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Animal Sciences

Portland State University

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Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences

Supply Is Not Limulus: Research Review Of Horseshoe Crab Conservation In The Face Of Intense Pharmaceutical Demand, Zoya Galeev Mar 2024

Supply Is Not Limulus: Research Review Of Horseshoe Crab Conservation In The Face Of Intense Pharmaceutical Demand, Zoya Galeev

University Honors Theses

Horseshoe crabs are being used by the pharmaceutical industry to conduct endotoxin tests using LAL derived from the organism’s blood to ensure safe medical practice. Their annual collection and bleeding, while not always leading to mortality, affects horseshoe crab behavior and health. This research seeks to understand how the American horseshoe crab, L. polyphemus, is being used by pharmaceutical agencies and the implications that their harvesting has on the industry and the conservation of the species. Studies were collected from the past decade across two databases, Web of Science (WOS) and PubMed, to assess present conservation techniques to reduce …


Oregon State Rank Assessment For Golden Eagle (Aquila Chrysaetos), Misty Nelson Jan 2024

Oregon State Rank Assessment For Golden Eagle (Aquila Chrysaetos), Misty Nelson

Institute for Natural Resources Publications

Oregon state conservation status assessment for Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) using NatureServe methodology, 2024.


Oregon State Ranking Assessment For Morrison Bumblebee (Bombus Morrisoni), Misty Nelson Dec 2023

Oregon State Ranking Assessment For Morrison Bumblebee (Bombus Morrisoni), Misty Nelson

Institute for Natural Resources Publications

Oregon state conservation status assessment for Morrison bumblebee (Bombus morrisoni) using NatureServe methodology, 2023.


Oregon State Rank Assessment For Yellow Bumblebee (Bombus Fervidus), Misty Nelson Dec 2023

Oregon State Rank Assessment For Yellow Bumblebee (Bombus Fervidus), Misty Nelson

Institute for Natural Resources Publications

Oregon state conservation status assessment for Yellow bumblebee (Bombus fervidus) using NatureServe methodology, 2023.


How Beavers (Castor Canadensis) Affect Habitat Availability For Two Native Oregon Turtles: Actinemys Marmorata And Chrysemys Picta Bellii, Rodé Krige Dec 2023

How Beavers (Castor Canadensis) Affect Habitat Availability For Two Native Oregon Turtles: Actinemys Marmorata And Chrysemys Picta Bellii, Rodé Krige

University Honors Theses

Oregon is home to two native freshwater turtle species: the northwestern pond turtle and the western painted turtle. Both turtles are Oregon conservation strategy species with a status rating of sensitive, indicating declining populations. Oregon’s decline in these turtle’s populations is thought to be predominantly due to loss and degradation of habitat that results from development and urbanization. Beavers’ ability to dam streams and create ponds may be creating habitat usable by turtles, but the relationship is under-studied. This study assessed water temperature, basking habitat, and overall turtle habitat suitability at beaver-dammed and control ponds in Portland, Oregon. Average basking …


The Distribution And Reproductive Success Of The Western Snowy Plover Along The Central And Southern Oregon Coast - 2023, David J. Lauten, Kathleen A. Castelein, Mary Lee, Jacey Corrente, Marty R. Mccamant, Eleanor P. Gaines Dec 2023

The Distribution And Reproductive Success Of The Western Snowy Plover Along The Central And Southern Oregon Coast - 2023, David J. Lauten, Kathleen A. Castelein, Mary Lee, Jacey Corrente, Marty R. Mccamant, Eleanor P. Gaines

Institute for Natural Resources Publications

We monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally threatened Western Snowy Plover (Anarhynchus nivosus nivosus) along the central and south coast of Oregon from 4 April – 15 September 2023. We surveyed and monitored plover activity in a project area that included, from north to south, Sutton Beach, Siltcoos River estuary, the Dunes Overlook, North Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, Coos Bay North Spit, Bandon Snowy Plover Management Area, New River Habitat Restoration Area (HRA) and adjacent lands, and Floras Lake. Our objectives for the project area in 2023 were to: 1) estimate the size of the adult Snowy …


Oregon State Ranking Assessment For Harney Basin Duskysnail (Colligyrus Depressus), Misty Nelson Nov 2023

Oregon State Ranking Assessment For Harney Basin Duskysnail (Colligyrus Depressus), Misty Nelson

Institute for Natural Resources Publications

Oregon State Ranking Assessment for Harney Basin Duskysnail (Colligyrus depressus) by the Oregon Biodiversity Information Center, following NatureServe 2023 methodology.


Oregon State Rank Assesment For Johnson's Hairstreak (Callophrys Johnsoni), Misty Nelson Nov 2023

Oregon State Rank Assesment For Johnson's Hairstreak (Callophrys Johnsoni), Misty Nelson

Institute for Natural Resources Publications

Oregon state conservation status assessment for Johnson's hairstreak (Callophrys johnsoni) using NatureServe methodology, 2023.


Oregon State Ranking Assessment For Columbia Pebblesnail (Fluminicola Fuscus), Misty Nelson Nov 2023

Oregon State Ranking Assessment For Columbia Pebblesnail (Fluminicola Fuscus), Misty Nelson

Institute for Natural Resources Publications

Oregon State Ranking Assessment for Columbia pebblesnail (Fluminicola fuscus) by the Oregon Biodiversity Information Center, following NatureServe 2023 methodology.


Oregon State Ranking Assessment For Umatilla Dace (Rhinichthys Umatilla), Misty Nelson Nov 2023

Oregon State Ranking Assessment For Umatilla Dace (Rhinichthys Umatilla), Misty Nelson

Institute for Natural Resources Publications

Oregon State Ranking Assessment for Umatilla dace (Rhinichthys umatilla) by the Oregon Biodiversity Information Center, following NatureServe 2023 methodology.


Oregon State Ranking Assessment For Preble's Shrew (Sorex Preblei), Misty Nelson Oct 2023

Oregon State Ranking Assessment For Preble's Shrew (Sorex Preblei), Misty Nelson

Institute for Natural Resources Publications

Oregon State Ranking Assessment for Preble's shrew (Sorex preblei) by the Oregon Biodiversity Information Center, following NatureServe 2023 methodology.


Oregon State Ranking Assessment For Lewis's Woodpecker (Melanerpes Lewis), Misty Nelson Oct 2023

Oregon State Ranking Assessment For Lewis's Woodpecker (Melanerpes Lewis), Misty Nelson

Institute for Natural Resources Publications

Oregon State Ranking Assessment for Lewis's woodpecker (Melanerpes lewis) by the Oregon Biodiversity Information Center, following NatureServe 2023 methodology.


Oregon State Rank Assessment For Western Toad (Anaxyrus Boreas), Misty Nelson Oct 2023

Oregon State Rank Assessment For Western Toad (Anaxyrus Boreas), Misty Nelson

Institute for Natural Resources Publications

Oregon state conservation status assessment for Western toad (Anaxyrus boreas) using NatureServe methodology, 2023.


Genetic Considerations For The Conservation Of The Red Junglefowl, Courtney Lee Mcpheron Jun 2023

Genetic Considerations For The Conservation Of The Red Junglefowl, Courtney Lee Mcpheron

University Honors Theses

The undomesticated wild populations of our domestic species deserve heightened consideration when it comes to their conservation. Not only do they carry significant socio-cultural and economic roles, but they offer an exceptionally unique case study for population genetics. The red junglefowl (Gallus gallus) of southern and south-eastern Asia is considered to be the living ancestor and progenitor of the domestic chicken. This literature review examines how published research has evaluated its genetic relationship with the chicken and implications for its conservation. A special emphasis is given to the threat of genetic introgression with domestic and feral chicken populations …


Management Plan For The Western Painted Turtle At The Sandy River Delta In Troutdale, Oregon, Emma Scott Apr 2023

Management Plan For The Western Painted Turtle At The Sandy River Delta In Troutdale, Oregon, Emma Scott

Environmental Science and Management Professional Master's Project Reports

This management plan has been prepared for the Lower Columbia Estuary Partnership and is intended to provide guidance for the improvement and protection of western painted turtle (Chrysemys picta bellii) habitat at the Sandy River Delta in Troutdale, Oregon. The Sandy River Delta is a 1500-acre natural area situated where the Columbia and Sandy Rivers meet. Its dynamic floodplain habitat supports a diverse assemblage of species, including the western painted turtle, an Oregon Conservation Strategy Species. A small, unknown number of western painted turtles utilize the wetland habitats of the Sandy River Delta, and the frequency in observations …


Oregon State Rank Assessment For Pacific Brook Lamprey (Lampetra Pacifica), Eleanor P. Gaines Jan 2023

Oregon State Rank Assessment For Pacific Brook Lamprey (Lampetra Pacifica), Eleanor P. Gaines

Institute for Natural Resources Publications

Oregon state conservation status assessment for Pacific Brook Lamprey (Lampetra pacifica) using NatureServe methodology, 2023.


Oregon State Rank Assessment For California Slender Salamander (Batrachoseps Attenuatus), Misty Nelson Jan 2023

Oregon State Rank Assessment For California Slender Salamander (Batrachoseps Attenuatus), Misty Nelson

Institute for Natural Resources Publications

Oregon state conservation status assessment for California Slender Salamander (Batrachoseps attenuatus) using NatureServe methodology, 2023


The Distribution And Reproductive Success Of The Western Snowy Plover Along The Oregon Coast - 2022, David J. Lauten, Kathleen A. Castelein, Daniel Farrar, Mary Lee, Eleanor P. Gaines Dec 2022

The Distribution And Reproductive Success Of The Western Snowy Plover Along The Oregon Coast - 2022, David J. Lauten, Kathleen A. Castelein, Daniel Farrar, Mary Lee, Eleanor P. Gaines

Institute for Natural Resources Publications

We monitored the distribution, abundance and productivity of the federally threatened Western Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus nivosus) along the central and south coast of Oregon from 1 April – 15 September 2022. We surveyed and monitored plover activity in a project area that included, from north to south, Sutton Beach, Siltcoos River estuary, the Dunes Overlook, North Tahkenitch Creek, Tenmile Creek, Coos Bay North Spit, Bandon Snowy Plover Management Area, New River Habitat Restoration Area (HRA) and adjacent lands, and Floras Lake. Our objectives for the project area in 2022 were to: 1) estimate the size of the adult Snowy …


Oregon State Rank Assessment For Southern Torrent Salamander (Rhyacotriton Variegatus), Eleanor P. Gaines Nov 2022

Oregon State Rank Assessment For Southern Torrent Salamander (Rhyacotriton Variegatus), Eleanor P. Gaines

Institute for Natural Resources Publications

Oregon state rank assessment for Southern torrent salamander (Rhyacotriton variegatus) following NatureServe methodology, 2022.


Oregon State Rank Assessment For Red Tree Vole (Arborimus Longicaudus), Eleanor P. Gaines Oct 2022

Oregon State Rank Assessment For Red Tree Vole (Arborimus Longicaudus), Eleanor P. Gaines

Institute for Natural Resources Publications

Oregon state conservation status assessment for Red tree vole (Arborimus longicaudus) using NatureServe methodology, 2022.


Oregon State Rank Assessment For Moose (Alces Alces), Eleanor P. Gaines Jun 2022

Oregon State Rank Assessment For Moose (Alces Alces), Eleanor P. Gaines

Institute for Natural Resources Publications

No abstract provided.


A Review Of Current Sea Cucumber And Apostichopus Californicus Knowledge And A Proposal For Future Research And Fishery Management, Lily Haug Jun 2022

A Review Of Current Sea Cucumber And Apostichopus Californicus Knowledge And A Proposal For Future Research And Fishery Management, Lily Haug

University Honors Theses

The sea cucumber species Apostichopus californicus is fished in the Pacific Northwest region of North America and has the potential to be an economically beneficial fisheries species. An understanding of their population levels must be present to sustainably regulate their harvest. Current fisheries in North America vary in their methodology and level of regulation. The current regulations are presented and their strengths and shortfalls are described. This review gathers research done on tropical sea cucumber species and presents that knowledge alongside that regarding Apostichopus californicus to suggest future research and fishery management strategies. A. californicus takes four years to sexually …


A Review Of Animal Welfare And Current Enrichment Methods For Captive Marine Mammals, Ashleigh I. Richardson Jun 2022

A Review Of Animal Welfare And Current Enrichment Methods For Captive Marine Mammals, Ashleigh I. Richardson

University Honors Theses

Animal care and conservation facilities such as zoos, aquaria, and marine mammal parks often utilize a variety of enrichments to deter stereotypic behaviors and improve overall animal welfare. Facilities that go through the intense accreditation process of one or more accreditation organizations must uphold the animal care standards and education requirements that these organizations call for. These care standards typically include regulations regarding animal training and enrichment, though the extent to which these regulations go into detail often vary from species to species and between organizations. The goal of this review was to assess the current standard of animal enrichment …


A Multi-Species Study On Several Types Of Visitor Effects On The Behavior And Physiology Of Animals At The Oregon Zoo, Laurel Berylline Fink May 2022

A Multi-Species Study On Several Types Of Visitor Effects On The Behavior And Physiology Of Animals At The Oregon Zoo, Laurel Berylline Fink

Dissertations and Theses

The visitor effect on zoo animals is one of the expanding research topics in zoo animal research. As visitors are a mandatory feature of zoological institutions, understanding their effects on zoo animals is imperative for maximizing zoo animal welfare. Zoo animals are subject to many anthropogenic influences: visual, olfactory, and audible, for example. This dissertation investigates several of the effects of visitor presence and its relative influence on six mammalian species: cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus), African painted dogs (Lycaon pictus), Asian elephants (Elephas maximus indicus & Elephas maximus borneensis), giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata & …


A Literary Examination Of The Efficacy Of Zoological Conservation In The United States Versus Foreign Efforts, Madeleine M. Lecorre Mar 2022

A Literary Examination Of The Efficacy Of Zoological Conservation In The United States Versus Foreign Efforts, Madeleine M. Lecorre

University Honors Theses

Falling into the top four threats to biodiversity, human activity is impacting species around the globe like never before. Zoological conservation of threatened species aids in the support and reestablishment of these dwindling populations. The examination of conservation work done in the U.S compared to foreign efforts provides insight into strengths, reveals weaknesses, and will help us better serve threatened species around the world. The status of conservation in the U.S. as well as foreign efforts were assessed through literary review of published reports from accredited organizations. As zoologic conservation aims to conserve threatened species, it is also important to …


A Survey Of The Solitary Native Bees Of The Leach Botanical Garden, And Their Floral Associations, Joshua Page Jan 2022

A Survey Of The Solitary Native Bees Of The Leach Botanical Garden, And Their Floral Associations, Joshua Page

Biology Undergraduate Departmental Honors Theses

Solitary native bees are known to be diverse, but are not well studied in Oregon. In order to identify the bee genera present in the Leach Botanical Garden, and their floral usage, a survey was conducted over 2020 and 2021. Biweekly sampling was used to collect bees on flowers, in order to obtain floral usage data. Bees were identified to genus with published taxonomic keys. In total, 19 genera of bees were found. Bee abundance fit a normal distribution, and peaked in July. Ceratina and Lasioglossum were a significant proportion of the population, and were present in the garden from …


Oregon State Rank Assessment For Cascade Torrent Salamander (Rhyacotriton Cascadae), Eleanor P. Gaines Jan 2022

Oregon State Rank Assessment For Cascade Torrent Salamander (Rhyacotriton Cascadae), Eleanor P. Gaines

Institute for Natural Resources Publications

Oregon state conservation status assessment for Cascade torrent salamander (Rhyacotriton cascadae) using NatureServe methodology, 2022


Oregon State Rank Assessment For Cope's Giant Salamander (Dicamptodon Copei), Eleanor P. Gaines Jan 2022

Oregon State Rank Assessment For Cope's Giant Salamander (Dicamptodon Copei), Eleanor P. Gaines

Institute for Natural Resources Publications

Oregon state conservation status assessment for Cope's giant salamander (Dicamptodon copei) using NatureServe methodology, 2022.


Oregon State Rank Assessment For Larch Mountain Salamander (Plethodon Larselli), Eleanor P. Gaines Jan 2022

Oregon State Rank Assessment For Larch Mountain Salamander (Plethodon Larselli), Eleanor P. Gaines

Institute for Natural Resources Publications

Oregon state conservation status assessment for Larch Mountain salamander (Plethodon larselli) using NatureServe methodology, 2022.


Applying Behavioral And Physiological Measures To Assess The Relative Impact Of The Prolonged Covid-19 Pandemic Closure On Two Mammal Species At The Oregon Zoo: Cheetah (A. Jubatus) And Giraffe (G. C. Reticulata And G. C. Tippelskirchii), Laurel Fink, Candace D. Scarlata, Becca Vanbeek, Todd Bodner, Nadja C. Wielebnowski Dec 2021

Applying Behavioral And Physiological Measures To Assess The Relative Impact Of The Prolonged Covid-19 Pandemic Closure On Two Mammal Species At The Oregon Zoo: Cheetah (A. Jubatus) And Giraffe (G. C. Reticulata And G. C. Tippelskirchii), Laurel Fink, Candace D. Scarlata, Becca Vanbeek, Todd Bodner, Nadja C. Wielebnowski

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

The effect of visitor presence on zoo animals has been explored in numerous studies over the past two decades. However, the opportunities for observations without visitors have been very limited at most institutions. In 2020, the Oregon Zoo was closed, in response to the global SARSCoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic, from 15 March 2020 to 12 July 2020, resulting in approximately four consecutive months without visitor presence. This study aimed to quantify potential behavioral and hormonal changes expressed during two transition periods in zoo visitor attendance: the initial time period before and after closure in March 2020 and time before and after …