation for understanding these factor interactions and provides many new mathematical and simulation modeling tools that can generate complex, non-linear behaviour and provide improved understanding of ecosystem response to global change. I present an updated version …
Seven-Year Results Of Testing Paper Mill Residual Sludge As A Soil Ameliorant Of Iron Mine Tailings, M. Bridgen
Seven-Year Results Of Testing Paper Mill Residual Sludge As A Soil Ameliorant Of Iron Mine Tailings, M. Bridgen
North American Forest Ecology Workshop
Paper mill residual solids, extracted from a settling pond in Newton Falls, NY, were tested for their efficacy as a site ameliorant. The test site was a twenty-five-year-old sand tailings, created by a former iron mining operation. Sludge was applied in trenches, as either 20% or 40% solids. Black locust, hybrid poplar, and willow seedlings were planted over the site to establish near forest-like vegetation. Seven years after establishment, overall survival is about 80%. The entrenched sludge provided increased soil moisture retention, deeper root development, increased nutrient availability and retention, and larger leaf sizes. Sludge applications resulted in greater above-ground …
Aspen Ecology In The United States: Recent Advances And Future Needs, Paul C. Rogers
Aspen Ecology In The United States: Recent Advances And Future Needs, Paul C. Rogers
North American Forest Ecology Workshop
This presentation (along with a similar Canadian perspective) will offer a context for subsequent papers in the Advances in North American Aspen Ecology session. Collectively, we hope to outline major areas of research in North America, especially as they relate to perceived management needs. There is a long and rich history of ecological research in aspen systems of the United States. Probably the most striking long-term change, from a managerial perspective, has been a shift toward biological benefits of aspen as opposed to past avoidance, or even active denudation, of these systems in favor of more commercial species. This talk …
How Best Should We Manage Hybrid Poplar Plantations? Interactions Of Site Preparation, Vegetation Control And Fertilization, Simon Bilodeau-Gauthier, David Pare, Christian Messier
How Best Should We Manage Hybrid Poplar Plantations? Interactions Of Site Preparation, Vegetation Control And Fertilization, Simon Bilodeau-Gauthier, David Pare, Christian Messier
North American Forest Ecology Workshop
The silviculture of hybrid poplars is a promising solution to reduce the pressure on natural forests while maintaining the wood supply to industries. However, hybrid poplars are sensitive to competing vegetation and to inadequate soil conditions and fertility. Possible management tools include mechanical site preparation (MSP), vegetation control, and fertilization. We present here the results after five years of growth for eight formerly forested sites (40 hectares total) on Podzols in the province of Quebec, Canada. The experimental design combines four MSP treatments (harrowing, scarifying, mounding, and no preparation) with four frequencies of plant competition control by brushing (from never …
Spatial Patterns In Forest Understories: Relationships To Overstory Thinning Intensity And Understory Plant Diversity, Paul Satterthwaite, Lisa M. Ganio, Klaus J. Puettmann
Spatial Patterns In Forest Understories: Relationships To Overstory Thinning Intensity And Understory Plant Diversity, Paul Satterthwaite, Lisa M. Ganio, Klaus J. Puettmann
North American Forest Ecology Workshop
Amount, spatial distribution, and species composition of understory plant communities have been shown to respond to changes in overstory structure. While response of the amount and composition of understory vegetation to thinning has been investigated in several ecosystems, spatial distributions have received less attention. We investigated spatial statistical techniques to examine associations of patch size of clonal shrubs and annual ruderals as they relate to overstory conditions after thinnings. We assessed the interpretation of empirical semivariograms in describing spatial pattern and whether semivariogram parameters can be useful when comparing impacts of different thinning regimes. We simulated vegetation patterns to test …
Landscape Assessment And Monitoring Of Mountain Pine Beetle Mortality In Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem Whitebark Pine, W.Wallace Macfarlane, B. Gordon, Jesse A. Logan, Louisa Willcox
Landscape Assessment And Monitoring Of Mountain Pine Beetle Mortality In Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem Whitebark Pine, W.Wallace Macfarlane, B. Gordon, Jesse A. Logan, Louisa Willcox
North American Forest Ecology Workshop
Since 2000, USDA Forest Service Aerial Detection Surveys (ADS) and ground-based surveys indicate mountain pine beetle (MPB) outbreaks have caused catastrophic loss of whitebark pine (WBP) in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE). However, the full extent of the damage is unknown because of limitations to the traditional survey methods. We describe a new method aimed at quickly and cost-effectively documenting landscape conditions. The method utilizes low-flying airplane overflights, Global Positioning System (GPS), and Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies along with digital photography to categorize MPB outbreaks based on a new landscape classification scheme. We conducted a pilot study consisting of …
Competitive Effects And Equivalence Of Woody And Herbaceous Vegetation In A Young Boreal Mixedwood Stand, Hongan Yan, Phil G. Comeau, D. G. Pitt
Competitive Effects And Equivalence Of Woody And Herbaceous Vegetation In A Young Boreal Mixedwood Stand, Hongan Yan, Phil G. Comeau, D. G. Pitt
North American Forest Ecology Workshop
Mixedwood stands of white spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) are the major forest type in the boreal forests of western Canada. They contribute significantly to Canada’s wood supply and play important ecological services. Bluejoint grass (Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Beauv.) is also a prominent component of boreal mixedwood ecosystems and can impede natural regeneration of white spruce and negatively affect the development of white spruce and aspen mixedwood stands. Several studies have shown that spruce growth declines with increasing aspen abundance. Hence, competition control is often required to achieve acceptable survival and growth of spruce. …
Overstory And Understory Vegetation Dynamics In Response To Thinning In Coniferous Stands In Western Oregon, Adrian Ares, Andrew R. Neill, Klaus J. Puttmann
Overstory And Understory Vegetation Dynamics In Response To Thinning In Coniferous Stands In Western Oregon, Adrian Ares, Andrew R. Neill, Klaus J. Puttmann
North American Forest Ecology Workshop
Thinning even-aged coniferous stands in the Pacific Northwest is aimed at accelerating development of late-successional features, while maintaining long-term forest productivity. We examined effects of thinning on overstory and understory vegetation 11 years after harvest in 40- to 60-year old forests dominated by Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) on three sites in western Oregon. Each site contained an unthinned control (238-1446 tpha) and three thinning treatments selected to enhance overstory structural diversity by decreasing densities, and enhance spatial variability within stands (high density = 120 tpha; moderate density = 80 tpha; variable thin with 120, 80 and 40 tpha with …
Whitebark Pine As A Foundation And Keystone Species: Functional Roles And Community Interactions, Diana Tomback
Whitebark Pine As A Foundation And Keystone Species: Functional Roles And Community Interactions, Diana Tomback
North American Forest Ecology Workshop
Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis), a non-commercial five-needle white pine (Family Pinaceae, Subgenus Strobus), and the only North American stone pine (Subsection Cembrae), inhabits upper subalpine and treeline zones throughout the western United States and Canada. The most northerly in distribution of western North American white pines, it occurs across 18∞ of latitude and 21∞ of longitude, and comprises diverse community types--successional, climax, and treeline, mesic to xeric, and pure to mixed associations. Studies within the last three decades have elucidated a unique ecology for whitebark pine, derived in part from obligate seed dispersal by Clarkís nutcrackers, but also from its …
Forest Histories & Forest Futures, Cathy Whitlock
Forest Histories & Forest Futures, Cathy Whitlock
North American Forest Ecology Workshop
The climate changes projected for the future will have significant consequences for forest ecosystems and our ability to manage them. It is reasonable to ask: Are there historical precedents that help us understand what might happen in the future or are historical perspectives becoming irrelevant? What synergisms and feedbacks might be expected between rapidly changing climate and land–use in different settings, especially at the wildland–urban interface? What lessons from the past might help us plan for a changing world? Information on forest history comes from a variety of sources, including pollen and charcoal preserved in lake sediments spanning millennia, variations …