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Articles 61 - 75 of 75
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Sex And The Single Weed: Connecting Floral And Genetic Diversity In Purple Loosestrife, Lythrum Salicaria, Maia F. Bailey
Sex And The Single Weed: Connecting Floral And Genetic Diversity In Purple Loosestrife, Lythrum Salicaria, Maia F. Bailey
Maia F. Bailey
No abstract provided.
Comparison Of Plant Growth-Promotion With Pseudomonas Aeruginosa And Bacillus Subtilis In Three Vegetables, A. O. Adesemoye, M. Obini, E. O. Ugoji
Comparison Of Plant Growth-Promotion With Pseudomonas Aeruginosa And Bacillus Subtilis In Three Vegetables, A. O. Adesemoye, M. Obini, E. O. Ugoji
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
Our objective was to compare some plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) properties of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as representatives of their two genera. Solanum lycopersicum L. (tomato), Abelmoschus esculentus (okra), and Amaranthus sp. (African spinach) were inoculated with the bacterial cultures. At 60 days after planting, dry biomass for plants treated with B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa increased 31% for tomato, 36% and 29% for okra, and 83% and 40% for African spinach respectively over the non-bacterized control. Considering all the parameters tested, there were similarities but no significant difference at P < 0.05 between the overall performances of the two organisms.
Inoculation Strategies To Assess Biological Interactions Between Fusarium And Alternaria Species Infecting Sorghum, Deanna L. Funnell-Harris, Jeffrey F. Pedersen
Inoculation Strategies To Assess Biological Interactions Between Fusarium And Alternaria Species Infecting Sorghum, Deanna L. Funnell-Harris, Jeffrey F. Pedersen
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
New cultivars of sorghum are being developed for increased food use, as livestock feed, and for the bioenergy industry by manipulation of secondary metabolic pathways through breeding. Previous work has suggested that such modifications may have an impact on cultivar response to fungal pathogens. We investigated four inoculation strategies that may be used in studies involving pathogens of sorghum. Plants of elite sorghum genotypes ‘Wheatland’ and RTx430, commonly used in breeding programs, were inoculated with isolates of Alternaria alternata, Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium thapsinum, and Fusarium verticillioides recovered from field-grown sorghum. Wound inoculation of the peduncles …
An Immunofluorescence Assay To Detect Urediniospores Of Phakopsora Pachyrhizi, Fulya Baysal-Gurel, Melanie L. Lewis Ivey, Anne E. Dorrance, Douglas Luster, Reid Frederick, Jill Czarnecki, Michael J. Boehm, Sally A. Miller
An Immunofluorescence Assay To Detect Urediniospores Of Phakopsora Pachyrhizi, Fulya Baysal-Gurel, Melanie L. Lewis Ivey, Anne E. Dorrance, Douglas Luster, Reid Frederick, Jill Czarnecki, Michael J. Boehm, Sally A. Miller
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
An indirect immunofluorescence spore assay (IFSA) was developed to detect urediniospores of Phakopsora pachyrhizi, utilizing rabbit polyclonal antisera produced in response to intact nongerminated (SBR1A) or germinated (SBR2) urediniospores of P. pachyrhizi. Both antisera were specific to Phakopsora spp. and did not react with other common soybean pathogens or healthy soybean leaf tissue in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). SBR1A and SBR2 bound to P. pachyrhizi and P. meibomiae urediniospores were detected with goat anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 488-tagged antiserum using a Leica DM IRB epifluorescent microscope with an I3 blue filter (excitation 450 to 490 nm, emission 515 nm). The …
Rapid Development Of Fungicide Resistance By Sclerotinia Homoeocarpa On Turfgrass, Young-Ki Jo, Seog Won Chang, Michael J. Boehm, Geunhwa Jung
Rapid Development Of Fungicide Resistance By Sclerotinia Homoeocarpa On Turfgrass, Young-Ki Jo, Seog Won Chang, Michael J. Boehm, Geunhwa Jung
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
Dollar spot, caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa, is the most prevalent and economically important turfgrass disease in North America. Increasing levels of fungicide resistance, coupled with tightening environmental scrutiny of existing fungicides, has left fewer options for managing dollar spot. More knowledge about S. homoeocarpa populations is needed to improve dollar spot management strategies, especially with respect to minimizing the development of fungicide resistance. Population diversity of S. homoeocarpa was examined using inter-simple sequence repeat markers and vegetative compatibility assays. Two subgroups were found in S. homoeocarpa field populations on both fairway and putting green turfgrass at a research field …
Branching Of Fungal Hyphae: Regulation, Mechanisms And Comparison With Other Branching Systems, Steven D. Harris
Branching Of Fungal Hyphae: Regulation, Mechanisms And Comparison With Other Branching Systems, Steven D. Harris
Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications
The ability of rapidly growing hyphae to generate new polarity axes that result in the formation of a branch represents one of the most important yet least understood aspects of fungal cell biology. Branching is central to the development of mycelial colonies and also appears to play a key role in fungal interactions with other organisms. This review presents a description of the two major patterns of hyphal branching, apical and lateral, and highlights the roles of internal and external factors in the induction of branch formation. In addition, potential mechanisms underlying branch site selection are outlined, and the possible …
New And Current Microbiological Tools For Ecosystem Ecologists: Towards A Goal Of Linking Structure And Function, Rebecca E. Drenovsky, Kevin P. Ferris, Katharine M. Batten, Krassimira Hristova
New And Current Microbiological Tools For Ecosystem Ecologists: Towards A Goal Of Linking Structure And Function, Rebecca E. Drenovsky, Kevin P. Ferris, Katharine M. Batten, Krassimira Hristova
Biology
Interest in the relationships between soil microbial communities and ecosystem functions is growing with increasing recognition of the key roles microorganisms play in a variety of ecosystems. With a wealth of microbial methods now available, selecting the most appropriate method can be daunting, especially to those new to the field of microbial ecology. In this review, we highlight those methods currently used and most applicable to ecological studies, including assays to study various aspects of the carbon and nitrogen cycles (e.g., pool dilution, acetylene reduction, enzyme analyses, among others), methods to assess microbial community composition (e.g., phospholipid fatty acid analysis …
Whole-Plant Mineral Partitioning Throughout The Life Cycle In Arabidopsis Thaliana Ecotypes Columbia, Landsberg Erecta, Cape Verde Islands, And The Mutant Line Ysl1ysl3, Brian M. Waters, Michael A. Grusak
Whole-Plant Mineral Partitioning Throughout The Life Cycle In Arabidopsis Thaliana Ecotypes Columbia, Landsberg Erecta, Cape Verde Islands, And The Mutant Line Ysl1ysl3, Brian M. Waters, Michael A. Grusak
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
Minimal information exists on whole-plant dynamics of mineral flow through Arabidopsis thaliana or on the source tissues responsible for mineral export to developing seeds. Understanding these phenomena in a model plant could help in the development of nutritionally enhanced crop cultivars. A whole-plant partitioning study, using sequential harvests, was conducted to characterize growth and mineral concentrations and contents of rosettes, cauline leaves, stems, immature fruit, mature fruit hulls, and seeds of three WT lines (Col-0, Ler, and Cvi) and one mutant line (Col-0::ysl1ysl3). Shoot mineral content increased throughout the life cycle for all minerals, although tissue-specific …
Registration Of ‘Darrell’ Wheat, A. M. H. Ibrahim, S. D. Haley, P. S. Baenziger, Y. Jin, M. A. C. Langham, J. Rickertsen, S. Kalsbeck, R. Little, J. Ingemansen, O. K. Chung, B. W. Seabourn, G. H. Bai, Ming-Shun Chen, D. V. Mcvey
Registration Of ‘Darrell’ Wheat, A. M. H. Ibrahim, S. D. Haley, P. S. Baenziger, Y. Jin, M. A. C. Langham, J. Rickertsen, S. Kalsbeck, R. Little, J. Ingemansen, O. K. Chung, B. W. Seabourn, G. H. Bai, Ming-Shun Chen, D. V. Mcvey
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
‘Darrell’ (Reg. No. CV-1024, PI 644224) hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed by the South Dakota State University–Agricultural Experiment Station and released in 2006 to seed producers by the South Dakota State University–Agricultural Experiment Station and the University of Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station. Darrell was selected from the cross 2076-W12-11/‘Karl 92’ (PI 564245)//NE89526. NE89526 is an experimental line from the University of Nebraska with the pedigree ‘Lancota’ (CI 17389) selection/’Siouxland’ (PI 483469)//TX792729. 2076-W12-11 is an unreleased experimental line that originated from a population with an unidentified pedigree. Darrell was selected as an F3:4 line in 1998 …
The Small Glycine-Rich Rna Binding Protein Atgrp7 Promotes Floral Transition In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Corinna Streitner, Selahattin Danisman, Franziska Wehrle, Jan C. Schoning, James R. Alfano, Dorothee Staiger
The Small Glycine-Rich Rna Binding Protein Atgrp7 Promotes Floral Transition In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Corinna Streitner, Selahattin Danisman, Franziska Wehrle, Jan C. Schoning, James R. Alfano, Dorothee Staiger
Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty and Staff Publications
The RNA binding protein AtGRP7 is part of a circadian slave oscillator in Arabidopsis thaliana that negatively autoregulates its own mRNA, and affects the levels of other transcripts. Here, we identify a novel role for AtGRP7 as a flowering-time gene. An atgrp7-1 T-DNA mutant flowers later than wild-type plants under both long and short days, and independent RNA interference lines with reduced levels of AtGRP7, and the closely related AtGRP8 protein, are also late flowering, particularly in short photoperiods. Consistent with the retention of a photoperiodic response, the transcript encoding the key photoperiodic regulator CONSTANS oscillates with a similar pattern …
Anther Appendages Of Incarvillea Trigger A Pollen-Dispensing Mechanism, Yi Han, Can Dai, Chun-Feng Yang, Qing-Feng Wang, Timothy J. Motley
Anther Appendages Of Incarvillea Trigger A Pollen-Dispensing Mechanism, Yi Han, Can Dai, Chun-Feng Yang, Qing-Feng Wang, Timothy J. Motley
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Background and Aims Anther appendages play diverse roles in anther dehiscence and pollen dispersal. This study aims to explore the pollen-dispensing mechanism triggered by special anther appendages in Incarvillea arguta.
Methods Field studies were conducted to record floral characteristics, pollinator visitations, and flower-pollinator interactions. Measurements of flowers and pollinators were analysed statistically. Pollen counts following a series of floral manipulations were used to evaluate pollen dispensing efficiency and function of the anther appendages.
Key Results Field observations determined that two species of Bombus (bumble-bees) were the primary pollinators of I. arguta with a mean visiting frequency of 1.42 visitations …
Quantitative-Genetic Variation In Morphological And Physiological Traits Within A Quaking Aspen (Populus Tremuloides) Population, Megan K. Kanaga, Ronald J. Ryel, Karen E. Mock, Michael E. Pfrender
Quantitative-Genetic Variation In Morphological And Physiological Traits Within A Quaking Aspen (Populus Tremuloides) Population, Megan K. Kanaga, Ronald J. Ryel, Karen E. Mock, Michael E. Pfrender
Wildland Resources Faculty Publications
Genetic diversity within populations is an important component of adaptive evolution, and recent research has demonstrated that genetic variation within plant populations can have important ecological effects. In this study, we investigate quantitative-genetic variation in several traits within a quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) population. A common garden experiment was planted with replicates of 13 aspen genotypes collected from wet and dry sites within a population in southern Utah, USA. Ten growth, leaf, physiological, and structural traits were measured. There were significant, heritable phenotypic differences among genotypes in every measured trait and differences in 4 of the 10 traits among …
Algae In Agricultural Fields From St. Francis County, Arkansas, T. Smith
Algae In Agricultural Fields From St. Francis County, Arkansas, T. Smith
Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science
On August 9th, 2007, two agriculture fields (rice and sorghum fields) were sampled for freshwater algae in St. Francis County. The purpose of this study was to document the algal species in the rice and sorghum fields and compare the similarities of species composition. There were a total of 53 species identified. Overall, diatoms and cyanobacteria were equally dominant with both represented by 21 species (39.6% of the total) and 11 green algal species (20.8%) were present. The sorghum field was dominated by Chlorogloeopsis fritschii and Chroococcus limneticus, while Anabeana cylindrica was abundant in the rice field.
Microspore Wall Morphogenesis And Orbicule Ultrastructure Of Isoetes, Khalid Alarid
Microspore Wall Morphogenesis And Orbicule Ultrastructure Of Isoetes, Khalid Alarid
Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations
The microspore wall morphogenesis and orbicule ultrastructure of Isoetes were studied using electron microscopy. Microspore wall morphogenesis in five species of Isoetes (I. appalachiana, I. engelmannii, I. hyemalis, I. piedmontana, and an undescribed species from York Co., VA, USA) was studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Results show that they generally have the same developmental stages in terms of microspore wall morphogenesis. The mature microspore wall consisted of four layers: perispore, paraexospore, exospore and endospore. Paraexospore formation began during the tetrad stage. The exospore was then formed between the paraexospore and the plasma membrane. During the free spore …
Biology Of The Epichloë-Botanophila Interaction: An Intriguing Association Between Fungi And Insects, Thomas L. Bultman, Adrian Leuchtmann
Biology Of The Epichloë-Botanophila Interaction: An Intriguing Association Between Fungi And Insects, Thomas L. Bultman, Adrian Leuchtmann
Thomas L. Bultman
Epichloë fungi (Ascomycota: Clavicipitaceae) are endophytes of grasses that can produce epiphytic stromata on the culms of their hosts. The fungal stromata are visited by Botanophila flies for feeding and egg laying. We review research over the past 20 years that has documented the heterothallic mating system of Epichloë, the mutualistic service of spermatization flies provide for the fungus, and host selection by flies. Flies display an active, stereotypical behavior immediately following oviposition by which spermatia are transferred endozoochorously to stromata. After eggs hatch larvae feed on developing perithecia. Several studies have focused on the cost (consumption of ascospores) to …