Life Sciences Commons^™

Vertebral Pathology In Prehistoric And Historic Skeletons From Northeastern Nebraska, Karin L. Sandness, Karl J. Reinhard

Karl Reinhard Publications

Vertebral pathology has long been a useful criterion for anthropologists in the assessment of activity patterns, stress, and general health of extinct peoples. This method of analysis, however, has never been applied to the peoples of the Nebraska Great Plains. This study is the first to concentrate on the indigenous Native Americans of this region, examining the spinal pathology present in the prehistoric and historic skeletal remains. Pathology present in the form of spondylolysis, Schmorl's nodes, osteophytosis (degenerative disc disease), and osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease), provides evidence to suggest differing activity patterns and levels of stress in Plains groups before …

Dan Canyon Burial: A Piii Burial In Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, Steve Dominguez, Karl Reinhard, Kari L. Sandness, Cherie A. Edwards, Dennis Danielson, F. A. Calabrese, Chris Kincaid

Karl Reinhard Publications

The Dan Canyon burial was discovered at a time when the philosophy, ethics, and legislation concerning the study of human remains are in a state of flux. A number of important sensitive issues germane to managers, archeologists, and American Indians are discussed in the introduction. The subsequent analysis provides a detailed scientific account of these remains and a glimpse of a segment of a people's past lifeway while remaining sensitive to the wishes of the American Indians.

The burial and associated grave goods of site 42SA21339 were exposed by wave action in a location frequented by boaters at the Glen …

Distribution Of Aeschynomene Virginica And Bacopa Innominata Along The Proposed Alternative Routes For The Sr629 Mattaponi River Crossing Upgrade Project, James E. Perry

Reports

Four wetland macrophytes of interest are found in the region of the proposed upgrade of the State Route 629 bridge crossing of the Mattaponi River. Two of these are State listed endangered or threatened species: the sensitive joint vetch (Aeschynomene virginica) and the mat-forming water-hyssop (Bacopa innominata). Two species, Long's bittercress (Cardamine longii) and Parker's pip~wort (Eriocaulon parkeri) are included on the Virginia watch list (Ludwig, 1992).

The purpose of this study was to locate and describe plant populations of the specified species (i.e. determine the size, spatial distribution, and density of extant populations) within a specified range of each …

The Effects Of Gull Predation On The Colony Reproductive Success Of Terns And Skimmers In Virginia, Timothy J. O'Connell

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Shoreline Habitat Selection By Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus Leucocephalus) In A Non-Breeding Eagle Concentration-Area On The James River, Virginia, Kennedy H. Clark

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

A Vegetational Analysis Of Interdunal Swale Communities Of False Cape State Park, Currituck Spit, Virginia, Heather A. Jones

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Hardwood Forest In The Coastal Plain Of Virginia East Of The Suffolk Scarp, Penelope Williams Cazier

Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Clear The Air, Robert L. Fischman

Articles by Maurer Faculty

No abstract provided.

Specimen Catalog, Sandra L. Brantley

Division of Mammals - Field Notes and Catalogs

No abstract provided.

Test Detects Resistant Green Peach Aphids In Lupins, Francoise Berlandier, Ian Dadour

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Confirmation of insecticide resistance in green peach aphid in Western Australia's lupin crops means farmers will have to choose insecticides much more carefully to control this pest. Resistance within an aphid population varies, and when resistant aphids are no longer exposed to insecticides, they may revert back to being susceptible in as little as one generation. Furthermore, when these revertant populations are exposed to the same insecticides in the future, resistance quickly reoccurs. In this article, the authors discuss a test to determine the extent of insecticide resistance in green peach aphid and how to manage it.

Australian Genetic Resources Of Trifolium And Ornithopus Species, Richard Snowball, Kevin Foster, Bill Collins

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The introduction of improved pasture legumes into the cereal growing areas of southern Australia changed the face of our agricultural systems.

Subterranean clover was the first pasture legume to have a major impact, and the first varieties were available commercially in the 1930s. Since then, many varieties have been released, leading to the most recent release of Denmark, Gou/bum and Leura in 1992.

The development of burr, barrel and murex medics also had an impact on the pasture production of less acid heavy soils. Yellow serradella is still being developed for the more acid sandy soils.

This development of improved …

On The Trail Of The Native Budworm, Kevin Walden

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Native budworm, the worst pest of lupins, is a bit of a uiill-o-the-unsp. Some years the native budworm moths go virtually unnoticed. In others, they appear in plague proportions without warning - in these years, the cost to growers in lost yield runs into millions of dollars.

If an early warning system can be developed to predict the extent of moth flights into lupin crops, and this seems possible, major crop losses could be averted.

The Department of Agriculture has started research to develop a system of predicting the size of spring flights of native budworm moth. We need to …

The Effects Of Beaver-Created Wetlands On Surface Water Quality Of Streams And Rivers In Dupage County, Illinois, Brian Conklin

Masters Theses

Dam construction by beavers creates wetlands which have the potential to improve water quality, especially in areas near urban centers. However, beaver dams may also cause flooding problems which can result in the removal of the beaver(s) and the destruction of their dam. A further understanding of how beaver-created wetlands affect water quality will provide additional data which can be utilized in beaver management decisions.

In this study, 41 chemical parameters were examined from water taken above and below beaver-created wetlands that existed in DuPage County, Illinois between May and September 1991. This study was designed to examine the effects …

Predation Risk And Feeding Site Preferences In Winter Foraging Birds, Yen-Min Kuo

Masters Theses

A foraging animal's choice of feeding location may represent a trade-off between maximizing its energy or nutrient intake and avoiding predation. In the present study, two hypotheses were investigated to test the influence of predation risk on feeding site preferences of birds: 1) there are differences among the preferences of feeding heights of birds, 2) the magnitude of preference increases with increasing predation risk found in different habitats. In my study site, three feeding stations (located in the woods, the woods/field edge, and an open field) each containing three feeders (0 m, 1.5 m, and 3 m from the ground) …

Effects Of The Argentine Ant On Arthropod Fauna Of Hawaiian High-Elevation Shrubland, F Cole, Arthur Madeiros, Lloyd Loope, William Zuehlke

F. Russell Cole

Human-caused biological invasions by an alien species are a worldwide phenomenon. They are particularly significant on isolated oceanic islands and represent a serious threat to endemic biota. The Argentine ant (Iridomyrmex humilis) has become established in portions of the high-elevation shrubland of Haleakala National Park, Maui, Hawaii, over the past 25 yr. This ecosystem lacks native ants but possesses many locally endemic and rare anthropod species. Pitfall trapping and under-rock surveys were conducted to determine the effects of I. humilis on the local arthropod fauna. More than 180 taxa were sampled, mostly Arthropoda. Presence of the Argentine ant is associated …

The Prairie Naturalist Volume 23, No. 4. December 1991

The Prairie Naturalist

Paul B. Kannowski, Editor

Nikki R. Seabloom, Assistant Editor

Douglas H. Johnson, Book Review Editor

CONTENTS

KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS RESPONSE TO BURNING: INTERACTIONS BETWEEN FIRE AND SOIL MOISTURE ▪ G. W. Blankespoor and B. S. Bich

FORAGE PRODUCTION AND USE ON BIGHORN SHEEP WINTER RANGE

FOLLOWING SPRING BURNING IN GRASSLAND AND PONDEROSA PINE HABITATS ▪ T. G. Easterly and K. J. Jenkins

SHORT-TERM MORTALITY OF SMALLMOUTH BASS CAUGHT DURING A LIVE-RELEASE TOURNAMENT AT LAKE OAHE, SOUTH DAKOTA ▪ J. J. Jackson and D. W. Willis

CRAYFISH IN SAND LAKE NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE ▪ C. D. Dieter

PIPING PLOVERS NEST ON DRY …

Remote Estimation Of The Diffuse Attenuation Coefficient In A Moderately Turbid Estuary, Richard P. Stumpf, Jonathan Pennock

School of Marine Science and Ocean Engineering

Abstract

Population Ecology Of Polydora Ligni (Polychaeta: Spionidae). I. Seasonal Variation In Population Characteristics And Reproductive Activity, Roman Zajac

Biology and Environmental Science Faculty Publications

A population of the polychaete Polydora ligni Webster was studied during 1982 and 1983 in Alewife Cove, Connecticut, USA, to determine seasonal changes in population characteristics. During early spring (March and April), the population was comprised of primarily large adults that had over-wintered. Females in this group exhibited the highest mean individual fecundity over the year (> 2000 larvae per brood). However, total larval production at this time was low (5200 to 208 000 larvae m^-2 per 14 d) due to low densities of adults. Population density increased slowly during spring as juveniles produced by overwintering adults recruited into …

Population Ecology Of Polydora Ligni (Polychaeta: Spionidae). Ii. Seasonal Demographic Variation And Its Potential Impact On Life History Evolution, Roman Zajac

Biology and Environmental Science Faculty Publications

Seasonal demographic variation was studied in an estuarine population of the opportunistic polychaete Polydora ligni between May 1982 and November 1983 in Alewife Cove, Connecticut, USA. The demography of 15 cohorts settling during this period was analyzed using life cycle graph models. Cohorts settling in spring and early summer had the shortest life spans (≈ 10 wk); highest survivorship over all life cycle stages and adult females produced an estimated maximum of 6 larval broods. Early adult stages contributed most to population growth during this period, and the potential for population growth, λ, was the highest during the study. Late …

Flocking Behavior Of Migratory Warblers In Winter In The Virgin Islands, David N. Ewert, Robert A. Askins

Biology Faculty Publications

We assessed the flocking behavior of birds on St. John and St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands, with systematic surveys along trails in moist forests. Winter residents (species breeding in North America and that winter in the Virgin Islands), all of which were warblers, comprised 91% of the individuals found in 28 flocks but only 49% of solitary individuals. The average flock size was 4.0 individuals of 3.1 species, and did not differ between St. John and St. Thomas even though the average forest tract on St. John (1,000 ha) was much larger than on St. Thomas (62 ha). Northern Parula …

Consumption Of Solid Food By Suckling Pigs: Individual Variation And Relation To Weight Gain, Edmond A. Pajor, David Fraser, Donald L. Kramer

Feeding Behavior Collection

Individual daily consumption of supplementary solid food ('creep feed') was measured from Day 10 to weaning at Day 28 for 39 piglets in four litters, and its relationship to body weight and weight gain up to Day 42 was investigated. Individual consumption was measured by combining the weight of the feed removed from the dispensers (monitored electronically) and a video image of piglet activity at the feeder. Creep feed consumption varied greatly, both between and within litters. On average, pigs began feeding on Day 12 (range Day 10-28), intake was relatively low (usually < 5 g day ^‒1) until Day 20 but increased …

Control Of Ring-Billed Gulls And Herring Gulls Nesting At Urban And Industrial Sites In Ontario, 1987-1990, Hans Blokpoel, Gaston D. Tessier

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Large numbers of ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) and much smaller numbers of herring gulls (L. argentatus) have begun to nest at several industrial and urban sites in the Canadian Great Lakes causing a flight safety problem (nesting at end of a runway), disrupting commercial operations (nesting on roads and storage yards), and creating nuisances (noise and smell of the colony and defecations on equipment). Gulls were prevented from nesting by scaring (using tethered birds of prey, moving vehicles, and foot patrols equipped with cracker shells) or by physically excluding them (by installing monofilament lines). At some …

Sheep And Goat Losses To Predators In The United States, Guy Connolly

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

This paper analyzes and compares 3 recent estimates of the value of sheep, lambs, and goats killed by predators in the United States. The estimates, by Pearson (1986a,b), the General Accounting Office (GAO 1990), and the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS 1991b), varied from $18 million to $59.7 million annually due to differences in scope, assumptions, data, and estimation methods of the 3 studies. Pearson's and NASS's estimates of the value of sheep and lambs lost to predators in 17 western states totaled $38.3 million and $18.3 million in 1984 and 1990, respectively. The difference between …

An Avian/Airport Study For Standiford Airport, Louisville, Kentucky: Results And Management Implications, Bernice U. Constantin, John K. Floyd

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

An avian/airport study was conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Animal Damage Control (ADC) from 9 February 1989-18 March 1990 to evaluate near-term bird control needs at Standiford Field Airport (SDF), Louisville, Kentucky. Field surveys were performed on SDF and the Outer Loop Landfill (OLL) to gather data on both daily and seasonal trends in bird activity and effectiveness of management efforts employed by the OLL operator to control bird activity. Data for high-interest species groups were sorted according to site, time of day, weather, and month. Raptors were present at the airport …

Effectiveness Of Drc-1339 Baiting For Reducing Blackbird Damage To Sprouting Rice, James F. Glahn, E. Allen Wilson

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

Under a Special Local Needs (Section 24[c]) registration, the effectiveness of a 2% DRC-1339-treated brown rice baiting program to reduce bird damage to sprouting rice was evaluated during 1989 and 1990 at the Millers Lake blackbird roost, Evangeline Parish, Louisiana. After prebaiting with untreated rice, treated bait diluted with untreated rice at a ratio of 1:50 or 1:25 in 1989, and 1:10 in 1990, was applied at a rate of 112 kg/ha at sites strategically located under blackbird flightlines. Total treated bait mixtures applied to these sites were 3,487 kg in 1989 and 3,071 kg in 1990, of which an …

Effectiveness Of A Vertical 3-Wire Electric Fence Modified With Attractants Or Repellents As A Deer Exclosure, Don M. Jordan Jr., Milo E. Richmond

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

We conducted experiments with behavioral conditioning of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) using vertical 3-wire, electrified fencing modified with either an attractant or a repellent in order to test the idea that an attractant or repellent, coupled with an electric shock, would be a more effective deterrent than a random shock or no shock at all. Exclosures measuring 6 x 6 m with 3 wires at heights of 50, 100, and 150 cm were established at 2 study sites in Tompkins County, New York. Each site contained 4 exclosures which were either nonelectrified (control), electrified, electrified with an attractant, …

Training Tomorrow's Specialists In Wildlife Damage Management, Robert H. Scmidt, Michael R. Conover, Raymond D. Dueser, Frederick F. Knowlton, Terry A. Messmer

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

In 1990, Utah State University (USU) established a U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Animal Damage Control (ADC)-funded center dedicated to research, education, and extension in wildlife damage management. USU's Program in Wildlife Damage Management is designed to increase appreciation for wildlife damage management among wildlife professionals, provide superior training for future practitioners of wildlife damage management through education and innovative research, and create better public understanding of the role of wildlife damage management in today's society.

Perceptions About Crop Yields And Losses To White-Tailed Deer On Farms Surrounding Gettysburg National Military Park, Gary M. Vecellio, Gerald L. Storm, Richard H. Yahner

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

A questionnaire was developed and mailed to 340 farm operators within 8 km of Gettysburg National Military Park and Eisenhower National Historic Site, southcentral Pennsylvania. Names and addresses were derived from a list of farm operators and large-parcel landowners provided by the Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service of Adams County. A cover letter and accompanying questionnaire were mailed on 11 November 1987. After 3 weeks, nonrespondents were mailed a postcard reminding them of the survey. Those still not responding were mailed another questionnaire on 17 December. Our objectives were to determine the perceptions of farm operators concerning crop yields, and …

Agricultural Producers' Estimates Of Wildlife Causing Damage In Eastern States, Alice P. Wywialowski, Robert H. Beach

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) conducted a nationwide survey of agricultural producers to determine what proportion of producers were sustaining losses caused by wildlife and which wildlife species were believed to be responsible for the damage. The survey was conducted in August 1989 for the USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Animal Damage Control (ADC). Results are based on useable responses received from 5,085 farmers in the eastern United States. The results presented here may differ from a previous press release by NASS because losses and animals causing losses were determined specifically …

Extension Wildlife Damage Management In Alabama, James B. Armstrong

Wildlife Damage Management Conference

I present a compilation of wildlife damage data collected via a mail survey distributed to 146 county agents of the Alabama Cooperative Extension Service. A 55% response rate was obtained with 2 mailings. Snakes and rodents were the cause of most wildlife damage complaints. Regional differences in the number of complaints were observed for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), coyotes (Canis latrans), and nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus). Information collected was used to: (1) determine the status of wildlife damage in Alabama from the perspective of the county extension agents; (2) target educational programs; and (3) …