Life Sciences Commons^™

Joint Fire Science Program – Lake Mead National Recreation Area: Revegetating Burned Arid Lands: Identifying Successful Native Species Using Trait And Competition Analysis, Quarterly Progress Report, October 1, 2007 To December 31, 2007, Margaret N. Rees

Fire Science

The task agreement was awarded to UNLV on October 1, 2007. This report covers the period October 1, 2007 to December 31, 2007. The following activities have been conducted toward meeting or exceeding deliverables in the statement of work: hiring and project start and experimental set-up

Detecting Shifts In Soil Microbial Community Structure And Function Post Landspread Of Manure Or Biosolids Containing Antimicrobial Chemicals, Kelly Lehnert, Sharon A. Clay, Susan Gibson, Volker Brozel

Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Faculty Publications

Soil microbial diversity and community interaction play an indispensable role in 2,4-dichorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide degradation. The addition of manure or municipal waste biosolids through landspreading may alter soil community structure and function if these materials contain antimicrobial chemicals like chlortetracycline (CTC), administered in livestock feed to promote animal growth and health or tetracycline (TET) utilized in human health. In this study, soil applied with manure collected from pigs fed standard CTC levels was compared to soil containing manure from control pigs fed no CTC, and a comparison of soil applied with biosolids containing TET or without TET to distinguish …

Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus Lacking Helper Component-Proteinase Is Competent To Produce Disease Synergism In Double Infections With Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus, Drake C. Stenger, Brock A. Young, Feng Qu, Thomas Jack Morris, Roy French

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

The tritimovirus Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and the machlomovirus Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) each cause systemic chlorosis in infected maize plants. Infection of maize with both viruses produces corn lethal necrosis disease (CLND). Here, we report that complete deletion of the WSMV helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro) coding region had no effect on induction of CLND symptoms following coinoculation of maize with WSMV and MCMV. We further demonstrated that elevation of virus titers in double infections, relative to single infections, also was independent of WSMV HC-Pro. Thus, unlike potyvirus HC-Pro, WSMV HC-Pro was dispensable for disease synergism. Because disease synergism …

Comparative Chloroplast Genomics: Analyses Including New Sequences From The Angiosperms Nuphar Advena And Ranunculus Macranthus, Linda A. Raubeson, Rhiannon Peery, Timothy W. Chumley, Chris Dziubek, H. Matthew Fourcade, Jeffrey L. Boore, Robert K. Jansen

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

Background

The number of completely sequenced plastid genomes available is growing rapidly. This array of sequences presents new opportunities to perform comparative analyses. In comparative studies, it is often useful to compare across wide phylogenetic spans and, within angiosperms, to include representatives from basally diverging lineages such as the genomes reported here: Nuphar advena (from a basal-most lineage) and Ranunculus macranthus (a basal eudicot). We report these two new plastid genome sequences and make comparisons (within angiosperms, seed plants, or all photosynthetic lineages) to evaluate features such as the status of ycf15 and ycf68 as protein coding genes, the distribution …

Pseudomonas Avr And Hop Proteins, Their Encoding Nucleic Acids, And Use Thereof, James R. Alfano, Alan Collmer, Samuel W. Cartinhour, David J. Schneider

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

One aspect of the present invention relates to isolated nucleic acid molecules encoding avirulence proteins or polypeptides of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae DC 3000, or nucleic acid moleculues which are complementary thereto. Expression vectors, host cells, and transgenic plants which include the DNA molecules of the present invention are also disclosed. Another aspect relates to the isolated proteins or polypeptides and compositions containing the same. The various nucleic acid molecules and proteins of the present invention can be used to impart disease resistance to a plant, make a plant hypersusceptible to colonization by nonpathogenic bacteria, modify a metabolic pathway in …

Atamasco Lily, Zephyranthes Atamasca, W. John Hayden

Biology Faculty Publications

Simple and pure, Atamasco lilies were among the first of many beautiful wildflowers to be noticed by the Jamestown colonists as they explored the tidewater region of southeastern Virginia. A perennial herb that grows from a subterranean bulb, the leaves are glossy green, linear, flat to somewhat concave, up to one half inch wide and approximately one foot in length. The species name, atamasca, is attributed to Tapehanek words meaning under grass, in reference to the location of the bulb under grass-like leaves. Overall the plant is rather grass-like. Flowers are erect to slightly inclined. As in many lilies, …

Zephyr Lilies: Simple Beauty Belies Complex Biology, W. John Hayden

Biology Faculty Publications

It is often thus, the best in art appears effortless; the most compelling science, once understood, seems obvious. But talk at length with any artist or scientist and you will learn that what appears simple is actually the culmination of a great deal of work. Zephyr, or Jamestown, lilies are like that, too. These seemingly simple flowers are merely the elegant end product of some very complex underlying biology, the details of which are imperfectly understood.

Mid-Spring Burning Reduces Spotted Knapweed And Increases Native Grasses During A Michigan Experimental Grassland Establishment, Neil W. Macdonald, Brian T. Scull, Scott R. Abella

Peer Reviewed Publications

The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com Infestations of the exotic perennial Spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa Lam.) hinder the restoration and management of native ecosystems on droughty, infertile sites throughout the Midwestern United States. We studied the effects of annual burning on knapweed persistence on degraded, knapweed-infested gravel-mine spoils in western Michigan. Our experiment included 48, 4-m² plots seeded to native warm-season grasses in 1999 using a factorial arrangement of initial herbicide and fertility treatments. Beginning in 2003, we incorporated fire as an additional factor and burned half of the plots in late April or May for three …

A Pseudomonas Syringae Pv. Tomato Dc3000 Mutant Lacking The Type Iii Effector Hopq1-1 Is Able To Cause Disease In The Model Plant Nicotiana Benthamiana, Chia-Fong Wei, Brian H. Kvitko, Rena Shimizu, Emerson Crabill, James R. Alfano, Nai-Chun Lin, Gregory B. Martin, Hsiou-Chen Huang, Alan Collmer

Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty and Staff Publications

The model pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 causes bacterial speck in tomato and Arabidopsis, but Nicotiana benthamiana, an important model plant, is considered to be a non-host. Strain DC3000 injects approximately 28 effector proteins into plant cells via the type III secretion system (T3SS). These proteins were individually delivered into N. benthamiana leaf cells via T3SS-proficient Pseudomonas fluorescens, and eight, including HopQ1-1, showed some capacity to cause cell death in this test. Four gene clusters encoding 13 effectors were deleted from DC3000: cluster II (hopH1, hopC1), IV (hopD1, hopQ1-1, hopR1), IX (hopAA1-2, hopV1, hopAO1, hopG1), and native plasmid pDC3000A …

Crop Updates 2007 - Weeds, Alexandra Douglas, Peter Newman, Sally Peltzer, Abul Hashem, Aik Cheam, Siew Lee, Natalie Maguire, Michael Walsh, Dan Cornally, Matt Willis, Glen Riethmuller, Shahab Pathan, Michael Renton, Art Diggle, Mechelle Owen, Stephen Powles, Roberto Busi, Robert Barrett-Lennard, Andrew Storrie, David Minkey, Craig A. Ruchs, Peter Boutsalis, Catherine Borger, Nerys Wilkins, Julie Roche, Martin Harries, John Peirce, Brad Rayner, John Moore, Ray Fulwood, Chris Roberts, Paul Matson, Bob French, Laurie Maiolo, Lorne Mills, Harmohinder Dhammu, Ben Tan, Vince Lambert, Chris Roberts, Vanessa Stewart

Crop Updates

This session covers thirty two papers from different authors:

1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS, Alexandra Douglas CONVENOR – WEEDS DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND FOOD

WILD RADISH MANAGEMENT

2. Decimate a wild radish seed bank in five years, Peter Newman, Sally Peltzer, Abul Hashem and Aik Cheam, Department of Agriculture and Food

3. High level of seed-set control in wild radish is achievable, Aik Cheam and Siew Lee,Department of Agriculture and Food

4. Wild radish: Best management practice, Aik Cheam and Siew Lee, Department of Agriculture and Food

5. Control of phenoxy resistant wild radish through the combined effects of wheat …

Crop Updates 2007 - Cereals, R. Loughman, R. Lance, I. Barclay, G. Crosbie, S. Harasymow, W. Lambe, C. Li, R. Mclean, C. Moore, K. Stefanova, A. Tarr, R. Wilson, Matu Peipi, Matt Whiting, Christine Zaicou, Shahajahan Miyan, Brenda Shackley, Len J. Wade, Lindsay W. Bell, Felicity Byrne (Nee Flugge), Mike A. Ewing, Blakely Paynter, Andrea Hills, Raj Malik, Kelly Winfield, Harmohinder Dhammu, Vince Lambert, Chris Roberts, Jeromy Lemon, Geoff Thomas, Ian Hartley, Andrew Taylor, Manisha Shankar, John Majewski, Vivien Vanstone, Brenda Coutts, Monica Kehoe, Roger Jones, Geoffrey Dwyer, Belinda Welsh, Cuiping Wang, Linda Price

Crop Updates

This session covers twenty six papers from different authors:

CEREAL BREEDING

1. Strategies for aligning producer and market imperatives in cereal breeding in Western Australia, R. Loughman, R. Lance, I. Barclay, G. Crosbie, S. Harasymow, W. Lambe, C. Li, R. McLean, C. Moore, K. Stefanova, A. Tarr and R. Wilson, Department of Agriculture and Food

2. LongReach plant breeders wheat variety trials – 2006, Matu Peipi and Matt Whiting, LongReach Plant Breeders

WHEAT AGRONOMY

3. Response of wheat varieties to sowing time in the northern agricultural region in 2006, Christine Zaicou, Department of Agriculture and Food

4. Response …

Crop Updates 2007 - Lupins, Pulses And Oilseeds, Mark Seymour, Jacinta Falconer, Ian Pritchard, Rodger Beermier, Wayne Parker, Martin Harries, Kedar Adhikari, Geoff Thomas, Peter White, Bevan Burichell, Mike Baker, Bob French, Jo Walker, Laurie Maiolo, Leigh Smith, Mark Sweetingham, Lorne Mills, Harmohinder Dhammu, Ben Tang, Qifu Ma, Zed Rengel, Bill Bowden, Ross Brennan, Reg Lunt, Tim Hilder, Tim Maling, A. Diggle, D. Thackray, R. A.C. Jones, K. H.M. Siddique, Vijay Jayasena, Leonardus Kardono, Ken Quail, Ranil Coorey, Hannah Williams, Don Elani Jayawardena, Kerry Regan, Rod Hunter, Tanveer Khan, Jenny Garlinge, Heather Clarke, W. Macleod, S. Morgan, A. Harris, Alan Meldrum, Helen Bowers, A. Bakr, Phillip Chambers, Chris Veitch, Tony Leonforte, Pam Burgess, Leanne Young, Brenda Coutts, Donna O'Keefe, Rhonda Pearce, Monica Kehoe, Terri Jasper, Tim Pope, Michael Materne, Ping Si, Mike Walsh, H. H. T. Phan, S. R. Ellwood, J. Hane, A. Williams, R. Ford, S. Thomas, R. Oliver, Katie Robinson, Mohammad Amjad, Graham Walton, Pat Fels, Andy Sutherland, Imma Farre, Michael Robertson, Senthold Asseng3, Ravjit Khangura, Moin Salam

Crop Updates

This session covers forty eight papers from different authors:

2006 REGIONAL ROUNDUP

1. South east agricultural region, Mark Seymour¹ and Jacinta Falconer², ¹Department of Agriculture and Food, ²Cooperative Bulk Handling Group

2. Central agricultural region, Ian Pritchard, Department of Agriculture and Food

3. Great Southern and Lakes region, Rodger Beermier, Department of Agriculture and Food

4. Northern agricultural region, Wayne Parker and Martin Harries, Department of Agriculture and Food

LUPINS

5. Development of anthracnose resistant and early flowering albus lupins (Lupinus albus L) in Western Australia, Kedar Adhikari and Geoff Thomas, Department of …

Crop Updates 2007 - Farming Systems, David Jeffries, A. Loi, B. J. Nutt, C. K. Revell, Yvette Oliver, Michael Robertson, Bill Bowden, Kit Leake, Ashley Bonser, Ian Maling, Bindi Isbister, Garren Knell, Alison Slade, David Stephens, Michael Meuleners, David Beard, Nicolyn Short, Rob Grima, Ingrid Richardson, Ruhi Ferdowsian, Geoff Bee, David Evans, Bob Gilkes, Senthold Asseng, Jim Dixon, Felicity Byrne, Mike Ewing, Dennis Van Gool, Louise Barton, Ralf Kiese, David Gatter, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Renee Buck, Christoph Hinz, Daniel Murphy, Cameron Weeks, Meredith Fairbanks, John Peirce, Brad Rayner, Sandy White, Paul Damon, Qifa Ma, Zed Rengel, Ed Barrett-Lennard, Meir Altman, Tracey M. Gianatti, Lindsay Bell, Ben Webb, Caroline Peek, Paul Sanford, Paul Blackwell, Glen Riethmuller, Darshan Sharma, Mike Collins, Frank D'Emden, David Hall, G. P. Manango, D. L. Steverson, Vanessa Stewart, Julie Roche, Peter Rutherford, Imma Farré, Ian Foster, Stephen Charles, Frances Hoyle, N. Milton, M. Osman, L. K. Abbott, W. R. Cookson, S. Darmawanto, Rob Sands, David Mccarthy, Paul Carmody, J. Russell, J. Eyres, G. Fosbery, A. Roe, Phil Nichols, Andrew Bathgate, Anne Wilkins

Crop Updates

This session covers forty papers from different authors:

1. Quality Assurance and industry stewardship, David Jeffries, Better Farm IQ Manager, Cooperative Bulk Handling

2. Sothis: Trifolium dasyurum (Eastern Star clover), A. Loi, B.J. Nutt and C.K. Revell, Department of Agriculture and Food

3. Poor performing patches of the paddock – to ameliorate or live with low yield? Yvette Oliver¹, Michael Robertson¹, Bill Bowden², Kit Leake³and Ashley Bonser³, CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems¹, Department of Food and Agriculture², Kellerberrin Farmer³

4. What evidence is there that …

Are Hawkmoths The Mysterious Pollinators Of The Jamestown Lily?, W. John Hayden

Biology Faculty Publications

“Hawkmoth flowers are easy to predict but difficult to document,” noted botanist Verne Grant in his comprehensive review of hawkmoth pollination systems in North America (Botanical Gazette 144: 439-449. 1983). Grant included Jamestown (atamasco) lilies (among other zephyr lily species) as examples of plants that are probably hawkmoth- pollinated, but for which the actual pollination mechanism remains undocumented.

A Strong Constitutive Ethylene-Response Phenotype Conferred On Arabidopsis Plants Containing Null Mutations In The Ethylene Receptors Etr1 And Ers1, Xiang Qu, Brenda P. Hall, Zhiyong Gao, G. Eric Schaller

Dartmouth Scholarship

The ethylene receptor family of Arabidopsis consists of five members, falling into two subfamilies. Subfamily 1 is composed of ETR1 and ERS1, and subfamily 2 is composed of ETR2, ERS2, and EIN4. Although mutations have been isolated in the genes encoding all five family members, the only previous insertion allele of ERS1 (ers1-2) is a partial loss-of-function mutation based on our analysis. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of signaling mediated by subfamily-1 ethylene receptors through isolation and characterization of null mutations.

Association Of Ergot Alkaloids With Conidiation In Aspergillus Fumigatus, Christine M. Coyle, Shawn C. Kenaley, William R. Rittenour, Daniel G. Panaccione

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Ergot alkaloids are mycotoxins that affect the nervous and reproductive systems of exposed individuals through interactions with monoamine receptors. They have been studied more widely in ergot fungi and grass endophytes but also are found in Aspergillus fumigatus, an opportunistic human pathogen that reproduces and disseminates exclusively through conidia. The ergot alkaloids festuclavine and fumigaclavines A, B and C are present in or on conidia of A. fumigatus. Cultures of the fungus that are free of conidia are difficult to obtain, obscuring comparisons of conidia versus vegetative hyphae as sources of the ergot alkaloids. To create conidiation-deficient strains of A. …

Expression Analysis Of Rice Defense-Related Genes In Turfgrass In Response To Magnaporthe Grisea, Young-Ki Jo, Guo-Liang Wang, Michael J. Boehm

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Magnaporthe grisea (anamorph = Pyricularia grisea) causes blast on rice (Oryza sativa) and gray leaf spot on turfgrass. Gray leaf spot is a serious disease on St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). Virulence assays performed in this study revealed that M. grisea collected from rice could also cause disease on St. Augustinegrass and tall fescue. One rice isolate, Che86061, caused similar disease reactions on susceptible cultivars of rice and St. Augustinegrass and an incompatible interaction on resistant cultivars of both species. To explore whether …

Genetic Diversity In Populations Of Xanthomonas Campestris Pv. Campestris In Cruciferous Weeds In Central Coastal California, A. Ignatov, A. Sechler, E. L. Schuenzel, I. Agarkova, B. Oliver, A. K. Vidaver, N. W. Schaad

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (X. campestris) infects a large number of cruciferous plants, including weeds. California has one of the largest and most diverse populations of wild cruciferous plants in the world. Although considerable information is available on the genetic diversity of X. campestris in commercial crop plants, nothing is known about the diversity in strains infecting weeds. To assess the genetic diversity among strains of X. campestris in weeds in noncultivated and cultivated areas, strains of the pathogen were isolated from populations of cruciferous weeds growing in coastal valley crop-production sites and from remote nonproduction sites along the …

Response Of Soybean Cultivars To Bean Pod Mottle Virus Infection, Amy D. Ziems, Loren J. Giesler, George L. Graef, Margaret G. Redinbaugh, Jean L. Vacha, Sueann Berry, Laurence V. Madden, Anne E. Dorrance

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) has become increasingly common in soybean throughout the north-central region of the United States. Yield loss assessments on southern soybean germplasm have reported reductions ranging from 3 to 52%. Currently, no soybean cultivars have been identified with resistance to BPMV. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of BPMV infection on soybean cultivars representing a broad range of northern soybean germplasm by comparing inoculated and noninoculated soybean plants in paired row studies. In all, 30 and 24 cultivars were evaluated in Nebraska (NE) in which soybean plants were inoculated at the V3 …

Assessment Of Genetic Diversity In The Usda And Cip-Fao International Nursery Collections Of Quinoa (Chenopodium Quinoa Willd.) Using Microsatellite Markers [Abstract], S. A. Christensen, Donald B. Pratt, C. Pratt, P. T. Nelson, M. R. Stevens, Eric N. Jellen, C. E. Coleman, D. J. Fairbanks, A. Bonifacio, Peter J. Maughan

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

2007 Wildflower Of The Year: Atamasco Lily, Zephyranthes Atamasca, W. John Hayden

Biology Faculty Publications

Atamasco lily is a perennial herb that grows from a subterranean bulb. The bulb is dark, with a short neck and papery tunic formed by remnants of old leaf bases. Leaves are glossy green, linear, flat to somewhat concave, up to one half inch wide, approximately one foot in length and, overall, rather grasslike. When not in flower the plants can be easily overlooked. Flowering stems are leafless scapes that are about as long as the leaves. In crosssection the scapes are hollow. Each scape terminates in a single flower. A few papery bracts subtend the flower stalk where it …

Free-Living Dorylaimid Nematodes From Nature Reserves In Costa Rica. The Genus Pachydorylaimus Siddiqi, 1983, A. Esquivel, P. Guerrero, R. Peña-Santiago, Thomas O. Powers

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

A taxonomic study of three species, two known and one new, belonging to the genus Pachydorylaimus Siddiqi, 1983 from natural areas in Costa Rica is presented. Pachydorylaimus holovachovi sp. n. is described and can be distinguished by its body 0.90-1.00 mm long, lip region 14-17 μm wide, odontostyle 13-15 μm long, odontophore morphology with differentiated hyaline spindle-shaped area surrounding its junction to pharyngeal lining but lacking distinct basal flanges, total stylet length 35- 44 μm, pars refringens vaginae absent, V = 43-47, female tail straight and tapering to an acute tip (57- 78 μm, c = 12.5-15.8, c’ = 2.0-3.0), …

Basa Regulates Cell Wall Organization And Asexual/Sexual Sporulation Ratio In Aspergillus Nidulans, Shaojie Li, Dapeng Bao, Gary Yuen, Steven D. Harris, Ana M. Calvo

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Sphingolipid C4 hydroxylase catalyzes the conversion of dihydrosphingosine to phytosphingosine. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Sur2 is essential for sphingolipid C4 hydroxylation activity but not essential for normal growth. Here we demonstrate that the Aspergillus nidulans Sur2 homolog BasA is also required for phytosphingosine biosynthesis but is also essential for viability. We previously reported that a point missense mutation in basA resulted in aberrant cell wall thickening. Here our data suggest that accumulation of dihydrosphingosine is responsible for this phenotype. In addition, two different mutations in basA consistently accelerated the transition from asexual development to sexual development compared to the wild-type …

Regulation Of Hyphal Morphogenesis By Cdc42 And Rac1 Homologues In Aspergillus Nidulans, Aleksandra Virag, Maurice P. Lee, Haoyu Si, Steven D. Harris

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

The ability of filamentous fungi to form hyphae requires the establishment and maintenance of a stable polarity axis. Based on studies in yeasts and animals, the GTPases Cdc42 and Rac1 are presumed to play a central role in organizing the morphogenetic machinery to enable axis formation and stabilization. Here, we report that Cdc42 (ModA) and Rac1 (RacA) share an overlapping function required for polarity establishment in Aspergillus nidulans. Nevertheless, Cdc42 appears to have a more important role in hyphal morphogenesis in that it alone is required for the timely formation of lateral branches. In addition, we provide genetic evidence …

Fertility Restoration Of The Sorghum A3 Male-Sterile Cytoplasm Through A Sporophytic Mechanism Derived From Sudangrass, Hoang V. Tang, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, Christine D. Chase, Daryl R. Pring

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Fertility restoration of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] lines carrying the IS1112C (A3 group) male-sterile cytoplasm has been documented as a two-gene gametophytic mechanism involving complementary action of restoring alleles designated Rf3 and Rf4, as derived from IS1112C. Fertility restoration capability has also been reported from sudangrass (S. bicolor subsp. drummondii) populations. We describe characteristics of a fertility restoration system derived from sudangrass, in which male-sterile individuals were observed at high frequency in backcross and F2-F3 segregating populations. Segregation analyses were consistent with a sporophytic restoration system involving two complementary genes. Pollen iodine staining in fertile …

Fertility Restoration Of The Sorghum A3 Male-Sterile Cytoplasm Through A Sporophytic Mechanism Derived From Sudangrass, Hoang V. Tang, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, Christine D. Chase, Daryl R. Pring

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Fertility restoration of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] lines carrying the IS1112C (A3 group) male-sterile cytoplasm has been documented as a two-gene gametophytic mechanism involving complementary action of restoring alleles designated Rf3 and Rf4, as derived from IS1112C. Fertility restoration capability has also been reported from sudangrass (S. bicolor subsp. drummondii) populations. We describe characteristics of a fertility restoration system derived from sudangrass, in which male-sterile individuals were observed at high frequency in backcross and F₂-F₃ segregating populations. Segregation analyses were consistent with a sporophytic restoration system involving two complementary genes. Pollen iodine …

Array-Based Genotyping And Expression Analysis Of Barley Cv. Maythorpe And Golden Promise, Harkamal Walia, Clyde Wilson, Pascal Condamine, Abdelbagi M. Ismail, Jin Xu, Xinping Cui, Timothy J. Close

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Background: Golden Promise is a salt-tolerant spring barley closely related to Maythorpe. Salt tolerance in Golden Promise has been attributed to a single mutation at the Ari-e locus (on 5H) resulting from irradiation of Maythorpe. Golden Promise accumulates lower shoot Na⁺ compared to Maythorpe when growing under saline conditions. This study focused on elucidating the genetic basis and mechanisms involved in this difference. Results: The level of polymorphism between the two genotypes was explored using the Barley1 GeneChip for single feature polymorphisms (SFPs) and an oligonucleotide pool assay for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Polymorphism analyses revealed three haplotype blocks …

Nutrient Use Efficiency – Measurement And Management, Achim Dobermann

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Mineral fertilizers have sustained world agriculture and thus global population and wealth growth for more than 100 years (Smil, 2001; Stewart et al., 2005). Th eir contribution to increasing crop yields has spared millions of hectares of natural ecosystems that otherwise would have been converted to agriculture (Balmford et al., 2005). However, lacking, imbalanced, inappropriate or excessive use of nutrients in agricultural systems remains a concern. Nutrient mining is a major cause for low crop yields in parts of the developing world, particularly Africa. In other situations, nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) often move beyond …

Cell Wall Proteome In The Maize Primary Root Elongation Zone. Ii. Region-Specific Changes In Water Soluble And Lightly Ionically Bound Proteins Under Water Deficit1[W][Oa], Jinming Zhu, Sophie Alvarez, Ellen L. Marsh, Mary E. Lenoble, In-Jeong Cho, Mayandi Sivaguru, Sixue Chen, Henry T. Nguyen, Yajun Wu, Daniel P. Schachtman, Robert E. Sharp

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Previous work on the adaptation of maize (Zea mays) primary roots to water deficit showed that cell elongation is maintained preferentially toward the apex, and that this response involves modification of cell wall extension properties. To gain a comprehensive understanding of how cell wall protein (CWP) composition changes in association with the differential growth responses to water deficit in different regions of the elongation zone, a proteomics approach was used to examine water soluble and loosely ionically bound CWPs. The results revealed major and predominantly region-specific changes in protein profiles between well-watered and water-stressed roots. In total, 152 …

Publishing Ltd Whole-Plant Mineral Partitioning Throughout The Life Cycle In Arabidopsis Thaliana Ecotypes Columbia, Landsberg Erecta, Cape Verde Islands, And The Mutant Line Ysl1ysl3, Brian M. Waters, Michael A. Grusak

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

• Minimal information exists on whole-plant dynamics of mineral flow through Arabidopsis thaliana or on the source tissues responsible for mineral export to developing seeds. Understanding these phenomena in a model plant could help in the development of nutritionally enhanced crop cultivars. • A whole-plant partitioning study, using sequential harvests, was conducted to characterize growth and mineral concentrations and contents of rosettes, cauline leaves, stems, immature fruit, mature fruit hulls, and seeds of three WT lines (Col-0, Ler, and Cvi) and one mutant line (Col-0::ysl1ysl3). • Shoot mineral content increased throughout the life cycle for all minerals, although tissue-specific mineral …