Life Sciences Commons^™

The Effects Of Molecular Weight And Degree Of Substitution Of Cationic Starch On The Sizing Efficiency Of Alkenyl Succinic Anhydride, George T. Nebel

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Alkenyl Succinic Anhydride (ASA) is a cellulose reactive size used in neutral to alkaline papermaking. Since ASA exists as an oil at room temperature, it must be emulsified in cationic starch to make it compatible with the aqueous wet and environment.

The advantages of using a cationic starch in an ASA sizing system include improved retention of fines, filler, and size; improved sizing efficiency; and improved strength. Mill and laboratory experience has shown, however, that cationic potato starch is superior to corn starch. Their are two main differences between potato starch and corn starch: (1) potato starch typically has a …

Research Report No. 13, Estimating Dry Weight Of Understory Woody Plants In East Texas, Hershel C. Reeves, J. David Lenhart

Informal Project Reports

Equations are presented to estimate the total aboveground ovendry Weight of 19 different species of small woody plants common to understory of East Texas forests. For each of the 19 species, the predicting variable is basal diameter.

Land Use In The Amazon: Soil Erosion, Sedimentation, And The Samuel Dam, Doug H. Graham

Peer Reviewed Articles

Doug Graham received a M.A. in Geography in December of 1986. This paper is a summary of his thesis entitled "The Samuel Dam: Land Use, Soil Erosion, and Sedimentation in Amazonia." Graham conducted field research in Brazil during the Summer of 1985, with funding from the Tinker Foundation and the Amazon Research and Training Program. His immediate plans are to continue his training in Geography at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

A Demonstration Of Cartographic Modeling For Evaluating Natural Resources, Olufemi Amos Olaleye

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Cartographic modeling was used to evaluate the natural resources of the Angelina National Forest in East Texas. With the aid of the Map Analysis Package, three models were developed to evaluate historic changes, project future trends and to determine the proximity of resource to a specific location. Accuracies of results were determined at two different scales. MAP estimates at the smaller scales were about 92% and about 98% at the larger scale. Boundary cells were found to be important in improving accuracies of MAP estimates at the smaller scale. The performance of a representative low-cost grid-based system in building cartographic …

Some Statistical Analyses Of The Climate Of Nacogdoches, Texas For Applications In Natural Resources Management, Alexander Sayok

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Analyses of a variety of climatic variables generated from 80 years (1901-80) of daily precipitation and temperature data collected by the National Weather Service showed that Nacogdoches is characterized by a humid subtropical climate with an average annual precipitation and temperature of 45.96 inches and 65.5°F, respectively. The summer is warm and dry with mean maximum temperature of 91.6°F while winter is mild with mean minimum temperature of 38°F. There were no statistical differences between mean annual temperature and precipitation on the 1951-80 and 1901-80 periods or between any 2 normal periods. Rain days occurred once in every 4 days …

Research Report No. 12, Stand Structure And Yield Of Slash Pine Plantations On Non-Old-Fields In East Texas, J. David Lenhart

Informal Project Reports

A diameter distribution yield prediction system is presented for slash Pine ( Pinus elliottii Engelm.) plantations on non-old-fields in East Texas. The system was developed using data from the initial rneasurement of the ETPPRP permanent plots in slash pine plantations.

Research Project No. 11, Stand Structure And Yield Of Loblolly Pine Plantations On Non-Old-Fields In East Texas, J. David Lenhart

Informal Project Reports

A diameter distribution yield prediction system is presented for loblolly pine ( pinus taeda L.) plantations on non-old-fields in East Texas. The system was developed using data from the initial measurement of the ETPPRP permanent plots in loblolly pine plantations.

A Preliminary List Of Butterflies And Skippers From The Uwm Field Station, Susan S. Borkin

Field Station Bulletins

This preliminary list is a result of opportunistic collecting by staff members of the Milwaukee Public Museum's Invertebrate Zoology Section at the UWM Cedar-Sauk Field Station during the past nine years. A total of 55 butterfly (Papilionoidea) and skipper (Hesperioidea) species have been collected in various habitats at the Field Station with one additional species, Lycaena epixanthe found in the Sapa-Black Spruce Bog. More intensive collecting should turn up additional species since the Field Station lies within the geographic ranges of over 90 butterflies and skippers according to recent distribution maps (Opler and Krizek, 1984; and Scott, 1986). Of course, …

A Preliminary Survey Of Fungi At The Uwm Field Station, Alan D. Parker

Field Station Bulletins

Three previous accounts of fungi occurring at the Field Station have appeared in the Bulletin. The first inventory of seventy-five species, including 29 plant pathogens, was published by Baxter (1970). Baxter and Bronaugh (1974) isolated four species of aquatic Hyphomycetes during their study of this group in southeastern Wisconsin. Ciombor and Dibben (1984) identified 29 fungi, 23 of which had not been previously reported. In addition, Baxter (1973) listed the following five fungi as new records for Wisconsin, but did not indicate where they were collected. The present paper reports 71 species, 46 of which are new records. Also included …

The Neda Iron Ore Of Southeastern Wisconsin, William K. Kean

Field Station Bulletins

The Neda Iron Mine, located between Iron Ridge and MayviTie, Wisconsin, is a property owned by the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee and managed by the UWM Field Station. The site today is a rather unobtrusive ridge of resistant dolomite, not dissimilar to a number of other resistant ridges which mark the presence of the Silurian dolomite in eastern Wisconsin. This dolomite is essentially the same rock formation which dips down under the state of Michigan and reemerges in western New York to form Niagara Falls. Beneath this resistant dolomite, is a thin surface exposure of red iron ore, known as the …

Daily Organization Of Vocalizations Of Forest-Edge Birds In Wisconsin, James W. Popp, Millicent S. Ficken, Robert W. Ficken

Field Station Bulletins

The daily patterning of vocalizations was determined for 15 species of forest-edge birds at the UWM Field Station. Species that were predominately callers (gave few songs) had very erratic patterns of vocalizations. Species that were primarily singers had distinct morning peaks in singing ("dawn chorus") and, for most species, smaller evening peaks. Some of the singers also had small mid-afternoon peaks when the overall singing rates were low. With the exception of the Field Sparrow, which had a peak before most other species, and the towhee, which had a peak after most other species, there was little interspecific variation in …

Research Project No. 7, Estimating The Dry Weight Of Individual Loblolly Pine Trees Planted In East Texas, Thomas J. Wiswell, Jock A. Blackard, J. David Lenhart

Informal Project Reports

Equations are presented to estimate the dry weight in pounds or the wood in the stem and branches of individual loblolly pine trees Planted on site-prepared land in East Texas.

Research Project No. 8, Estimating The Cubic Foot Volume Of Individual Slash Pine Trees Planted In East Texas, Terry L. Hackett

Informal Project Reports

Equations are presented to estimate the cubic foot content of the wood and berk in tile stern and branches of individual slash pine trees Planted on site-prepared land in East Texas. Taper functions are also developed.

Research Project No. 9, Estimating The Green Weight Of Individual Slash Pine Trees Planted In East Texas, Charlie J. Laman

Informal Project Reports

Equations are presented to estimate the green weight in pounds of the wood, bark and needles in the stern and branches of individual slash pine trees planted on site-prepared lend in East Texas.

Research Report No. 10, Estimating The Dry Weight Of Individual Slash Pine Trees Planted In East Texas, J. David Lenhart

Informal Project Reports

Equations are presented to estimate the dry weight in pounds of the wood in the stem and branches of individual slash pine trees planted on site-prepared land in East Texas.

Research Report No. 6, Estimating Green Weight Of Individual Loblolly Pine Trees Planted In East Texas, Thomas J. Wiswell, Jock A. Blackard, J. David Lenhart

Informal Project Reports

Equations ere presented to estimate the green weight in Pounds of the wood, berk and needles in the stem end branches of individual loblolly pine trees planted on site-prepared land in East Texas.

Research Report No. 5, Estimating The Cubic Foot Volume Of Individual Loblolly Pine Trees Planted In East Texas, Thomas J. Wiswell, Jock A. Blackard, J. David Lenhart

Informal Project Reports

Equations are presented to estimate the cubic foot content of the wood and bark in the stem end branches of individual loblolly pine trees planted on site-prepared lend in East Texas. Taper functions are also developed.

B815: A Comparison Of Small Single- And Double-Drum Cable Systems For Prebunching Partial Cuts, Frederick M. Hathaway, Benjamin F. Hoffman

Bulletins

This study evaluated two single-drum and two double-drum winching systems for prebunching small-diameter, tree-length stems from partial cuts. Three farm tractors with Farmi winches and one sled-mounted winch were used. One single-drum system was run by professional woods workers and the others were operated by forestry students. Three different types of chokers were used and a skid cone was used with two systems.

The professional crew used a self-release block at the back of the trailside pile to avoid piling delays while the other systems used a spar tree. All systems were evaluated by time studies. The professional crew was …

Proceedings : A Forest Based Economy - Carrying A Tradition Into The Future, Blaine House Conference On Forestry (December 6-7, 1984)

Maine Collection

Proceedings : A Forest Based Economy - Carrying A Tradition Into the Future

Blaine House Conference on Forestry (December 6-7, 1984)

Department of Conservation, State House Station 22, Augusta, Maine 04333, August 1986.

Contents: Table of Contents / Letter of Transmittal / The Forest 2020--Visions Of A Sustainable Forest / Forestry Resurvey: What Does It Say? How Can We Use It? / Can We Improve Maine's Timber Supply? / Atmospheric Deposition And Forests Of The Northeast / A National Perspective: What Is Maine's Competitive Niche? / The Future of Hardwood Markets / The Future of Softwood Markets / The State …

The Effects Of Nitrogen And Phosphorus Fertilizer On A Young Loblolly Pine Plantation On Lignite Mine Spoil In East Texas, Martin Andrew Shupe

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Five levels of nitrogen fertilizer combined with three levels of phosphorus fertilizer were tested in a two year-old loblolly pine plantation on a lignite mine spoil in East Texas. Growth parameters, foliar and spoil nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were measured after two growing seasons. Nitrogen increased diameter growth during the first year, and foliar nitrogen increased with increasing fertilizer rates for both years. Phosphorus increased height during the first year and over both years combined and also increased diameter during the second year and over both years combined. Foliar phosphorus was increased by nitrogen in the first year. Spoil phosphorus …

The Decline Of Log House Construction In Blount County, Tennessee, John T. Morgan

Doctoral Dissertations

The log house is an important element of architectural heritage of much of the eastern United States. In some areas, such as East Tennessee, log construction was not replaced by frame construction until the late nineteenth century.

Several reasons have been presented in the literature for the decline of log house construction, but none of them had been tested empirically. This study determined to what extent the reasons given for the decline of the log house construction explain the decline of log dwelling construction in Blount County, Tennessee. The study analyzed the influence of five factors: (1) relative affluence of …

Lodgepole Pine Susceptibility Rating Of Mountain Pine Beetle Through The Use Of A Density Management Diagram, John Albert Anhold

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Ninety-four unmanaged lodgepole pine stands were examined to evaluate the relationship between stand density and susceptibility to mountain pine beetle attack. Sample included stands from a broad geographical range in the western United States.

Beetle population trends were not significantly related to variation in stand density as measured by stand density index (SDI). The percentage of trees killed per acre by the mountain pine beetle in stands with greater than eighty percent lodgepole pine did vary significantly with changes in SDI. From these data three SDI zones were identified: 1) stands with SDI's of less than 125 showed low potential …

Impact Of The Western Spruce Budworm On Buds, Developing Cones And Seeds Of Douglas-Fir In The Intermountain Region, Charles Joseph Frank

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a serious defoliator of conifers in the western U.S. and western Canada. In 1985 epidemic levels of the budworm caused average tree defoliation in west-central Idaho to increase to 83%, up substantially from the 35% average tree defoliation of 1984. Associated with this increase in defoliation was a change in the relative stand defolation ranking between the two years. found to damage all types and In 1985 the budworm was developmental stages of reproductive structures of Douglas- fir, including: seedcone buds, pollen-cones buds, maturing cones, and seeds. Differential selection of …

Investigation Of Host Selection By Mountain Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus Ponderosae) Hopk. In Lodgepole Pine (Pinus Contorta) Dougl., Thomas James Eager

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Lodgepole pines Pinus contorta (Douglas) were treated by girdling to assess the response by an endemic population of mountain pine beetle Dendroctonus ponderosae (Hopkins) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Capture in 'sticky traps' indicated that the beetles were attracted while in flight towards the wounded trees. A significant difference in the landing rates of bark beetles between the treated and untreated trees indicated that the beetles were able to distinguish wounded from non-wounded trees while still in flight. Pressure chamber readings demonstrated that water stress developed in the girded trees when compared to the non-girdled trees.

The Effects Of Recreation Specialization And Motivations On The Environmental Setting Preferences Of Backcountry Hikers, Randy J. Virden

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

This study explored how recreation specialization and different types of motivations were related to environmental settings preferred by backcountry hikers. A questionnaire was developed that measured the level of hiking specialization, desired psychological outcomes, and preferred environmental setting attributes. Questionnaires were mailed to 619 backcountry hikers from three Intermountain West hiking areas; a response rate of 68 percent was attained.

Results of the study revealed significant associations between the level of hiking specialization and the psychological states desired by backcountry hikers. In general, increased hiking specialization served to increase the importance of specific psychological outcomes such as autonomy, exercise, achievement …

A Guide To The Natural History Of The Cedarburg Bog: Part Ii, James A. Reinartz

Field Station Bulletins

The boardwalk that extends to the center of the Cedarburg Bog is the UWM Field Station's most heavily used teaching facility. Research is also conducted in the Bog, which holds an understandable fascination for researchers and students of natural history because of its size, complexity, diversity and geographical isolation from similar communities. Because of the increasing research and teaching use of the Bog, it has become essential that some of what is known about the natural history of the Bog be assembled and summarized in an easily accessible introduction and guide. The guide contains too much material to fit into …

A Study Of The Staining Techniques Of Secondary Fibers For The Qualitative Analysis Of Contaminants, Susan M. Soltis

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Identification of the contaminants present in secondary fibers would aid in the reduction of the stickies problem common to the secondary fiber Industry. Presently, Identification and quantitative analysis of stickies is difficult. The staining characteristics of the hotmelts and latexes were studied and used to complete a flow chart analysis of a sample to determine the type and quantity of contaminants. Dupont '4 and Superlitefast Brilliant Blue dyes were shown to stain the hotmelts. Analysis of a sample through the flow chart developed for this thesis would determine the type and quantity of contaminants present. These results may be used …

The Effects Of Alum At Different Ph Levels On Asa Sizing, James A. Farrand

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

Alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) is a cellulose reactive size used in neutral to alkaline sizing. ASA is emulsified in cationic starch to help retain the ASA on the fiber and to protect the ASA from hydrolysis. The stability of the ASA emulsion is largely dependent upon temperature, pH, and shear.

While one of the advantages of alkaline papermaking is the elimination of aluminium from the process water, the addition of small amounts of alum has proven beneficial to some mills running ASA size. The advantages claimed by using alum are: improved sizing, improved retention, and improved runnability.

The aluminum species …

The Determination Of An Optimum Brownstock Washwater By Laboratory Analysis, Bradley D. Berger

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The optimum displacement of black liquor in a Kraft pulp by a washwater can mean greater chemical recovery, reduced environmental impact, and less evaporator steam consumption. A laboratory apparatus was developed and used to test various washwaters to determine if any were more efficient at displacing the black liquor in a pad of Kraft pulp. These washwaters included tapwater, tapwater with varying amounts of a polyacrylamide polymer, and washwaters collected from various areas of a paper mill. The data generated in this project were used to calculate substance yield, dilution factor, and mobility ratio. There appeared to be no significant …

Sticky Control During Pulping Of Secondary Fibers, Gary Lancour

Paper Engineering Senior Theses

The thesis:: experiment attempted to show the effect talc and bentonite had on reducing the reagglomeration of sticky particles, and to discover which of the 2 fillers was more effective.

Trials were made using the mechanical action of the blender and heat to break up and disperse the hot-melt adhesive. Talc or bentonite was then added and tested to determine their effectiveness on the subsequent reagglomeration of sticky particles during mixing.

It was shown that as addition of either talc or bentonite gave a significant reduction in the reagglomeration of the hot-melt adhesive particles.

Results showed that bentonite gave better …