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Articles 1 - 14 of 14
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
High Protein Yeast-Based Ddgs As An Alternative To Commonly Used Protein Sources In Pig Diets, Yesid Ricardo Garavito Duarte
High Protein Yeast-Based Ddgs As An Alternative To Commonly Used Protein Sources In Pig Diets, Yesid Ricardo Garavito Duarte
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Alternative ingredients and co-products from ethanol and biofuel industries represent an opportunity for utilization in swine diets. In this context, understanding nutritional value to practical swine feeding begins with product characterization and determination of nutrient digestibility. The objective of this research was to test the hypothesis: yeast-based high-protein DDGS (HP-GDDY) has comparable AA and metabolizable energy (ME) digestibility to feedstuffs commonly used in swine diets and that it could be included as an alternative protein source in nursery diets without negative impact on growth performance. Cornstarch-based diets were formulated using six ingredients as the sole source of AA: spray dried …
Effects Of A Low Allergenic Soybean Variety On Gut Permeability, Digestibility And Growth Performance In Pigs, Katelyn M. Zeamer
Effects Of A Low Allergenic Soybean Variety On Gut Permeability, Digestibility And Growth Performance In Pigs, Katelyn M. Zeamer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Soybeans are the ‘gold standard’ protein source in pig diets, with lower inclusion levels in weaned pig diets due to transient inflammatory and hypersensitivity responses. This study evaluated a low allergenic (LA) soybean seed containing low Trypsin inhibitors, lectins, and P34 protein. The objective was to determine the impact of weaned pig diets containing LA soybean in both meal (LASBM) and full fat ground (LAGR) forms on the intestinal permeability and gut microbial composition, digestibility of protein and amino acids, and growth performance, in comparison to conventional (CON) soybeans and animal proteins (ANIM). In study 1, 60 weaned barrows (20.9 …
Winter Snow Depth In Arctic Alaska Results In Complex Changes In Caribou Forage Quality, Jessica C. Richert
Winter Snow Depth In Arctic Alaska Results In Complex Changes In Caribou Forage Quality, Jessica C. Richert
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Caribou (Rangifer tarandus) rely on the short growing season for much of their annual nutrition, making them susceptible to even small changes in forage quantity and quality. Body condition in the summer and fall is linked to winter survival rates and fecundity in cows, critical factors in the robustness of caribou populations. Due to a warmer, wetter climate, snowfall is predicted to increase over Alaska’s North Slope in the next several decades. Deeper snow results in higher soil temperatures, allowing microbial mineralization of nitrogen to continue throughout the winter and increasing the availability of nitrogen for plants in spring and …
Evaluation Of Microbially-Converted Soybean Meal As An Alternative To Fishmeal In Weaned Pig Diets, Sue Sinn
Evaluation Of Microbially-Converted Soybean Meal As An Alternative To Fishmeal In Weaned Pig Diets, Sue Sinn
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Digestibility values determined in growing pigs may not apply to nursery pigs; thus, standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA in MCSBM and fishmeal (FM) were determined using 30 ± 1.6 kg BW ileal-cannulated barrows (n = 6) and 9.8 ± 1.2 kg BW barrows (n = 37; serial slaughter). Experimental diets included MCSBM, FM, and nitrogen-free where FM and MCSBM were included as the sole protein source. The SID of AA was 3-5% lower in MCSBM than FM when fed to 30 kg pigs. The SID of Arg and Met was greater (P < 0.05) in MCSBM than FM when fed to 10 kg pigs. The SID of AA was 12-20% lower in FM when fed to 10 versus 30 kg pigs but only 3-9% lower in MCSBM. A total of 336 barrows and gilts were weaned at 21 d of age (initial BW 6.1 ± 0.8 kg) and used in a performance trial. Pens of pigs were assigned to one of 6 experimental diets (8 pens/diet in two blocks). Treatment diets were fed in Phase I (7 d) and Phase II (14 d) with all pigs fed a common Phase III diet (14 d). Experimental diets included: 1) negative control (NEG) containing corn, soybean meal and whey, 2) NEG + acidifier (NEGA), 3) NEG + FM (POS), 4) POS + acidifier (POSA), 5) NEG + MCSBM (MCSBM), and 6) MCSBM + acidifier (MCSBMA). The FM and MCSBM were included at 7.5% and 5.0% in Phase I and II diets, respectively. Diets were formulated to meet the standard nutrient requirements for weaned pigs. Pig BW and feed disappearance was measured weekly and fecal scores were measured daily for the first 14 d postweaning as an indicator of PWDS. Performance (BW, ADG, ADFI, and G/F) was not significantly different among treatments. Treatment for PWDS occurred on different days in each block. Analysis of fecal score was completed separately by block. Pigs fed the NEG diets had higher (P = 0.02) fecal scores than pigs fed the POS diets on d 2 and 3 (block 1) and higher (P < 0.05) than pigs fed MCSBM or POS diets and diets with dietary acidifier on d 6 and 3 (block 2). At the end of Phase I and II, one pig/pen was humanely euthanized for digesta and tissue collection. Digesta pH was measured in the pyloric region of the stomach, duodenum, middle jejunum, ileum, cecum, and middle colon. There was an effect of location (P < 0.0001), where the pH was lowest in the stomach and increased until the ileum with a slight dip in the cecum and increased in the colon. There was no effect of ingredient, dietary acid, or their interaction within the gastrointestinal tract. At the end of Phase I, pigs fed NEG and POSA diets had similar pH (P > 0.10) from the stomach to the duodenum, …
Can Solvent-Or Mechanically-Extracted Carinata Meal Be Used As An Effective Source Of Supplemental Protein To Cows Fed Poor Quality Forages?, Emily Jacklyn Rosenthal
Can Solvent-Or Mechanically-Extracted Carinata Meal Be Used As An Effective Source Of Supplemental Protein To Cows Fed Poor Quality Forages?, Emily Jacklyn Rosenthal
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Brassica carinata is an oilseed crop that requires a relatively short growing season and produces high crop yields. It is a great source for aviation biofuel, however it produces a large amount of waste that may be used as a protein supplement for cattle. We tested the effects of solvent- or mechanically-extracted carinata meal as a protein supplement to ad libitum ground or long-stem corn residue (i.e., corn plant left over from grain harvest) had on cow performance and digestibility. Fifty-six non-pregnant cows in 8 pens had ad libitum access to either long-stem or ground corn residue in addition to …
Response Of Dairy Cows To Dietary Starch Concentrations: Performance, Nutrient Digestion, And Gas Emissions, Juan Isidro Sanchez-Duarte
Response Of Dairy Cows To Dietary Starch Concentrations: Performance, Nutrient Digestion, And Gas Emissions, Juan Isidro Sanchez-Duarte
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Three studies and a meta-analysis were conducted to determine the performance, nutrient digestion, and gas emissions of dairy cows fed diets with different starch concentrations (19 to 27% of DM). Study 1 evaluated the effects of reducing corn grain starch with non-forage fiber sources (NFFS, soybean hulls and beet pulp) in diets of soybean meal (SBM) or canola meal (CM). In study 1, reducing starch from 27 to 20% with soybean hulls and beet pulp had a negative effect on dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield and energy-corrected milk (ECM), regardless of the crude protein (CP) source. Those effects were …
Preference Of White-Tailed Deer For Corn Hybrids And Agricultural Husbandry Practices During The Growing Season, Joshua A. Delger, Kevin L. Monteith, Lowell E. Schmitz, Jonathan A. Jenks
Preference Of White-Tailed Deer For Corn Hybrids And Agricultural Husbandry Practices During The Growing Season, Joshua A. Delger, Kevin L. Monteith, Lowell E. Schmitz, Jonathan A. Jenks
Natural Resource Management Faculty Publications
Damage to field corn (Zea mays) by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) can be substantial, resulting in millions of dollars lost annually. Numerous methods exist to minimize deer depredation, but all have met with varying degrees of success. Currently, little information is available on preference of white-tailed deer for corn hybrids during the growing season and how that preference might affect depredation patterns. We used adult female white-tailed deer in captivity to study the effect of herbicide treatments on deer-use (treatment versus no treatment) of corn in 2005 and to document preference among specific corn hybrids in …
Effect Of Corn Processing And Reconstitution On The Digestibility Of High Grain Diets, M. A. Robbins, R. H. Pritchard
Effect Of Corn Processing And Reconstitution On The Digestibility Of High Grain Diets, M. A. Robbins, R. H. Pritchard
South Dakota Beef Report, 1994
Twelve steers (body weight 955 Ib + 37) were allotted to a 4 x 4 Latin square design digestion trial to examine the effects of corn processing on feed utilization. The grain component of the diet was either dry whole corn (WC), dry rolled corn (RC), corn reconstituted 12 hours before rolling (RRC), or corn reconstituted with a commercial surfactant3 12 hours before rolling (CRC). Dry matter content of the WC, RC, RRC, and CRC diets were 87.91, 87.30, 82.1 9, and 82.14%, respectively. Treatment had no effect on the digestibilities of dry matter (71.00% ± 1.57), organic matter (72.22% …
Effects Of Level Of Concentration On Utilization Of Mature Prairie Hay By Steers, M. C. Namminga, R. J. Pruitt, R. H. Pritchard
Effects Of Level Of Concentration On Utilization Of Mature Prairie Hay By Steers, M. C. Namminga, R. J. Pruitt, R. H. Pritchard
South Dakota Beef Report, 1993
A trial involving total tract digestibility and ruminal in situ disappearance was conducted to determine effects of level of concentrate supplement on utilization of mature prairie hay by beef steers. Supplemental treatments included CONTROL (no supplement) and combinations of corn and soybean meal to provide .66 1b of ruminally degradable protein from increasing amounts of concentrate supplement (LOW = 2.16 Ib/day, MEDIUM = 6.28 Ib/day, and HIGH = 10.38 Ib/day). Steers receiving higher levels of concentrate supplements (MEDIUM and HIGH) exhibited decreased intake (P<.01) and digestibility (P<.01) of mature prairie hay. Supplementation with the low level of high crude protein supplement (LOW) resulted in improved dry matter intake (P<.01) and digestibility (P<.02) of mature prairie hay. Apparent dry matter digestibility of the total diet increased (P<.05) as level of concentrate supplement increased. Supplementation with the high level of concentrate supplement (HIGH) decreased disappearance of dry matter (P<.05) and neutral detergent fiber (P<.05) from the rumen and depressed ruminal pH (P<.01) at 4, 8, and 12 hours post-supplementation. Results of this trial confirm the benefits of low levels of high crude protein, all natural supplements on utilization of mature forages and indicate that high levels of high starch supplements will depress utilization of mature prairie hay.
Effects Of Cryptosporidiosis On Feed Utilization By Yearling Steers, L. A. Goss, J. U. Thomson, R. H. Pritchard
Effects Of Cryptosporidiosis On Feed Utilization By Yearling Steers, L. A. Goss, J. U. Thomson, R. H. Pritchard
South Dakota Beef Report, 1991
Four 18-month-old Angus steers were used to study the effects of chronic cryptosporidiosis on feed utilization. Two of the steers tested positive for shedding Cryptosporidium and two noninfected steers were used as controls. The steers were offered a high concentrate diet. Digestibilities of dry matter (85.66 vs 80.33 ± 3.49%), crude protein (80.12 vs 73.47 ± 5.18%), ADF (72.88 vs 70.92 ± 2.32%) and NDF (86.28 vs 84.40 ± 1.99%) were similar for control and Cryptosporidium infected steers, respectively. The mean abomasal chyme pH was 4.72 ± .016. Abomasal weight was 3.72 Ib for the control steers and 6.50 Ib …
Methionine Addition To A Urea-Grain Supplement For Cows Grazing Dormant Winter Range, P. A. Momont, R. J. Pruitt, P. S. Johnson
Methionine Addition To A Urea-Grain Supplement For Cows Grazing Dormant Winter Range, P. A. Momont, R. J. Pruitt, P. S. Johnson
South Dakota Beef Report, 1991
A 2-year grazing study involving 103 mature pregnant Simmental x Angus cows grazing dormant winter range was conducted to determine the effects of methionine addition to a urea-grain supplement on forage intake and digestibility and on cow performance. Four protein supplements designed to supply .8 1b crude protein per head daily were fed from mid-November to mid-February. Supplements contained (1) urea (CON), (2) urea plus methionine (MET), (3) urea plus sodium sulfate (SUL) and (4) soybean meal (SBM). Twice during the second winter (late November and late January), cows were administered controlled release chromic oxide boluses and fecal samples were …
In Vitro Digestibility Of Untreated And Ammonia Treated Oat Mill By-Product, C. P. Birkelo, B. Borkowski, S. Shuey
In Vitro Digestibility Of Untreated And Ammonia Treated Oat Mill By-Product, C. P. Birkelo, B. Borkowski, S. Shuey
South Dakota Beef Report, 1991
Oat mill by-product (OMB, approximately 80% oat hulls) was treated with 0, 1%, 3%, or 5% NH3 and 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50% H2O (4 x 5 factorial design) and allowed to react for 28 days. Samples were analyzed for in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), crude protein (CP) and fiber content (NDF, ADF, ADL). Treatment with 3% NH3 and 20% H20 resulted in maximum improvement of IVDMD. CP was increased and NDF decreased due to treatment. Nutritional value of OMB can be improved by NH3 treatment.
Feed Utilization By Steers With Chronic Cryptosporidia Infection, R.H. Pritchard, J.U. Thomson, C.D. Mullaney
Feed Utilization By Steers With Chronic Cryptosporidia Infection, R.H. Pritchard, J.U. Thomson, C.D. Mullaney
South Dakota Beef Report, 1990
The effect of chronic cryptosporidia infection on feed utilization by yearling steers was evaluated. Two control and two infected steers were fed a corn silage based diet. lnfected steers had shown evidence of cryptosporidia infection over a 6-month period prior to determining feed digestibility. Digestibilities of dry matter (58.1 vs 54.0 ± 3.9%), NDF (51.7 vs 54.6 ± 2.5%), ADF (35.8 34.8 ± 7.1%) and crude protein (45.0 vs 45.9 ± 5.3%) were unaffected (P>.10) by parasite infection for control and infected steers, respectively.
Effect Of Methionine Addition To A Urea-Grain Based Supplement On Digestibility Of Mature Prairie Grass Hay, P.A. Momont, R. J. Pruitt, R. H. Pritchard, P. S. Johnson
Effect Of Methionine Addition To A Urea-Grain Based Supplement On Digestibility Of Mature Prairie Grass Hay, P.A. Momont, R. J. Pruitt, R. H. Pritchard, P. S. Johnson
South Dakota Beef Report, 1989
A digestibility trial was conducted to determine the effect of methionine addition to a grain-urea based supplement on the digestibility of mature prairie hay. Ad libitum hay supplemented with .I Ib supplemental crude protein from either a (1) soybean meal, (2) methionine + urea-grain, (3) sulfur + urea-grain or (4) urea-grain supplement was fed to 20 Hampshire ram lambs. Dry matter, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber disappearances tended to be higher with methionine or sulfur-urea supplements over urea alone. Diet digestibilities between soybean meal, - methionine and sulfur treatments were similar. Methionine increased apparent nitrogen digestibility of the …