Life Sciences Commons^™

Colony Survivorship In Pogonomyrmex Occidentalis, Western Harvester Ant, In Western Nebraska, Kathleen H. Keeler

School of Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Little is known about the life span of individual ant colonies (Keeler, 1981), even though the dynamics of some species, such as harvester ants, are crucial to the structure of plant and animal communities (e.g., Brown et al., 1979). This note reports the results of 10 years of observations on a population of harvester ants.

Fifty-six mounds of Pogonomyrmex occidentalis Cresson (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), western harvester ant, were permanently marked with aluminum tags in August 1977. The site, about 1 ha just south of the University of Nebraska's Cedar Point Biological Station, Keith Co., Nebraska, was within a pasture subject to …

A Plant Root Warmer For Studying Phytophagous Insect Development And Fecundity At Temperatures Below Host Plant Tolerance, D. H. Akey, G. D. Butler, J. W. Radin

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

A simple root-warming device maintains the plants' roots at a higher temperature than that at which the rest of the plant is held. This permits the host plant to retain turgor, not wilt, and therefore remain suitable for and attractive to phytophagous insects. The technique was demonstrated in a development and fecundity test using the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, reared on cotton seedlings, Gossypium hirsutum L., at foliar temperatures of 10.0 and 12.5°C. Root temperatures were held at 20°C. The device was also tested at a foliar temperature of 7.5°C in an additional fecundity test. In a control test, …

Tb133: Experimental Stream Application Of B.T.I. For Human Nuisance Black Fly Management In A Recreational Area, K. Elizabeth Gibbs, Rhonda J. Boyer, Brian P. Molloy, Dorothy A. Hutchins

Technical Bulletins

Biting and swarming black flies are abundant in Maine and can cause serious discomfort to humans, especially in recreational areas where their presence may substantially decrease satisfaction in outdoor activities. In 1985, 1986 and 1987 a series of experimental applications of B.t.i. was made on property owned by the Sugarloaf Mountain Corporation. The 198 5 study determined the persistenc e o f B.t.i. in stream and river water and the concentration necessary to achieve >90% mortality in black fly larvae. It also indicated that B.t.i. had no detectable impact on non-target organisms. In 1986 and 1987 the objective was to …

Geographical Variation In Responses To Photoperiod And Temperature By Leptinotarsa Decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) During And After Dormancy, Maurice J. Tauber, Catherine A. Tauber, John J. Obrycki, Brian Gollands, Robert J. Wright

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The intensity of diapause has a distinct seasonal pattern in the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). During August, temperature and photoperiod only slightly affected the very intense diapause in field populations. By summer's end, diapause intensity diminishes, but photoperiod and temperature maintain diapause. Subsequently, the beetles lose their responsiveness to photoperiod at high temperatures (approximately 200c), but at low temperatures (18-15°C) the beetles remain photoperiodically sensitive after emerging from the soil and initiating oviposition in the spring. Mated females that overwinter can lay fertile eggs without mating in the spring. Populations from climatically different areas in New York state …

Preimaginal Development And Reproductive Responses To Temperature In Two Populations Of The Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Catherine A. Tauber, Maurice J. Tauber, Brian Gollands, Robert J. Wright, John J. Obrycki

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The pattern of geographical differences in two populations of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), suggests that preimaginal developmental responses and imaginal reproductive responses to temperature are under different selective pressures. Immatures from the warm, coastal (Long Island) area developed slightly slower, had slightly higher thermal thresholds for development, and suffered more mortality at low temperature than immatures from cooler, Upstate New York. However, more females from the Long Island population oviposited fertile eggs at lower temperatures than females from the upstate population. The data suggest that early planting dates and/or bivoltinism in the warm coastal area cause significant …

Voltinism And The Induction Of Aestival Diapause In The Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa Decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Maurice J. Tauber, Catherine A. Tauber, John J. Obrycki, Brian Gollands, Robert J. Wright

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Field studies over 3 yr demonstrated that overwintering populations of the Colorado potato beetle in upstate New York and on Long Island are composed of adults from both the first and second summer generations. The two populations from the climatically different regions differ in their responses to environmental factors that influence voltinism. The critical photoperiod for aestival diapause induction is longer, and the induction of diapause by low temperature is greater, in the population from the cooler, inland locality (upstate New York) than in the population from the warm coastal area (Long Island). Under the long days of early summer, …

Possible Selective Advantage Of Anopheles Spp. (Diptera: Culicidae) With The Oxidase- And Acetylcholinesterase-Based Insecticide Resistance Genes After Exposure To Organophosphates Or An Insect Growth Regulator In Sri Lankan Rice Fields, J. Hemingway, Bryony C. Bonning, K. G. I. Jayawardena, I. S. Weerasinghe, P. R. J. Herath, H. Oouchi

Bryony C. Bonning

Treatment of rice fields in Sri Lanka with monocrotophos at 10 mg/litre or pirimiphos-methyl at 0·1 mg/litre gave a selective advantage to larvae of Anopheles subpictus Grassi and A. nigerrimus Giles carrying the oxidase- and acetylcholinesterase-based resistance genes, respectively. However, this selective advantage was apparent for less than ten days after spraying. There was no mortality of any larval instar with monocrotophos 12 days after spraying, and no fourth-instar larval mortality with pirimiphos-methyl 17 days after spraying. The chemical degredation curves for these compounds indicated that this short duration of efficacy was due to the instability of the compounds in …

Use Of Radiography In Behavioral Studies Of Turfgrass-Infesting Scarab Grub Species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), M. G. Villani, Robert J. Wright

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

The behavior of turfgrass-infesting scarab grubs in response to soil physical properties may affect the stress that each species exerts on turfgrass and the efficacy of control tactics. To gain a more realistic picture of the events that occur within the soil matrix, we have developed a nondestructive X-ray technique to study soil insect movement and behavior in simulated and natural soil blocks in the laboratory Laboratory studies using this technique were done to determine the effect of some soil physical factors on scarab grub movement patterns. Species-specific differences were demonstrated in the responses of four scarab grub species (Japanese …

Zoogeography, Ecology, And Systematics Of The Genus Rhagovelia Mayr (Heteroptera: Veliidae) In Borneo, Celebes, And The Moluccas, John T. Polhemus, Dan A. Polhemus

Insecta Mundi

The genus Rhagovelia is revised for the region comprising Borneo, Celebes, and the Moluccas. Redescriptions are given for species previously described from the area, and 26 new species are described. Figures of the dorsal habitus and key characters are provided for all species, accompanied by a key to species and distribution maps. Species occurring in the region are divided into eight monophyletic intrageneric species groups, some of which also contain members outside the region, based primarily on wing venation, thoracic morphology, and genitalia. A zoogeographic analysis is presented based on the distribution of these groups within the Malay Archipelago and …

Book Review: Life Sciences Organizations And Agencies Directory, J. B. Heppner

Insecta Mundi

This is a new directory of scientific organizations and related agencies from Gale Research, a publisher of several other directories of research facilities and other organizations. The present contribution covers both U.S. and foreign organizations, including virtually all nations. It complements the directories Gale Research has published on medical, technological, and earth sciences organizations.

Book Review: Glyphipterigidae Auctorum Sensu Lato, J. B. Heppner

Insecta Mundi

This is another volume in the extensive series planned on Palearctic Microlepidoptera (including Pyralidae). The expertise of Dr. Diakonoff, particularly in Tortricidae, provides a welcome coverage for the included species. This is especially true for the previously conglomerated assortment of species placed in Glyphipterigidae by E. Meyrick and the fact that until recently this classification was followed by most works on the Palearctic fauna. The previous concept of Glyphipterigidae has been considerably altered in the past decade; where Meyrick had over 1,200 species worldwide in one family, we now have four separate families and part of a fifth family for …

Promatsumura, Replacement Name For Procloeon Matsumura, 1931 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) With Designation Of Type-Species, Michael D. Hubbard

Insecta Mundi

Promatsumura is proposed as a replacement name for the taxonomically unavailable generic name Procloeon Matsumura, 1931, and Procloeon nipponicum Matsumura is designated as the type-species.

A Review Of Minilimosina (Svarciella) Rohacek, With Descriptions Of Fourteen New Species (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae), J. Rohacek, S. A. Marshall

Insecta Mundi

A worldwide review of Minilimosina (Svarciella) Rohicek 1983, comprising 27 species, is provided, with data about the primary types, published descriptions and figures, synonyms and distribution including new records. A key to Svarciella species is presented and 14 new species are described and illustrated: M. floreni (Sweden), M. aterga, M. fanta, M. furculipexa, M. brachyptera, M. amphicuspa (all Nepal), M. triplex, M. comigera (both Malaysia), M. concinna, M. hastata (both Philippines), M. spinifera (Papua New Guinea), M. flagrella (Bismarck Is.), M. xanthosceles (Ecuador) and M. xestops (USA: Florida). M. furculisterna (Deeming 1969) is redescribed, including the previously undescribed female, and …

Book Review: Evolutionary Biology Of Orthopteroid Insects, Thomas J. Walker

Insecta Mundi

This volume is the proceedings of an international conference on the evolution and phylogeny of Orthopteroidea, held in Siena, Italy, January 1986. The occasion for the conference was the 90th birthday of Dr. Felice Capra, of the Museo di Storia Nutrale di Genova. The proceedings consist of 53 papers, in English, ranging in length from 111 pages (Baccetti) to less than one page of text (Carlberg). Their subject matter is similarly diverse - as one would expect if more than 50 orthopterists were invited to give papers at a conference of this title.

A Checklist Of The Ants Of Wyoming (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), G. C. Wheeler, Jeanette Wheeler

Insecta Mundi

The history of myrmrecology in Wyoming began when Fore1 described a new species, obscuripes in the genus Formica from Green River in 1886, four years before Wyoming Territory became a state. There was a long hiatus until 1932 when Cole cited ten records for Pogonomyrmex occidentalis. Since then a dozen authors have published one to many records each.

During the summers of 1957, 1958, 1961, 1963, 1964,1965 and 1966, while we were still at the University of North Dakota (Grand Forks), we made a dozen field trips into Wyoming to observe and collect ants in 12 of the 23 …

Proceedings Of The Ninth Annual Joint Research Meeting Ccnt / Csiro / Dpif / Wada, Ian T. Riley

All other publications

Abstracts

Overview of WADA involvement in cropping the Kimberley - McGhie, D.A. WADA

Overview CSIRO Division Tropical Crpos and Pastures - Winter, W.H. CSIRO

An overview of a program for developing a comprehensive crop yield simulation in the tropics - McCown, R. CSIRO

Developing a family of crop models for SA using the CERES framwork - Carberry, P.S. CSIRO

Development of a model of the N cyle of crop-pasture rotations in the semi-arid tropic. - Dimes, J.P., McCowan, R.L. , Saffinga*, P.G. and Myers, R.J. CSIRO

Visual/Interactive CERES Models. - Hargreaves, J. and Carberry, P. CSIRO

The applicability of a …

Department Of Entomology Newsletter - No. 5, Part 1, 1988, George R. Manglitz

Hexapod Herald and Other Entomology Department Newsletters

When the last Newsletter was published in 1976 (No.4), it was assumed that it would be followed by another In 4 or 5 years. And indeed, considerable effort has been expended on the production of No.5. However, for various very good reasons No.5, although close to publication several times, aborted several times. Now largely because this is the centennial year of our Department, we feel that we can wait no longer. Because of that fact, the format of this Newsletter will be slightly different from those in the past. We have the "news" that you furnished about yourselves 5 or …

Influence Of Wind And Windbreaks On Local Dispersal Of Insects, Judith Pasek

Judith E Pasek

Insect dispersal is affected by the wind and as a result, influenced by the presence of windbreaks. Wind reductions, microclimate modifications and vegetative diversity, influence insect distribution in sheltered areas.

Wingless insects and very small insects generally depend on air currents to carry them to new sites, but they tend to settle in areas with low windspeeds. It is often more advantageous for a flying insect to remain within its boundary layer where windspeeds are lower than the insect's flight speed. Flying insects tend to accumulate in areas of reduced windspeed where they have greater control of flight; however, distribution …

Focality And Mobility Of Some Peridomestic Cockroaches In Florida (Dictyoptera: Blattaria), Richard J. Brenner

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

The microhabitat distribution and activities of peridomestic cockroaches were examined (August to October 1985) at three sites in northcentral Florida to assess concentration, immobility, and accessibility of populations. Smokybrown cockroaches, Periplaneta fuliginosa (Serville), and Eurycotis floridana (Walker) accounted for at least 67% of cumulative recaptures at each site. Populations were strongly concentrated in palms, trees with treeholes, woodpiles, and (to a lesser extent) various mulches; salient differences were observed for each species, indicating a partitioning of resources. Recapture rates were high, averaging >62% over all three sites for females of both species; rates were significantly lower for males (P < 0.05), but still averaged >40%. …

Differential Susceptibility Of Japanese Beetle, Oriental Beetle, And European Chafer (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Larvae To Five Soil Insecticides, M. G. Villani, Robert J. Wright, P. B. Baker

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

Efficacy of bendiocarb, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, ethoprop, and isofenphos was evaluated against last-instar larvae of European chafer, Rhizotrogus majalis (Razoumowsky), Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, and Oriental beetle, Anomala orientalis Waterhouse, by incorporating insecticides into soil at one-half New York State recommended rates in a laboratory bioassay. Mortality was assessed at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 wk. The experiment was repeated three times with white grubs collected at different times and from different locations in New York. White grub species differed significantly in their response to some of the insecticides; European chafer was generally least susceptible. Diazinon provided high mortality …

Generic Key To The Known Larvae Of The Cucujidae, Passandridae, And Silvanidae Of America North Of Mexico (Coleoptera), M. C. Thomas

Insecta Mundi

Illustrated generic identification keys are presented to the known larvae of Cucujidae, Passandridae, and Silvanidae occurring in America north of Mexico.

A New Schizomus From The Indian State Of Maharashtra, With Additional Comments On Eyed Schizomids (Arachnida: Schizomidae), James C. Cokendolpher, W. David Sissom, D. B. Bastawade

Insecta Mundi

A new species of Schizomus is described from the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the fourth described schizomid to possess convex ocelli. New information is given regarding some old records attributed to S. cambridgei (Thorell), species inquirenda. The female spermathecae of S. bagnallii (Jackson) and S. biocellatus Sissom are described and illustrated, and other characters of the two species are discussed.

Paederus, Sensu Lato (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae): An Index And Review Of The Taxa, J. H. Frank

Insecta Mundi

Generic, subgeneric, specific, subspecific, and inlra-subspecific names in Paederus (sensu lato) are compiled alphabetically with literature references, showing that 622 specific names stand in the literature as valid. Five replacement names are required due to homonymy: Paederus cumanus Frank [nom. nou. for Paederus bicolor Wendeler nec Olivier], Paederus sulawesi Frank [nom. nov. for Paederus melanocephlus Heller nec Fabricius], Paederus zairensis Frank [nom. nov. for Paederus orophilus Fagel nec Paederidus brunnescens orophilus (Fagel)], Paederus irianensis Frank [nom. nou. for Paederus litoreus Last nec Paederus littoreus Austin], and Oreopaederus manyemensis Frank [nom. nm. for Oreopaederus ater (Bernhauer) nec Paederidus rubrothoracicus ater (Eichler)]. …

Book Review: The Leafhoppers And Planthoppers, 1985, Frank W. Mead

Insecta Mundi

This book is composed of 19 chapters written primarily. by U.S. authors but enriched in 9 of the chapters by contributors from Great Britain, Egypt, Costa Rica, Colombia, and Italy. The chapters have sprung primarily from a symposium in honor of Dwight M. DeLong at the 1983 Entomological Society of America meeting in Detroit, Michigan. Practically all aspects of science concerning leafhoppers (Cicadellidae) and planthoppers (Fulgoroidea) are treated. The beginning chapters are on the life and contributions of Dr. DeLong and on the systematics and morphology of leafhoppers and planthoppers. Following that are a variety of contributions which utilized many …

Alternation Of Sex Ratio In A Partially Bivoltine Bee., Megachile Rotundata (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), V. J. Tepedino, F. D. Parker

Entomology Papers from Other Sources

Data on offspring production by the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata (F.), from three site-years were used to examine predictions of parental investment and sex ratio theory. In northern Utah, spring-emergent adults produce two types of offspring: those that develop directly to the adult stage and emerge in midsummer, and those that develop to the prepupal stage and enter diapause until the following year. For species with this kind of life cycle, it has been hypothesized that spring parents should bias their investment in summer emergent progeny towards females if spring males survive to participate in the summer mating. Results …

Entomogenous Nematodes As Biological Control Agents Of European Chafer And Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Larvae Infesting Turfgrass, M. G. Villani, Robert J. Wright

Department of Entomology: Faculty Publications

In laboratory studies, infective juveniles of Steinernema feltiae Filipjev (=Neoaplectana carpocapsae Weiser) (All strain) and Heterorhabditis heliothidis (Khan, Brooks & Hirschmann) were tested for their ability to control third-instar European chafer (EC), Rhizotrogus majalis (Razoumowsky), in soil at rates from 19.4-310.0 nematodes per cm² of soil surface. H. heliothidis provided better control of EC larvae than S. feltiae over the range of rates tested. After 25 d, treatment with H. heliothidis provided 94% control of larvae at the lowest rate tested (19.4 per cm²). In a field test in turf against a mixed population of Japanese beetle, …

Environmental Effects On Remating In Drosophila Melanogaster, Lawrence G. Harshman, Ary A. Hoffman, Timothy Prout

Lawrence G. Harshman Publications

The effects of density and food on remating were investigated using Drosophila melanogaster. The frequency of remating was unaffected by density for some combinations of fly strains but was reduced at low relative densities for other combinations. Until females had used most of their stored sperm, remating was less likely when food was absent or contact with food was prevented. Food availability had little effect on the incidence of remating once stored sperm were depleted and had no effect on initial virgin mating frequency. This study indicates that environmental factors can have a substantial direct influence on the frequency …

A Revision Of The New World Species Of Cryptolestes Ganglbauer (Coleoptera: Cucujidae: Laemophloeinae), M. C. Thomas

Insecta Mundi

The New World species of Cryptolestes Ganglbauer are revised and keys, diagnoses, descriptions, and illustrations are provided for the 13 non-economic species. Six stored products species of the genus are also keyed and illustrated. Two species, Laemophloeus pubescens Casey and L. bicolor Chevrolat, are reassigned to Cryptolestes. Eight new species are described: C. dissimulatus (southwestern United States); C. dybasi (Florida); C. mexicanus (Mexico and Guatemala); C. capillulus (Brazil); C. spatulifer (Argentina); C. trinidadensis (Trinidad); C. ampiyacus (Peru); and C. calabozus (Venezuela). Cryptolestes uncicornis (Reitter) is revived from synonymy under C. punctatus (LeConte), C. schwarzi (Casey) is revived from synonymy …

A Key To Species Of The Genus Primeuchroeus And Descriptions Of New Species (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), Richard M. Bohart

Insecta Mundi

A key is given to 32 species of Primeuchroeus from the Australian, Oriental and Ethiopian Regions. New species are indiacus from India, and 6 species from Australia. The latter are cardaleae, commoni, gressitti, horningi, thorpi, and uqua.

The Status Of The Names Clytus Horridus Leconte And Clytus Leucozonus Castelnau & Gory (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), Richard L. Hoffman

Insecta Mundi

Much of the confusion that has plagued the two species considered here originated from the failure of previous authors to examine pertinent type material. I made a special effort to examine types of as many names as readily available, and in addition appealed to a number of museums and individuals for the loan of (or information about) material of horridus and muricatulus in order to account for the range and variation of these taxa. C. horridus, although widely distributed, is by no means common and many - even large - collections have few if any specimens of it.

Material …