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Microbiology

2002

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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Differential Lipid Biosynthesis Underlies A Tradeoff Between Reproduction And Fl Ight Capability In A Wing-Polymorphic Cricket, Zhangwu Zhao, Anthony J. Zera Dec 2002

Differential Lipid Biosynthesis Underlies A Tradeoff Between Reproduction And Fl Ight Capability In A Wing-Polymorphic Cricket, Zhangwu Zhao, Anthony J. Zera

Anthony Zera Publications

The biochemical basis of life-history tradeoffs is a poorly studied aspect of life-history evolution. We used radiotracer and endocrine approaches to investigate the extent to which morphs of a wing-polymorphic insect differ in the biosynthesis of lipid classes important for dispersal capability vs. reproduction (ovarian growth). The flightcapable genotype of Gryllus firmus biosynthesized a greater amount of total lipid and triglyceride (main flight fuel), which was preferentially allocated to somatic tissue during early adulthood. By contrast, the fl ightless genotype biosynthesized a significantly greater amount of phospholipid (important in egg development), which was preferentially allocated to ovaries. Topical application of …

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Evidence For An Epigenetic Mechanism By Which Hsp90 Acts As A Capacitor For Morphological Evolution, Vincent E. Sollars, Xiangyi Lu, Li Xiao, Xiaoyan Wang, Mark D. Garfinkel, Douglas M. Ruden Dec 2002

Evidence For An Epigenetic Mechanism By Which Hsp90 Acts As A Capacitor For Morphological Evolution, Vincent E. Sollars, Xiangyi Lu, Li Xiao, Xiaoyan Wang, Mark D. Garfinkel, Douglas M. Ruden

Biochemistry and Microbiology

Morphological alterations have been shown to occur in Drosophila melanogaster when function of Hsp90 (heat shock 0-kDa protein 1α, encoded by Hsp83) is compromised during development1. Genetic selection maintains the altered phenotypes in subsequent generations1. Recent experiments have shown, however, that phenotypic variation still occurs in nearly isogenic recombinant inbred strains of Arabidopsis thaliana2. Using a sensitized isogenic D. melanogaster strain, iso-KrIf-1, we confirm this finding and present evidence supporting an epigenetic mechanism for Hsp90’s capacitor function, whereby reduced activity of Hsp90 induces a heritably altered chromatin state. The altered chromatin state is evidenced by ectopic expression …

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Electricity Production By Geobacter Sulfurreducens Attached To Electrodes, Daniel R. Bond, Derek Lovley Dec 2002

Electricity Production By Geobacter Sulfurreducens Attached To Electrodes, Daniel R. Bond, Derek Lovley

Derek Lovley

Previous studies have suggested that members of the Geobacteraceae can use electrodes as electron acceptors for anaerobic respiration. In order to better understand this electron transfer process for energy production, Geobacter sulfurreducens was inoculated into chambers in which a graphite electrode served as the sole electron acceptor and acetate or hydrogen was the electron donor. The electron-accepting electrodes were maintained at oxidizing potentials by connecting them to similar electrodes in oxygenated medium (fuel cells) or to potentiostats that poised electrodes at +0.2 V versus an Ag/AgCl reference electrode (poised potential). When a small inoculum of G. sulfurreducens was introduced into …

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Shar-Pei Mediates Cell Proliferation Arrest During Imaginal Disc Growth In Drosophila, Madhuri Kango-Singh, Riitta Nolo, Chunyao Tao, Patrik Verstreken, P. Robin Hiesinger, Hugo J. Bellen, Georg Halder Dec 2002

Shar-Pei Mediates Cell Proliferation Arrest During Imaginal Disc Growth In Drosophila, Madhuri Kango-Singh, Riitta Nolo, Chunyao Tao, Patrik Verstreken, P. Robin Hiesinger, Hugo J. Bellen, Georg Halder

Biology Faculty Publications

During animal development, organ size is determined primarily by the amount of cell proliferation, which must be tightly regulated to ensure the generation of properly proportioned organs. However, little is known about the molecular pathways that direct cells to stop proliferating when an organ has attained its proper size. We have identified mutations in a novel gene, shar-pei, that is required for proper termination of cell proliferation during Drosophila imaginal disc development. Clones of shar-pei mutant cells in imaginal discs produce enlarged tissues containing more cells of normal size. We show that this phenotype is the result of both …

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The Cd154/Cd40 Interaction Required For Retrovirus-Induced Murine Immunodeficiency Syndrome Is Not Mediated By Upregulation Of The Cd80/Cd86 Costimulatory Molecules, Kathy A. Green, W. James Cook, Arlene H. Sharpe, William R. Green Nov 2002

The Cd154/Cd40 Interaction Required For Retrovirus-Induced Murine Immunodeficiency Syndrome Is Not Mediated By Upregulation Of The Cd80/Cd86 Costimulatory Molecules, Kathy A. Green, W. James Cook, Arlene H. Sharpe, William R. Green

Dartmouth Scholarship

C57BL/6 (B6) mice infected with LP-BM5 retroviruses develop disease, including an immunodeficiency similar to AIDS. This disease, murine AIDS (MAIDS), is inhibited by in vivo anti-CD154 monoclonal antibody treatment. The similar levels of insusceptibility of CD40−/− and CD154−/− B6 mice indicate that CD154/CD40 molecular interactions are required for MAIDS. CD4+ T and B cells, respectively, provide the CD154 and CD40 expression needed for MAIDS induction. Here, the required CD154/CD40 interaction is shown to be independent of CD80 and CD86 expression: CD80/CD86−/− B6 mice develop MAIDS after LP-BM5 infection.

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Leiomyosarcoma Presenting As A Spontaneously Ruptured Renal Tumor-Case Report, Mohammad Moazzam, M Hammad Ather, Akber S. Hussainy Nov 2002

Leiomyosarcoma Presenting As A Spontaneously Ruptured Renal Tumor-Case Report, Mohammad Moazzam, M Hammad Ather, Akber S. Hussainy

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Background:
Ruptured renal neoplasms can be a catastrophic clinical presentation. Angiomyolipoma is the commonest renal tumor which presents in this fashion. Renal sarcomas are rare renal neoplasms. Renal leiomyosarcomas are the most common histological subtype of renal sarcomas, accounting for approximately 50-60% of the reported cases. These tumors are usually peripherally located and appear to arise from either the renal capsule or smooth muscle tissue in the renal pelvic wall.
Case presentation:
A 70 years old male, with hypertension and ischemic disease, developed acute left flank pain. The general physician evaluated this using ultrasound, which showed a solid left renal …

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The Structure And Evolution Of The Major Capsid Protein Of A Large, Lipid-Containing Dna Virus, Narayanasamy Nandhagopal, Alan Simpson, James Gurnon, Xiadong Yan, Timothy Baker, Michael V. Graves, James L. Van Etten, Michael Rossman Nov 2002

The Structure And Evolution Of The Major Capsid Protein Of A Large, Lipid-Containing Dna Virus, Narayanasamy Nandhagopal, Alan Simpson, James Gurnon, Xiadong Yan, Timothy Baker, Michael V. Graves, James L. Van Etten, Michael Rossman

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Paramecium bursaria Chlorella virus type 1 (PBCV-1) is a very large, icosahedral virus containing an internal membrane enclosed within a glycoprotein coat consisting of pseudohexagonal arrays of trimeric capsomers. Each capsomer is composed of three molecules of the major capsid protein, Vp54, the 2.0-Å resolution structure of which is reported here. Four N-linked and two O-linked glycosylation sites were identified. The N-linked sites are associated with nonstandard amino acid motifs as a result of glycosylation by virus-encoded enzymes. Each monomer of the trimeric structure consists of two eight-stranded, antiparallel β-barrel, “jelly-roll” domains related by a pseudo-sixfold rotation. The fold of …

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Cutting Edge: Persistent Viral Infection Prevents Tolerance Induction And Escapes Immune Control Following Cd28/Cd40 Blockade-Based Regimen, Thandi M. Onami, M. A. Williams, A. B. Adams, M. M. Durham, T. C. Pearson, R. Ahmed, C. P. Larsen Nov 2002

Cutting Edge: Persistent Viral Infection Prevents Tolerance Induction And Escapes Immune Control Following Cd28/Cd40 Blockade-Based Regimen, Thandi M. Onami, M. A. Williams, A. B. Adams, M. M. Durham, T. C. Pearson, R. Ahmed, C. P. Larsen

Microbiology Publications and Other Works

A continuing concern with CD28 and/or CD40 blockade-based strategies to induce tolerance and mixed chimerism is their potential to disrupt protective immunity to preexisting infections. In this report, we find that preexisting persistent infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) clone 13 prevents the induction of tolerance, mixed chimerism, and donor-reactive T cell deletion. Mice continue to be refractory to tolerance induction even after viremia has been resolved and virus is present only at very low levels in peripheral tissues. Conversely, we find that the full tolerance regimen, or costimulation blockade alone, specifically inhibits already ongoing antiviral immune responses, leading to …

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Cutting Edge: Persistent Viral Infection Prevents Tolerance Induction And Escapes Immune Control Following Cd28/Cd40 Blockade-Based Regimen, Thandi M. Onami, M. A. Williams, A. B. Adams, M. M. Durham, T. C. Pearson, R. Ahmed, C. P. Larsen Nov 2002

Cutting Edge: Persistent Viral Infection Prevents Tolerance Induction And Escapes Immune Control Following Cd28/Cd40 Blockade-Based Regimen, Thandi M. Onami, M. A. Williams, A. B. Adams, M. M. Durham, T. C. Pearson, R. Ahmed, C. P. Larsen

Thandi M. Onami

A continuing concern with CD28 and/or CD40 blockade-based strategies to induce tolerance and mixed chimerism is their potential to disrupt protective immunity to preexisting infections. In this report, we find that preexisting persistent infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) clone 13 prevents the induction of tolerance, mixed chimerism, and donor-reactive T cell deletion. Mice continue to be refractory to tolerance induction even after viremia has been resolved and virus is present only at very low levels in peripheral tissues. Conversely, we find that the full tolerance regimen, or costimulation blockade alone, specifically inhibits already ongoing antiviral immune responses, leading to …

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Unique Epitope Of Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus Gag Protein Spans The Cleavage Site Between P16Ma And P2l, Ming Lu, Ling Zheng, Kathy Mitchell, Sanjay Kapil, Charles Wood, Harish Minocha Nov 2002

Unique Epitope Of Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus Gag Protein Spans The Cleavage Site Between P16Ma And P2l, Ming Lu, Ling Zheng, Kathy Mitchell, Sanjay Kapil, Charles Wood, Harish Minocha

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) and Jembrana disease virus (JDV) are closely related bovine lentiviruses that are difficult to distinguish by presently available diagnostic methods. Recently, in our laboratory, a monoclonal antibody (MAb; MAb 10H1) against the BIV Gag protein identified a differential epitope, located at the 6.4-kDa N terminus of a 29-kDa Gag capsid protein, which was absent in JDV. To define the essential amino acids of the epitope, a series of primers within the 163 bp of DNA corresponding to the 6.4-kDa protein were designed. The full-length 163-bp DNA fragment and the smaller DNA fragments with deletions were amplified …

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Mechanism Of Toxt-Dependent Transcriptional Activation At The Vibrio Cholerae Tcpa Promoter, Robin R. Hulbert, Ronald K. Taylor Oct 2002

Mechanism Of Toxt-Dependent Transcriptional Activation At The Vibrio Cholerae Tcpa Promoter, Robin R. Hulbert, Ronald K. Taylor

Dartmouth Scholarship

The AraC homolog ToxT coordinately regulates virulence gene expression in Vibrio cholerae. ToxT is required for transcriptional activation of the genes encoding cholera toxin and the toxin coregulated pilus, among others. In this work we focused on the interaction of ToxT with the tcpA promoter and investigated the mechanism of ToxT-dependent transcriptional activation at tcpA. Deletion analysis showed that a region from −95 to +2 was sufficient for ToxT binding and activation, both of which were simultaneously lost when the deletion was extended to −63. A collection of point mutations generated by error-prone PCR revealed two small regions required …

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Review Of Dispersal. Based On A Conference Held In Roscoff, France, 23 April–1 May 1999., Anthony J. Zera Sep 2002

Review Of Dispersal. Based On A Conference Held In Roscoff, France, 23 April–1 May 1999., Anthony J. Zera

Anthony Zera Publications

Edited by Jean Clobert, Etienne Danchin, André A Dhondt, and James D Nichols. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.

Dispersal is a phenomenon of central importance in ecology and evolution. Yet many of its fundamental aspects remain poorly understood or barely investigated. This excellent, broad-ranging volume is a collection of 26 short reviews derived from a Centre National de la Recherche (CNRS)-National Science Foundation (NSF) sponsored workshop held in 1999. As stated by the editors, this book is mainly comprised of “reviews and more theoretical approaches, with a limited number of empirical examples” (p. xx) on dispersal.

I highly …

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Microbial Cellulose Utilization: Fundamentals And Biotechnology, Lee R. Lynd, Paul J. Weimer, Willem H. Van Zyl, Isak S. Pretorius Sep 2002

Microbial Cellulose Utilization: Fundamentals And Biotechnology, Lee R. Lynd, Paul J. Weimer, Willem H. Van Zyl, Isak S. Pretorius

Dartmouth Scholarship

Fundamental features of microbial cellulose utilization are examined at successively higher levels of aggregation encompassing the structure and composition of cellulosic biomass, taxonomic diversity, cellulase enzyme systems, molecular biology of cellulase enzymes, physiology of cellulolytic microorganisms, ecological aspects of cellulase-degrading communities, and rate-limiting factors in nature. The methodological basis for studying microbial cellulose utilization is considered relative to quantification of cells and enzymes in the presence of solid substrates as well as apparatus and analysis for cellulose-grown continuous cultures. Quantitative description of cellulose hydrolysis is addressed with respect to adsorption of cellulase enzymes, rates of enzymatic hydrolysis, bioenergetics of microbial …

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Eye Suppression, A Novel Function Of Teashirt, Requires Wingless Signaling, Amit Singh, Madhuri Kango-Singh, Y. Henry Sun Sep 2002

Eye Suppression, A Novel Function Of Teashirt, Requires Wingless Signaling, Amit Singh, Madhuri Kango-Singh, Y. Henry Sun

Biology Faculty Publications

Teashirt (tsh) encodes a Drosophila zinc-finger protein. Misexpression of tsh has been shown to induce ectopic eye formation in the antenna. We report that tsh can suppress eye development. This novel function of tsh is due to the induction of homothorax (hth), a known repressor of eye development, and requires Wingless (WG) signaling. Interestingly, tsh has different functions in the dorsal and ventral eye, suppressing eye development close to the ventral margin, while promoting eye development near the dorsal margin. It affects both growth of eye disc and retinal cell differentiation.

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Investigating The Mechanism Of Acoustically Activated Uptake Of Drugs From Pluronic Micelles, Ghaleb A. Husseini, Christopher M. Runyan, William G. Pitt Aug 2002

Investigating The Mechanism Of Acoustically Activated Uptake Of Drugs From Pluronic Micelles, Ghaleb A. Husseini, Christopher M. Runyan, William G. Pitt

Faculty Publications

This paper examines the mechanism of ultrasonic enhanced drug delivery from Pluronic micelles. In previous publications by our group, fluorescently labeled Pluronic was shown to penetrate HL-60 cells with and without the action of ultrasound, while drug uptake was increased with the application of ultrasound. Methods In this study, the amount of uptake of two fluorescent probes, Lysosensor Green (a pH-sensitive probe) and Cell Tracker Orange CMTMR (a pH-independent probe), was measured in HL-60 and HeLa cells. Results: The results of our experiments show that the increase in drug accumulation in the cells as a result of ultrasonication is not …

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Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Hypersensitivity Of Clpp And Clpb Mutants Of Escherichia Coli, Soumitra Rajagopal, Narasimhan Sudarsan, Kenneth W. Nickerson Aug 2002

Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Hypersensitivity Of Clpp And Clpb Mutants Of Escherichia Coli, Soumitra Rajagopal, Narasimhan Sudarsan, Kenneth W. Nickerson

Papers in Microbiology

We studied the hypersensitivity of clpP and clpB mutants of Escherichia coli to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Both wild-type E. coli MC4100 and lon mutants grew in the presence of 10% SDS, whereas isogenic clpP and clpB single mutants could not grow above 0.5% SDS and clpA and clpX single mutants could not grow above 5.0% SDS. For wild-type E. coli, cellular ClpP levels as determined by Western immunoblot analysis increased ca. sixfold as the levels of added SDS increased from 0 to 2%. Capsular colanic acid, measured as uronic acid, increased ca. sixfold as the levels of added …

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Human Exposure To Herpesvirus B–Seropositive Macaques, Bali, Indonesia, Gregory A. Engel, Lisa Jones-Engel, Michael A. Schillaci, Komang Gde Suaryana, Artha Putra, Agustin Fuentes, Richard Henkel Aug 2002

Human Exposure To Herpesvirus B–Seropositive Macaques, Bali, Indonesia, Gregory A. Engel, Lisa Jones-Engel, Michael A. Schillaci, Komang Gde Suaryana, Artha Putra, Agustin Fuentes, Richard Henkel

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

Herpesvirus B (Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1) has been implicated as the cause of approximately 40 cases of meningoencephalitis affecting persons in direct or indirect contact with laboratory macaques. However, the threat of herpesvirus B in nonlaboratory settings worldwide remains to be addressed. We investigated the potential for exposure to herpesvirus B in workers at a “monkey forest” (a temple that has become a tourist attraction because of its monkeys) in Bali, Indonesia. In July 2000, 105 workers at the Sangeh Monkey Forest in Central Bali were surveyed about contact with macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Nearly half of those interviewed had …

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Molecular Cloning And Characterization Of A Novel Mouse Macrophage C-Type Lectin, Mmgl2, Which Has A Distinct Carbohydrate Specificity From Mmgl1, Thandi M. Onami, M. Tsuiji, M. Fujimori, Y. Ohashi, N. Higashi, S. M. Hendrick, T. Irimura Aug 2002

Molecular Cloning And Characterization Of A Novel Mouse Macrophage C-Type Lectin, Mmgl2, Which Has A Distinct Carbohydrate Specificity From Mmgl1, Thandi M. Onami, M. Tsuiji, M. Fujimori, Y. Ohashi, N. Higashi, S. M. Hendrick, T. Irimura

Microbiology Publications and Other Works

A novel mouse macrophage galactose-type C-type lectin 2 (mMGL2) was identified by BLAST analysis of expressed sequence tags. The sequence of mMGL2 is highly homologous to the mMGL, which should now be called mMGL1. The open reading frame of mMGL2 contains a sequence corresponding to a type II transmembrane protein with 332 amino acids having a single extracellular C-type lectin domain. The 3'-untranslated region included long terminal repeats of mouse early transposon. The Mgl2 gene was cloned from a 129/SvJ mouse genomic library and sequenced. The gene spans 7,136 base pairs and consists of 10 exons, which is similar to …

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Molecular Cloning And Characterization Of A Novel Mouse Macrophage C-Type Lectin, Mmgl2, Which Has A Distinct Carbohydrate Specificity From Mmgl1, Thandi M. Onami, M. Tsuiji, M. Fujimori, Y. Ohashi, N. Higashi, S. M. Hendrick, T. Irimura Aug 2002

Molecular Cloning And Characterization Of A Novel Mouse Macrophage C-Type Lectin, Mmgl2, Which Has A Distinct Carbohydrate Specificity From Mmgl1, Thandi M. Onami, M. Tsuiji, M. Fujimori, Y. Ohashi, N. Higashi, S. M. Hendrick, T. Irimura

Thandi M. Onami

A novel mouse macrophage galactose-type C-type lectin 2 (mMGL2) was identified by BLAST analysis of expressed sequence tags. The sequence of mMGL2 is highly homologous to the mMGL, which should now be called mMGL1. The open reading frame of mMGL2 contains a sequence corresponding to a type II transmembrane protein with 332 amino acids having a single extracellular C-type lectin domain. The 3'-untranslated region included long terminal repeats of mouse early transposon. The Mgl2 gene was cloned from a 129/SvJ mouse genomic library and sequenced. The gene spans 7,136 base pairs and consists of 10 exons, which is similar to …

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The Uv (Ribotoxic) Stress Response Of Human Keratinocytes Involves The Unexpected Uncoupling Of The Ras-Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Signaling Cascade From The Activated Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, Mihail S. Iordanov, Remy J. Choi, Olga P. Ryabinina, Thanh-Hoai Dinh, Robert K. Bright, Bruce E. Magun Aug 2002

The Uv (Ribotoxic) Stress Response Of Human Keratinocytes Involves The Unexpected Uncoupling Of The Ras-Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Signaling Cascade From The Activated Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, Mihail S. Iordanov, Remy J. Choi, Olga P. Ryabinina, Thanh-Hoai Dinh, Robert K. Bright, Bruce E. Magun

CUP Faculty Research

In mammals, UVB radiation is of biological relevance primarily for the cells of the epidermis. We report here the existence of a UVB response that is specific for proliferating human epidermal keratinocytes. Unlike other cell types that also display a UVB response, keratinocytes respond to UVB irradiation with a transient but potent downregulation of the Ras-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling cascade. The downregulation of ERK precedes a profound decrease in the steady-state levels of cyclin D1, a mediator of the proliferative action of ERK. Keratinocytes exhibit high constitutive activity of the Ras-ERK signaling cascade even in culture medium lacking supplemental …

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Effect Of Guanosine Tetraphosphate On Growth Rate And Stable Rna Synthesis In Escherichia Coli, Heather Anne Quintanilla Aug 2002

Effect Of Guanosine Tetraphosphate On Growth Rate And Stable Rna Synthesis In Escherichia Coli, Heather Anne Quintanilla

Theses and Dissertations - UTB/UTPA

Guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) is a good candidate for a stable RNA synthesis regulator at different growth rates because: high ppGpp levels present during the stringent response are known to inhibit stable RNA synthesis, and there is an inverse correlation between ppGpp concentration and stable RNA synthesis at different growth rates. A system was constructed allowing the user to control intracellular ppGpp levels within the range characteristic of exponentially growing strains, while not allowing cells to adjust ppGpp in response to environmental changes. E. coli strains were transformed with a plasmid containing a truncated relA allele to provide ppGpp. Results show …

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Csf Oligoclonal Bands In Multiple Sclerosis, I Siddiqui, S Aleem, N Kayani, S Baig Aug 2002

Csf Oligoclonal Bands In Multiple Sclerosis, I Siddiqui, S Aleem, N Kayani, S Baig

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Objective:
To study the significance of oligoclonal bands in neurological disorders, specifically in Multiple Sclerosis (MS).
Methods:
The study was designed to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the test methodology of CSF electrophoresis by performing the retrospective analysis of CSF samples sent for oligoclonal bands (OCB). A total of 603 samples were received by the Clinical Laboratories, Department of Pathology of The Aga Khan University, during a period of 54 months (January 1993-June 1997). All of these samples were analyzed by performing CSF protein electrophoresis. One hundred thirty three out of 603 samples showed evidence of OCB. Out …

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Generation Of Mice Deficient For Macrophage Galactose- And N-Acetylgalactosamine-Specific Lectin: Limited Role In Lymphoid And Erythroid Homeostasis And Evidence For Multiple Lectins, Thandi M. Onami, M. Y. Lin, D. M. Page, S. A. Reynolds, C. D. Katayama, J. D. Marth, T. Irimura, A. Varki, N. Varki, S. M. Hedrick Jul 2002

Generation Of Mice Deficient For Macrophage Galactose- And N-Acetylgalactosamine-Specific Lectin: Limited Role In Lymphoid And Erythroid Homeostasis And Evidence For Multiple Lectins, Thandi M. Onami, M. Y. Lin, D. M. Page, S. A. Reynolds, C. D. Katayama, J. D. Marth, T. Irimura, A. Varki, N. Varki, S. M. Hedrick

Microbiology Publications and Other Works

Macrophage receptors function in pattern recognition for the induction of innate immunity, in cellular communication to mediate the regulation of adaptive immune responses, and in the clearance of some glycosylated cells or glycoproteins from the circulation. They also function in homeostasis by initiating the engulfment of apoptotic cells. Evidence has suggested that macrophage receptors function to recognize cells that are destined for programmed cell death but not yet overtly apoptotic. We have examined the function of a macrophage receptor specific for unsialylated glycoproteins, known as the mouse macrophage galactose- and N-acetylgalactosamine-specific lectin (mMGL) (Ii et al., J. Biol. Chem. 265:11295-11298, …

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Generation Of Mice Deficient For Macrophage Galactose- And N-Acetylgalactosamine-Specific Lectin: Limited Role In Lymphoid And Erythroid Homeostasis And Evidence For Multiple Lectins, Thandi M. Onami, M. Y. Lin, D. M. Page, S. A. Reynolds, C. D. Katayama, J. D. Marth, T. Irimura, A. Varki, N. Varki, S. M. Hedrick Jul 2002

Generation Of Mice Deficient For Macrophage Galactose- And N-Acetylgalactosamine-Specific Lectin: Limited Role In Lymphoid And Erythroid Homeostasis And Evidence For Multiple Lectins, Thandi M. Onami, M. Y. Lin, D. M. Page, S. A. Reynolds, C. D. Katayama, J. D. Marth, T. Irimura, A. Varki, N. Varki, S. M. Hedrick

Thandi M. Onami

Macrophage receptors function in pattern recognition for the induction of innate immunity, in cellular communication to mediate the regulation of adaptive immune responses, and in the clearance of some glycosylated cells or glycoproteins from the circulation. They also function in homeostasis by initiating the engulfment of apoptotic cells. Evidence has suggested that macrophage receptors function to recognize cells that are destined for programmed cell death but not yet overtly apoptotic. We have examined the function of a macrophage receptor specific for unsialylated glycoproteins, known as the mouse macrophage galactose- and N-acetylgalactosamine-specific lectin (mMGL) (Ii et al., J. Biol. Chem. 265:11295-11298, …

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Characterization Of Pathogenic Mutations In 21-Hydroxylase Gene Of Pakistani Patients With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia And Their Family Members--A Preliminary Report, A H. Khan, M I. Nasir, T Moatter Jul 2002

Characterization Of Pathogenic Mutations In 21-Hydroxylase Gene Of Pakistani Patients With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia And Their Family Members--A Preliminary Report, A H. Khan, M I. Nasir, T Moatter

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Objective:
To characterize specific mutations within the 21-hydroxylase gene (CYP21-B) using ARMS-PCR assay in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and to compare it with that reported in other populations.
Subjects and Methods:
Five families, having an index case with CAH diagnosed on the basis of clinical and biochemical findings volunteered to give blood samples for analysis. A strategy, based on ARMS-PCR (Amplified Refractory Mutation System) was employed for the detection of mutations in 21-hydroxylase gene. The products of ARMS-PCR were resolved on agarose gels and the PCR products were visualized over ultra violet illumination.
Results:
Twenty-six specimens were analyzed …

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The Deadly Trypanosome: Understanding The Parasite That Causes Sleeping Sickness, Patricia E. Mancini Jun 2002

The Deadly Trypanosome: Understanding The Parasite That Causes Sleeping Sickness, Patricia E. Mancini

Bridgewater Review

No abstract provided.

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Dynamic Regulation Of T Cell Immunity By Cd43, Thandi M. Onami, L. E. Harrington, M. A. Williams, M. Galvan, C. P. Larsen, T. C. Pearson, N. Manjunath, L. G. Baum, B. D. Pearce, R. Ahmed Jun 2002

Dynamic Regulation Of T Cell Immunity By Cd43, Thandi M. Onami, L. E. Harrington, M. A. Williams, M. Galvan, C. P. Larsen, T. C. Pearson, N. Manjunath, L. G. Baum, B. D. Pearce, R. Ahmed

Microbiology Publications and Other Works

During a viral response, Ag-specific effector T cells show dramatically increased binding by the mAb 1B11 and the lectin peanut agglutinin (PNA). We investigated the contribution of CD43 expression to 1B11 and PNA binding as well as its role in generation and maintenance of a CD8 T cell response. Analysis of CD43(-/-) mice revealed no increased 1B11 binding and reduced PNA binding on virus-specific CD8 T cells from -/- mice compared with +/+ mice. Furthermore, we examined the role of CD43 in the kinetics of an immune response. We show that CD43 expression modestly effects generation of a primary virus-specific …

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Dynamic Regulation Of T Cell Immunity By Cd43, Thandi M. Onami, L. E. Harrington, M. A. Williams, M. Galvan, C. P. Larsen, T. C. Pearson, N. Manjunath, L. G. Baum, B. D. Pearce, R. Ahmed Jun 2002

Dynamic Regulation Of T Cell Immunity By Cd43, Thandi M. Onami, L. E. Harrington, M. A. Williams, M. Galvan, C. P. Larsen, T. C. Pearson, N. Manjunath, L. G. Baum, B. D. Pearce, R. Ahmed

Thandi M. Onami

During a viral response, Ag-specific effector T cells show dramatically increased binding by the mAb 1B11 and the lectin peanut agglutinin (PNA). We investigated the contribution of CD43 expression to 1B11 and PNA binding as well as its role in generation and maintenance of a CD8 T cell response. Analysis of CD43(-/-) mice revealed no increased 1B11 binding and reduced PNA binding on virus-specific CD8 T cells from -/- mice compared with +/+ mice. Furthermore, we examined the role of CD43 in the kinetics of an immune response. We show that CD43 expression modestly effects generation of a primary virus-specific …

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Retrograde Transport Of Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy Within Descending Motor Tracts, Jason C. Bartz, Anthony E. Kincaid, Richard A. Bessen Jun 2002

Retrograde Transport Of Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy Within Descending Motor Tracts, Jason C. Bartz, Anthony E. Kincaid, Richard A. Bessen

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

The spread of the abnormal conformation of the prion protein, PrPSc, within the spinal cord is central to the pathogenesis of transmissible prion diseases, but the mechanism of transport has not been determined. For this report, the route of transport of the HY strain of transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME), a prion disease of mink, in the central nervous system following unilateral inoculation into the sciatic nerves of Syrian hamsters was investigated. PrPSc was detected at 3 weeks postinfection in the lumbar spinal cord and ascended to the brain at a rate of approximately 3.3 mm per day. …

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Mechanisms Of Autoantigen Cleavage During Cell Death, Xiwei Wu Jun 2002

Mechanisms Of Autoantigen Cleavage During Cell Death, Xiwei Wu

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Specific intracellular autoantigens targeted by autoantibodies in systemic autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases undergo posttranslational modifications, such as cleavage, during cell death that could potentially enhance their immunogenicity. In light of the increasing interest in the immunological consequences of defective clearance of apoptotic cells, we explored whether autoantigens cleaved during apoptosis undergo an additional wave of proteolysis as apoptosis progresses to secondary necrosis in the absence of phagocytosis. Jurkat T cells treated with different apoptosis inducers underwent a rapid apoptosis that gradually progressed to secondary necrosis. During the initial apoptotic stages, several nuclear autoantigens, including PARP, Topo I, and LEDGF/p75 …

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