Life Sciences Commons^™

Forage News [1999-12], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• KFGC President’s Corner
• One Day Grazing Schools Are Early Christmas Present
• Forages at Farm Bureau
• KFGC Expands Web Site Content
• Forage Quality Terms
• Use of Energy Supplementation to Dilute Fescue Endophyte Effects During Spring Grazing at Eden Shale
• 20^TH Kentucky Alfalfa Conference
• Upcoming Events

Full Length Transcript Promotor From Figwort Mosaic Caulimovirus (Fmv) And Use To Express Chimeric Genes In Plant Cells, Indu B. Maiti, Robert J. Shepherd

Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center Faculty Patents

Use of wild type and modified viral FLt promoters of FMV in the expression of chimeric genes in plant cells. The FLt promoter from FMV is modified with duplicated enhancer domains. The FLt promoter with its single or double enhancer domains is linked to heterologous coding sequences to form chimeric gene constructs. These genes have been shown to be expressed well in plant cells.

Light Backscatter Of Milk Products For Transition Sensing Using Optical Fibers, Frederick A. Payne, Czarena L. Crofcheck, Sue E. Nokes, Klat C. Kang

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Transition sensors are needed, particularly in the dairy industry, for detecting transitions in pipe flow systems from product-to-water or product-to-product (such as from chocolate to vanilla ice cream mix). Transition information is used to automatically sequence valves to minimize product waste. Optical fibers were used to measure light backscatter between 400 and 950 nm as a function of milk concentration in water and milkfat concentration in milk. The normalized response (100% for product and 0% for water) as a function of product concentration in water was approximately logarithmic for skim milk between 400 and 900 nm and approximately linear for …

Optimization Of Solid-State Fermentation Parameters For The Production Of Xylanase By Trichoderma Longibrachiatum On Wheat Bran In A Forced Aeration System, Elizabeth R. Ridder, Sue E. Nokes, Barbara L. Knutson

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

The effect of aeration on the production of xylanase by Trichoderma longibrachiatum on wheat bran in a solid-state fermentation (SSF) system has not been investigated. This study was conducted to investigate the interactive effects of aeration, initial moisture content of the substrate, and depth of the substrate on xylanase activity produced in a tray fermenter. The experiment was conducted as a split plot experiment with factorial treatments and three replications of each treatment combination. The whole plot treatment was aeration rate (0, 2.9, 5.7 L/min/kg bran). Initial moisture content (45, 55, 65% w.b.) and depth of substrate (1.0 and 2.5 …

Runoff From Fescue Plots Treated With Trimec, Cristopher G. Moss, Dwayne R. Edwards, Stephen R. Workman, R. Michael Williams

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Runoff of herbicides can promote adverse impacts in receiving waters. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of rainfall delay, herbicide application rate, rainfall intensity, and pre-application rainfall on runoff of TRIMEC (a combination of 2,4-D, dicamba, and mecoprop), a herbicide that is commonly used in central Kentucky. The levels of rainfall delay were 0, 2, and 4 d following application; and the levels of herbicide application rate were 0, 0.5, 1 and 2 times the recommended rate. Simulated rainfall was applied at intensities of 64, 102, and 140 mm h^-1; and the depths of …

Forage News [1999-11], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Forages at Farm Bureau
• Forages at KCA
• 20^TH Kentucky Alfalfa Conference
• How’s Your Hay Supply? Quality?
• KFGC President’s Corner
• KFGC Award Winners Announced
• Eden Shale Early Weaning Experiment
• Kentucky Hay
• Upcoming Events

Forage News [1999-10], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Dealing with the Drought of ’99 Fall Forage Conference is October 5
• What to Do with Thin, Open, Cull Cows Has Always Been a Question for Beef Producers
• Princeton Grazing School Set For October 12-14
• Kentucky Forage & Grassland Council Activities
• Evaluating Hay Quality
• Upcoming Events

Modeling Surface And Subsurface Pesticide Transport Under Three Field Conditions Using Przm-3 And Gleams, Robert W. Malone, Richard C. Warner, Stephen R. Workman, Matt E. Byers

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

Contaminant transport models should be evaluated over a wide range of conditions to determine their limitations. The models PRZM and GLEAMS have been evaluated many times, but few studies are available in which predicted movement in runoff and percolate were simultaneously evaluated against field data. Studies of this type are essential because pesticide leaching and runoff are mutually dependent processes. For this reason, PRZM-3 and GLEAMS were evaluated for their ability to predict metribuzin concentrations in runoff, sediment, subsurface soil, and pan lysimeters under three field conditions (yard waste compost amended, no-till, and conventional-till) on a Lowell silt loam soil. …

Forage News [1999-09], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Fertilizing Drought-Stressed Forages
• Harvesting Soybeans for Hay: What Kind of Hay Does it Make? Yield? Problems?
• New Round Bale Hay Storage at Eden Shale
• Nitrates in Forages
• Fall Grazing School
• What About Drilling Small Grain Into Dormant Pastures?
• KFGC Accepting Nominations
• Upcoming Events

Forage News [1999-08], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Choose Varieties Wisely
• Economics of Baled Silage
• Stockpiling Begins in August
• Do Domestic Animals Have Minds and the Ability to Think? A Provisional Sample of Opinions on the Question
• AFGC Leadership Conference
• Upcoming Events

Kyrt1, A Disarmed Version Of A Highly Tumorigenic Agrobacterium Tumefaciens Strain Identified As Chry5, Rebecca S. Torisky, Glenn B. Collins

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Patents

Disarmed A. tumefaciencs strain KYRT1, derived from a highly tumorigenic strain identified as A. tumefaciens strain Chry5. Disarming is accomplished by inactivation of plasmid pTiChry5 T-DNA sequences by, for example, deletion of sequences comprising the T-DNA right border. Methods of making transgenic plants using the novel A. tumefaciens strains are also provided.

Predicting The Cutting Time Of Cottage Cheese Using Backscatter Measurements, Czarena L. Crofcheck, Frederick A. Payne, Sue E. Nokes

Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Faculty Publications

An automated system for monitoring culture growth and determining coagulum cutting time is needed for cottage cheese manufacturing. A light backscatter measurement system was designed and installed in a local cottage cheese manufacturing plant. A cutting time prediction algorithm was developed using parameters generated from the backscatter profile. The cutting time prediction algorithm, T_cut = T_max + β₂ S, used two time-based parameters generated from the backscatter profile (T_max and S) and one operator selected parameter, β₂, to predict the coagulum cutting time, Tcut. The standard error of prediction for the algorithm was 6.4 …

Forage News [1999-07], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Forage/Beef Field Day
• UK Forage Stops Highlight Research
• Eden Shale Research Highlight
• Grazing Management for Eastern Gamagrass
• Does Number of Plant Species in a Pasture Matter
• Sward Composition Changes in Response to Stocking Rate and Method
• Upcoming Events

Isolated Spinach Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase Large Subunit ΕN-Methyltransferase And Method Of Inactivating Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphatase Carboxylase/Oxygenase Large Subunit ΕN-Methyltransferase Activity, Robert L. Houtz

Horticulture Faculty Patents

The gene sequence for ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) large subunit (LS) .sup.ε N-methyltransferase (protein methylase III or Rubisco LSMT) from a plant which has a des(methyl) lysyl residue in the LS is disclosed. In addition, the full-length cDNA clones for Rubisco LSMT are disclosed. Transgenic plants and methods of producing same which have the Rubisco LSMT gene inserted into the DNA are also provided. Further, methods of inactivating the enzymatic activity of Rubisco LSMT are also disclosed.

Forage News [1999-06], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Forage/Beef Field Day - Crittenden County - June 15
• Forage Field Day Stops Show the Best of UK
• University of Kentucky’s Eden Shale Research Farm
• Testing Hay is the Best Deal in Town
• Spring Grazing Schools Went Well
• Fenceless Grazing
• Preliminary Investigations of Grazing Horses on Alfalfa
• Upcoming Events

Forage News [1999-05], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• By-Product Feeds for Postweaning Feeding of Calves
• High Levels of Hard Seed Present in Annual Lespedeza
• Grazing Tolerance Publications Available on the Web
• Kentucky Forage & Grassland Council - President’s Corner
• Layout and Design
• Seeding Rate of Different Alfalfa Seed Lots
• What’s New in Autotoxicity?
• Upcoming Events

Forage News [1999-04], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Kentucky Alfalfa Conference to Celebrate 20^TH Anniversary
• Correct Web Address for Variety Testing Publications
• Spring Into Kentucky Grazing Schools
• Kentucky Forage & Grassland Council President’s – Corner
• Lime Coating Affects
• How Many Alfalfa Plants Are Needed?
• Pasture Aeration Tools
• Fence and Water Systems for Management-Intensive Grazing
• Upcoming Events

Forage News [1999-03], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Commissioner of Agriculture to Address Alfalfa Conference
• Jeffries New AFGC President
• Ken Johnson Elected to AFGC Board
• Grazing Data Summarized
• Economic Optimum Stocking Rates: Some Alternative Perspectives
• Quality Characteristics of Eastern Gamagrass Forages
• Harvesting Quality Hay: What the Research Shows
• Upcoming Events

Marketing Alfalfa Hay: What The Consumer Demands, Tom Keene

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Anytime we address selling a product to the consumer; our first objective should always be to sell a quality product. However before we get into quality, I think we need to back up and understand that quality can vary from customer to customer depending upon the type of livestock he is feeding. For instance, if you are selling hay to a dairy operation, how is the hay being utilized? Is it being fed free choice? Is it going into a milking TMR (total mixed ration)? Is it going to feed young stock, breeding heifers, or sick animals? Each group of …

How I Produce And Market Alfalfa Hay, John Nowak

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

John Nowak was born March 22, 1947, in New York City and was raised in Westchester County, just north of New York City. After graduating from Colorado State University with a B.S. degree in farm and ranch management, he entered the U.S. Army. John served on active duty from 1969 until 1978. In 1975, his Army career brought him to Fort Campbell, Kentucky, and he began farming part-time in Christian County in 1976. As with many "start-from-scratch" farmers, John's first farming efforts involved producing burley tobacco during the years 1976 through 1979. In 1979, he began a cow-calf and backgrounding …

Grazing Alfalfa, Garry D. Lacefield, Jimmy C. Henning

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Alfalfa is a high yielding, high quality, deep-rooted, versatile forage legume well adapted throughout the U.S. Gains per animal and per acre can be excellent with acceptable stand persistence when present technology is used. Is grazing alfalfa right for everyone? No. Is grazing alfalfa right for you? Only you can answer that question. This presentation attempts to give you information that will hopefully help you with that answer.

What I Have Learned From 4 Years Of Alfalfa Grazing Tolerance Variety Trials, Jimmy C. Henning, Robert Spitaleri, Garry D. Lacefield, Charles T. Dougherty

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

There has been interest in alfalfa varieties that would tolerate grazing for some time. The spreading type alfalfas (such as Rambler, Spredor 2, Travois) have long been generally promoted as being tolerant of grazing. Over the years, most selection for tolerance to grazing was done using frequent clipping to simulate grazing.

Studies conducted at the University of Georgia in the 1980's found that alfalfa varieties performed differently when grazed frequently compared to clipping frequently. This line of research eventually led to the release of 'AlfaGraze' alfalfa which was the first variety ever to be selected primarily by overgrazing by livestock. …

Practical And Economical Ways To Increase Alfalfa Hay Drying Rates, Michael Collins

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Hay stores well for long periods and is better suited to cash sale and transportation than silage and remains the most popular method for harvesting the alfalfa crop. Rapid drying reduces field losses by reducing respiration and by reducing the incidence of rain damage during curing. Because of these factors, harvest losses are greatest for very dry forage and are low for very wet material like direct cut silage. However, the latter is subject to excessive storage losses due to seepage and to quality deterioration. Storage losses are generally minimized by harvesting at low moisture levels.

Alfalfa Following Alfalfa: What Works And What Doesn't Work?, Monroe Rasnake

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Farmers often would like to go directly back into alfalfa when an old stand plays out. However, research has shown that it is often difficult to get new stands established when this is done. Some of the problems may be attributed to weeds, insects and diseases that build up over time and become difficult to control. Another reason is that alfalfa plants have been shown to produce chemical compounds that can inhibit germination and growth of new seedlings. This effect is called allelopathy or autotoxicity.

Secrets To Getting A Good Stand Of Alfalfa, Jimmy C. Henning, Garry D. Lacefield

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Getting a good stand of alfalfa quickly is very important to Kentucky because it is the highest yielding, highest quality forage crop. In addition, it can be used in many different ways. Cool wet springs and hot dry falls have caused alfalfa seedings to fail in recent years. It would be easy to begin to believe that there was some 'magic' step or ingredient that has been missing. There are no magic steps to getting a good stand. Attention to a few major details can help maximize your chances of success.

What Grasses Work Best With Alfalfa?, Timothy D. Phillips

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

Alfalfa is the "queen" of forages, but many situations exist where it is desirable or necessary to grow alfalfa in a mixture with a forage grass rather in monoculture. Some of the reasons to grow grass with alfalfa are: improved yield (in terms of tons of dry matter produced), better seasonal yield distribution, better weed control, potential pest reduction, erosion prevention, bloat risk reduction, and accelerated hay-drying rates. Conversely, there are some factors that favor alfalfa monoculture. These include: lower forage quality, especially in terms of protein content; more difficult management requirements (herbicide use, fertilization, and harvest timing); and, lower …

Foreword [1999], Garry D. Lacefield

Kentucky Alfalfa and Stored Forage Conference

This is the front matter of the proceedings.

Cloning And Developmental Expression Of Pea Ribulose-1,5-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase Large Subunit Epsilon N-Methyltransferase, Robert L. Houtz

Horticulture Faculty Patents

The gene sequence for ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) large subunit (LS) .sup.ε N-methyltransferase (protein methylase III or Rubisco LSMT) is disclosed. This enzyme catalyzes methylation of the ε-amine of lysine-14 in the large subunit of Rubisco. In addition, a full-length cDNA clone for Rubisco LSMT is disclosed. Transgenic plants and methods of producing same which (1) have the Rubisco LSMT gene inserted into the DNA, and (2) have the Rubisco LSMT gene product or the action of the gene product deleted from the DNA are also provided. Further, methods of using the gene to selectively deliver desired agents to a plant …

Forage News [1999-02], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Kentucky Plays Major Role at National Forage Meeting
• 1998 Forage Variety Test Reports
• Pasture Renovation
• Pasture Bloat
• Getting the Most Out of Your Legume-Based Pastures
• Alfalfa Is for People, Too
• Wildlife Haven
• Upcoming Events

Aphanomyces-Resistant Alfalfa: A Solution To A Common Problem In Spring Seedings, Paul C. Vincelli, Jimmy C. Henning, Tim Hendrick, Gerald D. Brown, L. J. Osborne, Beth Prewitt, Val Shields, Don Sorrell, Kim Strohmeier, Ray Tackett, Joe Wyles

Agronomy Notes

For several decades, farmers have experienced a common stand-establishment disease syndrome when spring-seeded alfalfa was followed by extended periods of wet weather. Seedlings affected by this syndrome exhibit severe stunting as well as yellowing and reddening of seed leaves (cotyledons), but they do not wilt or collapse, as they might from a damping-off disease. Commonly, the problem affects most or all of the field.

Based on research that began in the 1980's, we suspected that a fungus called Aphanomyces euteiches (hereafter simply called Aphanomyces) was responsible. This root-rot fungus can be found in the majority of alfalfa fields we …