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Articles 1 - 30 of 40
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
The Quantitative Assessment Of Pond Scum: An Examination Of The Biogeochemistry Of Phosphorus Cycling In The Belgrade Lakes, Abbey M. Sykes
The Quantitative Assessment Of Pond Scum: An Examination Of The Biogeochemistry Of Phosphorus Cycling In The Belgrade Lakes, Abbey M. Sykes
Honors Theses
The internal recycling phosphorus in freshwater lake bottom sediments represents a significant source of hypolimnetic phosphorus (P) release for many of Maine’s lakes. In summer months, Maine lakes often thermally stratify and the lake hypolimnion develops anoxia, leading to a reduction in redox potential at the sediment-water interface. These reducing conditions facilitate the reductive dissolution of ferric iron, and, since phosphorus is often present in freshwater lake sediments as solid FeOOH-PO4 complexes, results in release of soluble phosphorus into the water column. Our current study presents field and laboratory data from sediment fractionation extractions designed to quantify concentrations of …
Use Of Small Molecule Fanconi Anemia Pathway Inhibitors As Sensitizing Agents To Laromustine., Sam W. Marchant
Use Of Small Molecule Fanconi Anemia Pathway Inhibitors As Sensitizing Agents To Laromustine., Sam W. Marchant
Honors Theses
Laromustine is an experimental chemotherapeutic sulfonyl hydrazine prodrug shown in clinical trials to be effective against acute myeloid leukemia. The mechanism of action of laromustine involves interstrand crosslinking, via chloroethylation, and enzyme inhibition, caused by carbamoylation. The work described herein aims to investigate whether inhibition of the replication-dependent interstrand crosslink repair Fanconi Anemia pathway further sensitizes cells to laromustine. By measuring metabolic activity immediately after drug exposure, we find laromustine to be equally as cytotoxic towards Fanconi Anemia deficient and wild type cells. However, through clonogenic assays we show Fanconi Anemia mutations sensitize cells to laromustine’s anti-proliferative effect. Furthermore, we …
Identifying Metabolites As Markers Of Fatigue In Athletes, Christopher D. George
Identifying Metabolites As Markers Of Fatigue In Athletes, Christopher D. George
Honors Theses
Fatigue in athletes caused by inadequate rest and other stressors can be severely detrimental to their health, and yet there is no reliable way to measure and track fatigue. Many classical measures of fatigue like body mass and resting heart rate are not reliable ways to track the physical fatigue of an athlete because they can change with many factors. In addition, it is not known how academic stress on top of physical stress affects fatigue. Metabolomics is a relatively new area of study and tracking metabolites offers the possibility to produce biomarkers to assess fatigue. This study collected saliva …
Investigating Phosphorylation Patterns And Their Effect On The Activity Of Transcription Factor Taabf1 In Imbibing Cereal Grains, Grace Uwase
Honors Theses
The wheat transcription factor TaABF1 plays an important role in hormone-mediated regulation of seed dormancy and germination of cereal grains. Evidence shows that TaABF1 activity is regulated by phosphorylation, and previous work in our lab showed that when serine residues in its conserved regions; S36, S37, S113, S115 were altered to phosphomimetic aspartate, the 4xD TaABF1 mutant had increased activity as a transcription factor. However, when only S113 was altered, TaABF1’s activity was greatly reduced. The work presented here explored whether the S36D/S37D/S115D mutant would have stronger activity than the 4xD mutant. Using the particle bombardment technique to introduce the …
Haloferax Volcanii For Carotenoid Production, Erika Smith
Haloferax Volcanii For Carotenoid Production, Erika Smith
Honors Theses
Carotenoids are used as natural colorants and have been shown to have numerous health benefits, making these molecules highly desirable in the aquaculture, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical markets. There is increasing consumer demand for the natural synthesis of carotenoids, but current methods are limited by the cost and difficulty of extraction from organisms. The halophilic archaeon Haloferax volcanii is amenable to extraction and has an endogenous carotenoid biosynthetic pathway that culminates in the accumulation of the carotenoid bacterioruberin; however, H. volcanii also synthesizes important precursors that can be converted into more highly-desired carotenoids, such as β-carotene and astaxanthin, in the presence …
Development Of A Chemical Genetic Screen To Determine Synergistic Compounds With Laromustine In Treating Glioblastoma Multiforme Cultured Cells, Ryan Weeks
Honors Theses
Laromustine is a chemotherapeutic sulfonylhydrazine prodrug used in clinical trials to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). While treatment of AML with laromustine has more demonstrative clinical success, there are enough promising data against GBM to pursue additional pre-clinical and clinical experiments. To determine the synergistic effects caused by treating cultured GBM cells with laromustine and a library of FDA-approved compounds, a chemical genetic screen was developed. To optimize the screen, optimal cultured GBM cell seed density, growth period and maximum well capacity were determined. The treatment period for a lethal dose of laromustine in cultured GBM …
An Investigation Of Bag3 Knockdown And Its Effects On The Cytotoxicity Of Laromustine, Colin Sheehan
An Investigation Of Bag3 Knockdown And Its Effects On The Cytotoxicity Of Laromustine, Colin Sheehan
Honors Theses
Laromustine is a sulfonylhydrazine anticancer prodrug whose main cytotoxic arises from its ability to interfere with DNA replication of dividing cells. Multiple studies have suggested that Laromustine induces a form of cell death known as apoptosis. In a previous study investigating the mechanism of apoptosis, bcl2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) demonstrated significant upregulation in the presence of Laromustine. Given its anticancer ability, we selected BAG3 as a target for further investigation. BAG3 knockdown through transient shRNA transfections was performed in U138 glioblastoma multiforme cells and verified using qRT-PCR analysis. Finally, cell death assays were used to assess Laromustine’s cytotoxic effect on …
Optimization Of A Chemical Genetic Screen To Identify Druggable Targets In U138 Cells Treated With Laromustine, Kathryn Coe
Optimization Of A Chemical Genetic Screen To Identify Druggable Targets In U138 Cells Treated With Laromustine, Kathryn Coe
Honors Theses
Laromustine is an experimental sulfonylhydrazine prodrug used in late-stage clinical studies against acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Despite initial promise for both indications, clinical trials for GBM have not been as successful as those for AML. To investigate methods for improving the effectiveness of laromustine in GBM and to learn more about the mechanism of action of laromustine, a chemical genetic screen will be conducted to identify agents that sensitize GBM cells to the anti-proliferative effects of laromustine. The library, which will include approximately 450 FDA-approved drugs, will be screened using a newly optimized high throughput assay …
Investigating The Effects Of Bag3 Knockdown On The Cytotoxicity Of The Anticancer Drug Laromustine, Kayla Gross
Investigating The Effects Of Bag3 Knockdown On The Cytotoxicity Of The Anticancer Drug Laromustine, Kayla Gross
Honors Theses
Laromustine is a sulfonylhydrazine anticancer prodrug whose cytotoxicity results from the formation of interstrand cross-links caused by the synergistic action of co- generated 2-chloroethylating and carbamoylating species. The cytotoxic activities of Laromustine involve the induction of apoptosis. Described herein is an investigation into this drug’s effects on apoptotic gene expression in HL-60 cells using qRT-PCR. Significant changes in the expression levels of 13 genes were observed, most dramatically in the upregulation of the bcl2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) gene. Given the pro-survival role of BAG3 in the cell, this investigation sought to decrease BAG3 mRNA levels in HL-60 cells using transient …
Relationship Of Cross-Linking Potential To Mechanism Of Cell Death, Adam N. Spierer
Relationship Of Cross-Linking Potential To Mechanism Of Cell Death, Adam N. Spierer
Honors Theses
Mechlorethamine (HN2), a nitrogen derivative of mustard gas, was the first synthetic anti-tumor chemotherapeutic because it forms covalent cross-links between strands of duplex DNA. HN2 represents a class of bifunctional alkylating agents that are both chemotherapeutic and carcinogenic: diepoxybutane (DEB), the active form of the pro-drug treosulfan, and epichlorohydrin (ECH), a structural hybrid of HN2 and DEB, also form covalent cross-links between DNA. While HN2 and DEB are clinically used as anti-tumor chemotherapeutics, ECH is a structural hybrid of these two compounds not used in a clinical setting. Accordingly, we aimed to understand the relationship between the cross-linking potential of …
Changing Water Quality In Great Pond: The Roles Of Lake Sediments, Invasive Macrophytes, And The Watershed, Colby Environmental Assessment Team, Colby College, Problems In Environmental Science Course (Biology 493), Colby College
Changing Water Quality In Great Pond: The Roles Of Lake Sediments, Invasive Macrophytes, And The Watershed, Colby Environmental Assessment Team, Colby College, Problems In Environmental Science Course (Biology 493), Colby College
Colby College Watershed Study: Great Pond (2012, 2010, 1998)
Eutrophication as a result of human activity is a threat to lake water quality globally and within the state of Maine. Great Pond, in the Belgrade Lakes region of Maine, has traditionally been an oligotrophic lake that is experiencing early signs of eutrophication and is currently classified as a mesotrophic lake. In the fall of 2012, the Colby Environmental Assessment Team (CEAT) measured the primary sources of nutrient loading to Great Pond including the catchment and the lake sediment, current water quality in Great Pond, and the potential impact of the variable milfoil invasion on the lake’s water quality. An …
The Impact Of Tricaine Methanesulfonate, 2-Phenoxyethanol, And Carvone-Methyl Salicylate On The Innate Immune Response Of Zebrafish (Danio Rerio), Charles R. Wulff
The Impact Of Tricaine Methanesulfonate, 2-Phenoxyethanol, And Carvone-Methyl Salicylate On The Innate Immune Response Of Zebrafish (Danio Rerio), Charles R. Wulff
Honors Theses
Anesthesia plays a vital role in the maintenance of aquaculture species, where it is used to minimize stress during complex handling tasks such as transport, assessment, and harvesting. However, anesthetics have been shown to suppress the innate immune response, which could impact immunity and increase risk of infection. Tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) and 2-Phenoxyethanol (2-PE) represent two of the most commonly used anesthetics in aquaculture, with R-(+)-carvone, in the form of carvone-methyl salicylate (CMS) has recently been proposed as an alternative anesthetic for food fish. These three anesthetics were used to assess the influence of anesthetics on the immune system of …
Patterns Of Apoptotic Poly(Adp-Ribose) Polymerase Cleavage Induced By Laromustine And Its Analogs, Adam N. Paine
Patterns Of Apoptotic Poly(Adp-Ribose) Polymerase Cleavage Induced By Laromustine And Its Analogs, Adam N. Paine
Honors Theses
The anticancer prodrug Laromustine (VNP40101M) has produced promising remission rates in clinical trials among leukemic patients relative to currently available chemotherapeutics. Such improvements demand that the agent’s mechanism of action be elucidated. This study aimed to determine the role of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in Laromustine-induced cell death. Previous studies indicated that the methyl isocyanate produced upon activation of Laromustine is largely responsible for its effective induction of apoptosis. Results reported herein strongly support the activation of a PARP-dependent apoptotic pathway by Laromustine’s carbamoylating and chlorethylating subspecies. Furthermore, it is evident that the Laromustine-induced PARP-dependent apoptosis is primarily attributable to methyl …
A Watershed Analysis Of Salmon Lake And Mcgrath Pond: Implications For Water Quality And Land Use Management, Colby Environmental Assessment Team, Colby College, Problems In Environmental Science Course (Biology 493), Colby College
A Watershed Analysis Of Salmon Lake And Mcgrath Pond: Implications For Water Quality And Land Use Management, Colby Environmental Assessment Team, Colby College, Problems In Environmental Science Course (Biology 493), Colby College
Colby College Watershed Study: Salmon Lake and McGrath Pond (2009, 1993)
In the summer and fall of 2009, the Colby Environmental Assessment Team (CEAT) studied the water quality of Salmon Lake and McGrath Pond, located in the Belgrade Lakes Region of Maine. The physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water quality were measured and analyzed to evaluate the current health of these lakes. Water quality data collected during the summer and fall of 2009 were compared with data from previous years to study the historic water quality trends. Land use patterns in the Salmon/McGrath watershed were also examined to investigate their impact on the lake water quality. The water quality trends …
A Watershed Analysis Of Pattee Pond: Implications For Water Quality And Land Use Management, Problems In Environmental Science Course (Biology 493), Colby College, Colby Environmental Assessment Team, Colby College
A Watershed Analysis Of Pattee Pond: Implications For Water Quality And Land Use Management, Problems In Environmental Science Course (Biology 493), Colby College, Colby Environmental Assessment Team, Colby College
Colby College Watershed Study: Pattee Pond (2008, 1992)
The Colby Environmental Assessment Team (CEAT) investigated the impact of land use patterns on the water quality of Pattee Pond in Winslow, Maine, during the summer and fall of 2008. Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of water quality were analyzed to evaluate the current health of the lake. Data collected were compared with previous studies conducted by the Maine Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) and CEAT to examine changes in water quality and land use over time. Trends in Pattee Pond water quality suggest an improvement since the 1970s. However, the lake is still experiencing algal blooms resulting from phosphorus …
A Watershed Analysis Of Long Pond South: Implications For Water Quality And Land-Use Management [Presentation], Colby Environmental Assessment Team, Colby College, Problems In Environmental Science Course (Biology 493), Colby College
A Watershed Analysis Of Long Pond South: Implications For Water Quality And Land-Use Management [Presentation], Colby Environmental Assessment Team, Colby College, Problems In Environmental Science Course (Biology 493), Colby College
Colby College Watershed Study: Long Pond, South (2007, 1995)
No abstract provided.
A Watershed Analysis Of Long Pond South: Implications For Water Quality And Land Use Management, Colby Environmental Assessment Team, Colby College, Problems In Environmental Science Course (Biology 493), Colby College
A Watershed Analysis Of Long Pond South: Implications For Water Quality And Land Use Management, Colby Environmental Assessment Team, Colby College, Problems In Environmental Science Course (Biology 493), Colby College
Colby College Watershed Study: Long Pond, South (2007, 1995)
The water quality of the South Basin of Long Pond, located in the Belgrade Lakes region of Maine, was investigated by the Colby Environmental Assessment Team (CEAT) from May to September of 2007. The physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of water quality were analyzed to evaluate the current health of the lake. The Long Pond South watershed was examined to investigate the effect of land-use patterns, including residential and commercial development, on the lake water quality. Data were also collected from road and shoreline surveys to produce maps highlighting areas that could potentially contribute to the degradation of water quality. …
Watershed Assessment Of Long Pond North [Presentation], Colby Environmental Assessment Team, Colby College, Problems In Environmental Science Course (Biology 493), Colby College
Watershed Assessment Of Long Pond North [Presentation], Colby Environmental Assessment Team, Colby College, Problems In Environmental Science Course (Biology 493), Colby College
Colby College Watershed Study: Long Pond, North (2006, 1994)
No abstract provided.
A Watershed Analysis Of Long Pong North: Implications For Water Quality And Land-Use Management, Colby Environmental Assessment Team, Colby College, Problems In Environmental Science Course (Biology 493), Colby College
A Watershed Analysis Of Long Pong North: Implications For Water Quality And Land-Use Management, Colby Environmental Assessment Team, Colby College, Problems In Environmental Science Course (Biology 493), Colby College
Colby College Watershed Study: Long Pond, North (2006, 1994)
The Colby Environmental Assessment Team (CEAT) investigated the water quality of Long Pond North, located in the Belgrade Lakes region of Maine, from June through December 006. CEAT analyzed several physical, chemical, and biological water quality parameters to determine the current health of the lake. Attributes of the watershed such as land-use patterns and residential and commercial development were also studied to determine their impact on water quality. Data collected were used to produce models of the watershed that enabled CEAT to identify possible sources of degradation to the current and future water quality of Long Pond. To examine historic …
Epichlorohydrin Cross-Linking Of Synthetic Dna Oligomers, Rami W. Zaharan, Julie T. Millard
Epichlorohydrin Cross-Linking Of Synthetic Dna Oligomers, Rami W. Zaharan, Julie T. Millard
Undergraduate Research Symposium (UGRS)
Epichlorohydrin (ECH), an important chemical in the synthetic polymer industry, is a bifunctional alkylating agent with the potential to form DNA interstrand crosslinks. Occupational exposure to this suspect carcinogen leads to chromosomal aberrations, and ECH has been shown to undergo reaction with DNA in vivo and in vitro. We are using denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to assess cross-linking of synthetic DNA oligomers by both ECH and the related compound, epibromohydrin (EBH). Both epihalohydrins produce a low-mobility band on denaturing gels consistent with an interstrand cross-link. Moreover, the efficiencies, sequence preferences, reaction kinetics, and pH dependence differ for the two compounds, …
China Lake Buffer Strip Pictures, Colby Environmental Assessment Team, Colby College, Problems In Environmental Science Course (Biology 493), Colby College
China Lake Buffer Strip Pictures, Colby Environmental Assessment Team, Colby College, Problems In Environmental Science Course (Biology 493), Colby College
Colby College Watershed Study: China Lake (2005, 1989)
No abstract provided.
Appendix C. Physical Measurements And Chemical Analyses Of China Lake Water Quality, Problems In Environmental Science Course (Biology 493), Colby College, Colby Environmental Assessment Team, Colby College
Appendix C. Physical Measurements And Chemical Analyses Of China Lake Water Quality, Problems In Environmental Science Course (Biology 493), Colby College, Colby Environmental Assessment Team, Colby College
Colby College Watershed Study: China Lake (2005, 1989)
No abstract provided.
A Watershed Analysis Of China Lake, Colby Environmental Assessment Team, Colby College, Problems In Environmental Science Course (Biology 493), Colby College
A Watershed Analysis Of China Lake, Colby Environmental Assessment Team, Colby College, Problems In Environmental Science Course (Biology 493), Colby College
Colby College Watershed Study: China Lake (2005, 1989)
The Colby Environmental Assessment Team (CEAT) investigated the water quality of China Lake, located in China and Vassalboro Maine, from June through December 2005. The group analyzed physical, chemical, and biological water quality parameters from samples taken on China Lake and from tributaries flowing into the lake. An analysis of land use patterns, especially the impact of residential, commercial, municipal, and institutional development in this watershed, enabled CEAT to study their impact on water quality trends. Data collected by CEAT in 2005 were compared to historic data from the Maine Department of Environmental Protection (MDEP) to gain a historical perspective …
Shoreline Survey Pictures Group 2, Colby Environmental Assessment Team, Colby College, Problems In Environmental Science Course (Biology 493), Colby College
Shoreline Survey Pictures Group 2, Colby Environmental Assessment Team, Colby College, Problems In Environmental Science Course (Biology 493), Colby College
Colby College Watershed Study: China Lake (2005, 1989)
No abstract provided.
Rachel Road Survey Pictures Group 8, Colby Environmental Assessment Team, Colby College, Problems In Environmental Science Course (Biology 493), Colby College
Rachel Road Survey Pictures Group 8, Colby Environmental Assessment Team, Colby College, Problems In Environmental Science Course (Biology 493), Colby College
Colby College Watershed Study: China Lake (2005, 1989)
No abstract provided.
Greg Road Survey Pictures, Colby Environmental Assessment Team, Colby College, Problems In Environmental Science Course (Biology 493), Colby College
Greg Road Survey Pictures, Colby Environmental Assessment Team, Colby College, Problems In Environmental Science Course (Biology 493), Colby College
Colby College Watershed Study: China Lake (2005, 1989)
No abstract provided.
Stream Pictures, Colby Environmental Assessment Team, Colby College, Problems In Environmental Science Course (Biology 493), Colby College
Stream Pictures, Colby Environmental Assessment Team, Colby College, Problems In Environmental Science Course (Biology 493), Colby College
Colby College Watershed Study: China Lake (2005, 1989)
No abstract provided.
Ethan's Land Use Photos, Colby Environmental Assessment Team, Colby College, Problems In Environmental Science Course (Biology 493), Colby College
Ethan's Land Use Photos, Colby Environmental Assessment Team, Colby College, Problems In Environmental Science Course (Biology 493), Colby College
Colby College Watershed Study: China Lake (2005, 1989)
No abstract provided.
China Lake Ejbg Road Survey Pictures, Colby Environmental Assessment Team, Colby College, Problems In Environmental Science Course (Biology 493), Colby College
China Lake Ejbg Road Survey Pictures, Colby Environmental Assessment Team, Colby College, Problems In Environmental Science Course (Biology 493), Colby College
Colby College Watershed Study: China Lake (2005, 1989)
No abstract provided.
China Lake Asjb Road Survey Pictures 2005-2006, Colby Environmental Assessment Team, Colby College, Problems In Environmental Science Course (Biology 493), Colby College
China Lake Asjb Road Survey Pictures 2005-2006, Colby Environmental Assessment Team, Colby College, Problems In Environmental Science Course (Biology 493), Colby College
Colby College Watershed Study: China Lake (2005, 1989)
No abstract provided.