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Articles 1 - 30 of 41
Full-Text Articles in Life Sciences
Corn And Soybean Production With A Winter Rye Cover Crop, John E. Sawyer, Jose L. Pantoja, Daniel W. Barker
Corn And Soybean Production With A Winter Rye Cover Crop, John E. Sawyer, Jose L. Pantoja, Daniel W. Barker
John E. Sawyer
Objectives of this project were to study corn nitrogen (N) fertilization requirement and corn/soybean yield response when grown in a rye cover cropping system. Multiple rates of N fertilizer were applied, with measurement of corn yield response to applied N and soybean yield with and without a fall planted winter rye cover crop. The study was conducted at multiple research farms, with the intent for comparison of with and without a cover crop system across varying soil and climatic conditions in Iowa.
Corn And Soybean Production With A Winter Rye Cover Crop, John E. Sawyer, Jose L. Pantoja, Daniel W. Barker
Corn And Soybean Production With A Winter Rye Cover Crop, John E. Sawyer, Jose L. Pantoja, Daniel W. Barker
John E. Sawyer
Objectives of this project were to study corn nitrogen (N) fertilization requirement and corn/soybean yield response when grown in a rye cover cropping system. Multiple rates of N fertilizer were applied, with measurement of corn yield response to applied N and soybean yield with and without a fall planted winter rye cover crop. The study was conducted at multiple research farms, with the intent for comparison of with and without a cover crop system across varying soil and climatic conditions in Iowa.
Occupational Risks And Pregnancy And Infant Health Outcomes In Florida Farmworkers, Jennifer Runkle, Joan D. Flocks, Jeannie Economos, J. Antonio Tovar-Aguilar, Linda Mccauley
Occupational Risks And Pregnancy And Infant Health Outcomes In Florida Farmworkers, Jennifer Runkle, Joan D. Flocks, Jeannie Economos, J. Antonio Tovar-Aguilar, Linda Mccauley
Joan D. Flocks
The agricultural industry has some of the highest incidence rates and numbers of occupational injuries and illnesses in the United States. Injuries and illnesses in agriculture result from accidents, falls, excessive heat, repetitive motion and adverse pesticide exposure. Women working in agriculture are exposed to the same hazards and risks as their male counterparts, but can face additional adverse impacts on their reproductive health. Yet, few occupational risk assessment studies have considered the reproductive health of female farmworkers. The objective of this community-based participatory research study was to conduct a retrospective, cross-sectional survey to collect information on workplace conditions and …
Implementing A Community-Based Social Marketing Project To Improve Agricultural Worker Health, Joan D. Flocks, Leslie Clarke, Stan Albrecht, Carol Bryant, Paul Monaghan, Holly Baker
Implementing A Community-Based Social Marketing Project To Improve Agricultural Worker Health, Joan D. Flocks, Leslie Clarke, Stan Albrecht, Carol Bryant, Paul Monaghan, Holly Baker
Joan D. Flocks
The Together for Agricultural Safety project is a community-based social marketing project working to reduce the adverse health effects of pesticide exposure among fernery and nursery workers in Florida. In 3 years, the collaboration between university and community researchers has embodied many of the principles of community-based research while completing multiple stages of formative data collection required for a social marketing project. This hybrid approach to developing a health intervention for a minority community has been successful in its early stages because the community partners are organized, empowered, and motivated to execute research activities with the assistance of academic partners. …
Pesticide Policy And Farmworker Health, Joan D. Flocks
Pesticide Policy And Farmworker Health, Joan D. Flocks
Joan D. Flocks
Although data on the carcinogenicity of agricultural pesticides are still being generated and are thus incomplete, research such as the Agricultural Health Study indicates that populations with increased, regular exposure to pesticides have high rates of a variety of cancers (National Institutes of Health & Environmental Protection Agency 2008). Policies that regulate toxins such as pesticides are envisioned by the public to be empirical and objective, but toxins are socially produced and their regulation is just as often based on political and economic factors as it is on science (Luke 2000). This does not bode well for farm- workers who …
Variation In Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli Colonization Levels In Chickens, Melissa Monson, Michael Kaiser, Susan Lamont
Variation In Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli Colonization Levels In Chickens, Melissa Monson, Michael Kaiser, Susan Lamont
Melissa Monson
Colonization levels in five tissues after avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) inoculation were investigated in chickens to generate phenotypic data for a genome wide association study (GWAS). Bacterial loads were measured in 370 birds and varied among individuals and tissues. Mean bacterial levels were significantly different between tissues (right lung > spleen > left lung and liver > blood). There were also significant correlations in bacterial load between tissues. These data suggest that colonization levels could be used as phenotypes in GWAS and could help identify markers associated with poultry resistance to APEC infections. After verification, these markers could be used for genetic …
Effect On Gilt Behavior And Postures When Selected For Residual Feed Intake Selection In Response To A Lipopolysaccharide Challenge, Samaneh Azarpajouh, Jessica Colpoys, Nicholas Gabler, Anna Johnson, Jack Dekkers, Anoosh Rakhshandeh, Caitlyn Abell
Effect On Gilt Behavior And Postures When Selected For Residual Feed Intake Selection In Response To A Lipopolysaccharide Challenge, Samaneh Azarpajouh, Jessica Colpoys, Nicholas Gabler, Anna Johnson, Jack Dekkers, Anoosh Rakhshandeh, Caitlyn Abell
Samaneh Azarpajouh
The objective of this study was to determine low and high-RFI gilt sickness behavior when challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This work was conducted with seven low residual feed intake gilts (RFI) and eight high RFI gilts (63±4 kg BW) from the 8th generation of the ISU Yorkshire RFI selection lines. Gilts were challenged intramuscularly with 30 µg/kg BW Escherichia coli O5:B55 LPS at 1000±1 hour. Gilts were video recorded one day before the LPS challenge (baseline) and on the treatment day (LPS challenge). Video was analyzed for lying, sitting, standing, eating and drinking using a 1-minute scan sample at two …
Association Of Different Iowa Livestock Truck Wash Stations Service Levels With Enterobacteriaceae Counts, Amber Danielson, Samaneh Azarpajouh, Anna Johnson, James Dickson, Locke Karriker, Rodney Baker, Christopher Rademacher, Troy Bigelow, Kenneth Stalder
Association Of Different Iowa Livestock Truck Wash Stations Service Levels With Enterobacteriaceae Counts, Amber Danielson, Samaneh Azarpajouh, Anna Johnson, James Dickson, Locke Karriker, Rodney Baker, Christopher Rademacher, Troy Bigelow, Kenneth Stalder
Samaneh Azarpajouh
Data from eighteen different truck washes were used to compare the association of different service levels with Enterobacteriaceae counts. Service levels were classified into three different categories; prewash (n=78), post wash with disinfectant (n=78), and post wash without disinfectant (n=12). A total of 168 drag swabs were used for collection for the purpose of this study. Prewash services were defined as trailers before they were scraped out and washed. Post wash with or without disinfectant services were defined as after the trailers were washed and disinfectant was or was not applied. Prewash trailers tended to have higher Enterobacteriaceae counts of …
Increasing The Value Of Wool In Wyoming And Beyond: The Impact Of Uw's Wool Lab And Library, David Kruger
Increasing The Value Of Wool In Wyoming And Beyond: The Impact Of Uw's Wool Lab And Library, David Kruger
David Delbert Kruger
At the turn of the twentieth century, little more than a decade after Wyoming attained statehood, a young agricultural student at the University of Wyoming saw a pressing need to improve the quality and reputation of Wyoming wool. When John Arthur Hill became a professor in 1907, the Wool Department he created would go on to not only assist Wyoming sheep ranchers in wool production, but provide the sheep industry with a better understanding of how wool fleeces and fibers could be improved across the nation. Under Hill’s leadership and his later protege Robert Homer Burns, the Wool Department developed …
Jcpenney And His Agrarian Animals: The Award-Winning Livestock Of A Department Store Icon, David Kruger
Jcpenney And His Agrarian Animals: The Award-Winning Livestock Of A Department Store Icon, David Kruger
David Delbert Kruger
Widely known for his department store chain, James Cash Penney (1875-1971) greatly contributed to American agriculture through his horse and cattle breeding enterprises. Beginning in 1917, three years after moving to New York City, Penney began using his personal capital to acquire, breed, and sell outstanding animals for agricultural purposes. By the 1920s, his Guernsey dairy herd had earned a worldwide reputation for quality and production, with herd sire Foremost eventually becoming the namesake for one of the largest dairy cooperatives in the United States. By the 1940s, Penney was personally developing award-winning beef cattle herds on the Missouri farm …
Jcpenney As Cattleman, David Kruger
Jcpenney As Cattleman, David Kruger
David Delbert Kruger
Though widely known for his department store chain and its Wyoming origins, James Cash Penney also played a prominent role as a cattleman from the 1920s until his death in 1971. This presentation will explore Penney's personal and professional involvement in the cattle industry, including his significant contributions within the Angus, Hereford, and Guernsey breeds.
University Of Wyoming Wool Laboratory, 1907-2012, David Kruger
University Of Wyoming Wool Laboratory, 1907-2012, David Kruger
David Delbert Kruger
The University of Wyoming Wool Laboratory operated on campus from 1907-2012, in which time the sheep and wool industry experienced great change. For over a century, the faculty of the Wool Lab carefully cataloged research associated with sheep and wool, accumulating a collection of over 1,000 individual titles, 10,000 bound journal articles, correspondence, equipment manuals, and data notebooks, and a set of 872 preserved wool samples dating from 1837. This collection, now housed at the Emmett D. Chisum Special Collections Library at the University of Wyoming, is thought to be one of the most unique and complete collections of sheep …
Prediction Of Total Phenols, Condensed Tannins, And 3-Deoxyanthocyanidins In Sorghum Grain Using Near-Infrared (Nir) Spectroscopy, L. Dykes, L. Hoffmann, O. Portillo-Rodriguez, W.L., Rooney, L.W. Rooney
Prediction Of Total Phenols, Condensed Tannins, And 3-Deoxyanthocyanidins In Sorghum Grain Using Near-Infrared (Nir) Spectroscopy, L. Dykes, L. Hoffmann, O. Portillo-Rodriguez, W.L., Rooney, L.W. Rooney
Elvis A. Heinrichs
The reported high phenolic levels in sorghum have led an interest from sorghum breeding programs in developing and identifying germplasms with high phenolic levels, which require screening a large number of samples to find those with the highest levels. Since wet chemistry screening methods are slow, expensive, and destructive, the use of NIR calibration curves could be an alternative. The objectives of this project were to determine the variation range in total phenols, condensed tannins, and 3-deoxyanthocyanidin levels in a diverse set of sorghum genotypes and to assess the predictive value of NIR curves to estimate these compounds in sorghum. …
Pulling The Wool Under Your Eyes: Preserving A Wool Lab And Library At The University Of Wyoming, David Kruger
Pulling The Wool Under Your Eyes: Preserving A Wool Lab And Library At The University Of Wyoming, David Kruger
David Delbert Kruger
Since 1909, the University of Wyoming boasted a Wool Department and one of the few wool laboratories, libraries, and scouring plants in the United States. With the decommissioning of the wool laboratory and library in 2012, University of Wyoming Libraries is working to preserve its vast contents including wool samples, book and scrapbook collections, and the process of wool research itself. University of Wyoming Libraries has partnered with UW Extension and the College of Agriculture to help preserve the history of wool research.
The Effects Of Land Sparing And Wildlife-Friendly Practices On Grassland Bird Abundance Within Organic Farmlands, John Quinn
John E Quinn
No abstract provided.
Distribution Of Antiherbivory Compounds In Flourensia Cernua, Ed Frederickson, Richard Estell, James Darren, Dean Anderson
Distribution Of Antiherbivory Compounds In Flourensia Cernua, Ed Frederickson, Richard Estell, James Darren, Dean Anderson
Ed L. Frederickson
Flourensia cernua is serving as a shrub model to study the influence of terpenes on intake by livestock at this location. Two studies (n=20 plants per study) were conducted to examine within plant distribution of volatile compounds to improve sampling protocol. Leaves from 3 positions (outer canopy, subcanopy, and basal) were collected from 4 quadrants (based on ordinal direction) in Exp. 1. Leaves were removed from 2 leaders of current year's growth for each position in each quadrant. In Exp. 2, 10 leaders of current year's growth were collected from the outer canopy in each quadrant and 3 leaf age …
Characterizing Foraging Patterns Among Cattle And Bonded And Non-Bonded Small Ruminants Using Spatial Point Process Techniques, Ed Frederickson, Dean Anderson, Leigh Murray, Peixn Sun, Richard Estell
Characterizing Foraging Patterns Among Cattle And Bonded And Non-Bonded Small Ruminants Using Spatial Point Process Techniques, Ed Frederickson, Dean Anderson, Leigh Murray, Peixn Sun, Richard Estell
Ed L. Frederickson
Two mixed-species livestock groups were monitored while foraging on 410 ha of brush-infested Southern New Mexico rangeland during July and August 1988. The groups consisted of crossbred Bos taurus and Bos indicus beef cattle with white-faced sheep (Ovis aries) and mohair goats (Capra hircus). The bonded group consisted of small ruminants that had their behaviours modified through socialization with cattle to form a flerd in which small ruminants consistently remained near cattle. Small ruminants in the non-bonded group had not been socialized with cattle. A subset of animal location data measured during the morning over five days for both the …
Local Good Governance Of Rural Infrastructure Development Planning: Case Studies Of Commune Councils In Cambodia, Sophal Ear
Sophal Ear
No abstract provided.
Dust Emissions From Undisturbed And Disturbed, Crusted Playa Surfaces: Cattle Trampling Effects, Ed Frederickson, Teddy Zobeck, Robert Van Pelt, Matthew Baddock
Dust Emissions From Undisturbed And Disturbed, Crusted Playa Surfaces: Cattle Trampling Effects, Ed Frederickson, Teddy Zobeck, Robert Van Pelt, Matthew Baddock
Ed L. Frederickson
Dry playa lake beds can be significant sources of fine dust emission. This study used a portable field wind tunnel to quantify the PM10 emissions from a bare, fine-textured playa surface located in the far northern Chihuahua Desert. The natural, undisturbed crust and its subjection to two levels of animal disturbance (one and ten cow passes) were tested. The wind tunnel generated dust emissions under controlled conditions for firstly an initial blow-off of the surface, followed by two longer runs with sand added to the flow as an abrader material. Dust was measured using a GRIMM particle monitor. For the …
Rapid Response Of A Grassland Ecosystem To An Experimental Manipulation Of A Keystone Rodent And Domestic Livestock, Ed Frederickson
Rapid Response Of A Grassland Ecosystem To An Experimental Manipulation Of A Keystone Rodent And Domestic Livestock, Ed Frederickson
Ed L. Frederickson
Megaherbivores and small burrowing mammals commonly coexist and play important functional roles in grassland ecosystems worldwide. The interactive effects of these two functional groups of herbivores in shaping the structure and function of grassland ecosystems are poorly understood. In North America's central grasslands, domestic cattle (Bos taurus) have supplanted bison (Bison bison), and now coexist with prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.), a keystone burrowing rodent. Understanding the ecological relationships between cattle and prairie dogs and their independent and interactive effects is essential to understanding the ecology and important conservation issues affecting North American grassland ecosystems. To address these needs, we established …
Mesquite: A Long View, Ed Frederickson, Curtis Monger, Eduardo Guevara, Dan Fredrickson
Mesquite: A Long View, Ed Frederickson, Curtis Monger, Eduardo Guevara, Dan Fredrickson
Ed L. Frederickson
Mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) is among the most successful plants in Northern México and America"s arid Southwest. Mesquite optimizes pollinator services and reproductive effort, resulting in seeds that persist in herbivore digestive tracts and soil seed banks for extended periods. An extensive root system fully occupies the soil profile long distances from its base, allowing it to harvest water and nutrients with extraordinary efficiency. Root nodules harbor nitrogen-fixing bacteria allowing mesquite to overcome usual nitrogen limitations. Mesquite survival is determined early, but once established, it is long-lived, often benefiting from hardships killing most plants. So with mesquite"s superior adaptations and competitive …
In Search Of "Organ Iii" Strata-A Sedimentary Record Of The Medieval Warm Period (Ca. Ad 900 To 1300), Ed Frederickson, Curtis Monger, Katie Laney
In Search Of "Organ Iii" Strata-A Sedimentary Record Of The Medieval Warm Period (Ca. Ad 900 To 1300), Ed Frederickson, Curtis Monger, Katie Laney
Ed L. Frederickson
The period AD 900 to 1300, internationally referred to as the Medieval Warm Period, is a critical time for the archaeological record of the Southwestern USA. During the Medieval Warm Period both alluvial and eolian sedimentation increased, but not to the magnitude of the middle Holocene (the Altithermal) or since Historical erosion began in the middle 1850s (the end of the Little Ice Age). Locally, the term "Organ III" has been given to the Medieval Warm Period allostratigraphic unit. It is a subtle unit stratigraphically between Altithermal sediments (Organ I) and Historical sediments. Diagnostic features for identifying these three units …
Composition Of Ceanothus Gregii Oil As Determined By Steam Distillation And Solid-Phase Microextraction, Ed Frederickson, R. Estell, M. Lucero
Composition Of Ceanothus Gregii Oil As Determined By Steam Distillation And Solid-Phase Microextraction, Ed Frederickson, R. Estell, M. Lucero
Ed L. Frederickson
Ceanothus gregii Gray was collected from the Jornada Experimental Range in south central New Mexico. Current year’s growth was collected from ten plants found within an approximate 50 m radius of the GPS coordinates N32°40.605’ and W106°33.486’at an altitude of 1,741 m during July 2001. Composite samples of the plants were steam distilled in triplicate, and the composite oil was analyzed using both GC-FID and GC/MS. The volatile composition of the same plants was also examined using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with a 100?m polydimethylsiloxane fiber. Mass spectra and retention indices were used to identify 41 previously described compounds. Methyl salicylate …
Dust Emissions From Undisturbed And Disturbed, Crusted Playa Surfaces: Cattle Trampling Effect, Ed Frederickson, Teddy Zobeck, Matthew Baddock, Robert Van Pelt
Dust Emissions From Undisturbed And Disturbed, Crusted Playa Surfaces: Cattle Trampling Effect, Ed Frederickson, Teddy Zobeck, Matthew Baddock, Robert Van Pelt
Ed L. Frederickson
Dry playa lake beds can be a significant source of fine dust emissions during high wind events in arid and semiarid landscapes. The physical and chemical properties of the playa surface control the amount and properties of the dust emitted. In this study, we use a field wind tunnel to quantify the dust emissions from a bare, fine-textured playa surface located in the Chihuahua Desert at the Jornada Experimental Range, near Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA. We tested natural, undisturbed crusted surfaces and surfaces that had been subjected to two levels of domestic animal disturbance. The animal disturbance was provided …
A Retention Index Calculator Simplifies Identification Of Plant Volatile Organic Compounds, Ed Frederickson
A Retention Index Calculator Simplifies Identification Of Plant Volatile Organic Compounds, Ed Frederickson
Ed L. Frederickson
Plant volatiles (PVOCs) are important targets for studies in natural products, chemotaxonomy and biochemical ecology. The complexity of PVOC profiles often limits research to studies targeting only easily identified compounds. With the availability of mass spectral libraries and recent growth of retention index (RI) libraries, PVOC identification can be achieved using only gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GCMS). However, RI library searching is not typically automated, and until recently, RI libraries were both limited in scope and costly to obtain. Objective To automate RI calculation and lookup functions commonly utilised in PVOC analysis. Methodology Formulae required for calculating retention …
"Open” Resources For The Agricultural Journalist, Joe Zumalt
"Open” Resources For The Agricultural Journalist, Joe Zumalt
Joseph R. Zumalt
Review of free resources available over the Web.
Effects Of Cis-Ss-Ocimene, Cis-Sabinene Hydrate, And Monoterpene And Sesquiterpene Mixtures On Alfalfa Pellet Intake By Lambs, Ed Frederickson, R. Estell, Dean Anderson
Effects Of Cis-Ss-Ocimene, Cis-Sabinene Hydrate, And Monoterpene And Sesquiterpene Mixtures On Alfalfa Pellet Intake By Lambs, Ed Frederickson, R. Estell, Dean Anderson
Ed L. Frederickson
Interpretive Summary: The conversion of grasslands to shrublands in the western United States and in arid regions throughout the world is a serious concern to livestock producers and ecologists. This process of desertification not only reduces available forage for livestock and wildlife, but also leads to increased soil erosion and reduced biodiversity. These shrubs often contain chemicals that make them unpalatable to browsing animals. We have been conducting a long-term study on the impact of volatile plant chemicals such as terpenes on shrub consumption by livestock. Our previous work showed that for a common shrub in the northern Chihuahuan Desert …
Wikipedia: A Multi-Lingual, Multi-Subject Resource Created By Potentially Anyone And Everyone, Joe Zumalt
Wikipedia: A Multi-Lingual, Multi-Subject Resource Created By Potentially Anyone And Everyone, Joe Zumalt
Joseph R. Zumalt
Review of the rise of Wikipedia.
Ecological Services To And From Rangelands Of The United States, Ed Frederickson, Kris Havstad, Debra Peters, Rhonda Skaggs, Joel Brown, Brandon Bestelmeyer, Jeffrey Herrick, Jack Wright
Ecological Services To And From Rangelands Of The United States, Ed Frederickson, Kris Havstad, Debra Peters, Rhonda Skaggs, Joel Brown, Brandon Bestelmeyer, Jeffrey Herrick, Jack Wright
Ed L. Frederickson
The over 300 million ha of public and private rangelands in the United States are characterized by low and variable precipitation, nutrient-poor soils, and high spatial and temporal variability in plant production. This land type has provided a variety of goods and services, with the provisioning of food and fiber dominating through much of the 20th century. More recently, food production from a rangeland-based livestock industry is often pressured for a variety of reasons, including poor economic returns, increased regulations, an aging rural population, and increasingly diverse interests of land owners. A shift to other provisioning, regulating, cultural, and supporting …
Agris: An Fao Information Resource For The Agricultural Journalist, Joe Zumalt
Agris: An Fao Information Resource For The Agricultural Journalist, Joe Zumalt
Joseph R. Zumalt
A review of AGRIS.