Life Sciences Commons^™

Arkansas Soybean Performance Tests 2002, D. G. Dombek, D. K. Ahrent, R. D. Bond, I. L. Eldridge

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Soybean cultivar performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture. The tests provide information to companies developing cultivars and/or marketing seed within the State, and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating cultivar recommendations for soybean producers. The 2002 soybean cultivar performance tests were conducted at the Northeast Research and Extension Center (NEREC) at Keiser, the Cotton Branch Station (CBS) near Marianna, the Rice Research and Extension Center (RREC) near Stuttgart, the Southeast Research and Extension Center - Rohwer Division (SEREC-RD) near Rohwer, the Burton Brothers Farm (BBF) in LaFayette County, …

Arkansas Corn And Grain Sorghum Performance Tests 2002, D. G. Dombek, D. K. Ahrent, R. D. Bond, I. L. Eldridge

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Corn and grain sorghum performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture. The tests provide information to companies marketing seed within the state and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating recommendations for producers.

Specialty Tomato Variety Observation Trial For Indiana, 2002, Elizabeth Maynard

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

The trial reported here is an extension of the specialty tomato trials conducted in Indiana in 2001. In that trial, 16 varieties were grown in replicated trials in two locations to evaluate their performance and suitability for the restaurant salad market. In this trial, the same 16 varieties plus an additional 17 varieties were grown in unreplicated plots for evaluation of yield and culinary quality.

Specialty Tomato Variety Observation Trial For Indiana, 2002, Elizabeth Maynard

Purdue Fruit and Vegetable Research Reports

The trial reported here is an extension of the specialty tomato trials conducted in Indiana in 2001. In that trial, 16 varieties were grown in replicated trials in two locations to evaluate their performance and suitability for the restaurant salad market. In this trial, the same 16 varieties plus an additional 17 varieties were grown in unreplicated plots for evaluation of yield and culinary quality.

Handbook Of Plant And Crop Physiology, Second Edition, Revised And Expanded, Wally Wilhelm

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

This book, as the title states, is an updated and expanded edition of a 1995 book with a similar title and the same editor. The first thing that may strike the reader of the Handbook is the physical size of this volume. Although the second edition is a few pages shorter than the original (973 vs. 1003 pages), the print size was reduced in this revised edition allowing the expanded text to be presented in a similar number of pages. In revising the book, the editor and authors have rearranged the sections, updated almost all chapters, and added chapters on …

Prevalence And Characterization Of Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia Coli On Carcasses In Commercial Beef Cattle Processing Plants, Terrance M. Arthur, Genevieve A. Barkocy-Gallagher, Mildred Rivera-Betancourt, Mohammad Koohmaraie

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Beef carcass sponge samples collected from July to August 1999 at four large processing plants in the United States were surveyed for the presence of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). Twenty-eight (93%) of 30 single-source lots surveyed included at least one sample containing non-O157 STEC. Of 334 carcasses sampled prior to evisceration, 180 (54%) were found to harbor non-O157 STEC. Non-O157 STEC isolates were also recovered from 27 (8%) of 326 carcasses sampled after the application of antimicrobial interventions. Altogether, 361 non-O157 STEC isolates, comprising 41 different O serogroups, were recovered. O serogroups that previously have been associated with …

Nitrogen And Dry Matter Distribution By Culm And Leaf Position At Two Stages Of Vegetative Growth In Winter Wheat, Wally Wilhelm, G. S. Mcmaster, Dorothy M. Harrell

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Knowledge of N and assimilate partitioning in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) improves management efficacy and crop model development. Our purpose was to describe N and dry matter distribution during vegetative growth of blades, sheaths, and internodes on four culms. Winter wheat grown at the Colorado State University Horticultural Farm was sampled at Haun Stage 5 and jointing. Samples were dried, weighed, and analyzed for N. As the canopy developed and older tissue contributed more of total tissue, N concentration decreased although N mass and dry weight increased. Dry matter and N mass decreased from MC to T1 and T2 …

The Ecology Of Wolf Spiders (Lydosidae) In Low Bush Bluberry (Vaccinium Angustifolium) Agroecosystems, Darlene Maloney

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The ecology of spiders (Araneae) in lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium (Aiton)) fields in Washington County, Maine, was studied during the summers of 2000 and 2001. The abundance and distribution of spiders was investigated, and predation by one family of spiders, the wolf spiders (Lycosidae) was evaluated. The abundance and distribution of spiders was examined by capturing spiders using pitfall traps. Traps were set in conventionally managed, reduced input, and organic fields at different distances from the field edge (forest border or windbreak). The most commonly captured spiders were in the family Lycosidae. More lycosids were captured in May, June, …

Arkansas Agriculture Situation And Outlook 2002, Bruce L. Ahrendsen, Eric J. Wailes, Bruce L. Dixon, Michael Popp, Pat Manning, Tony E. Windham

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Many farmers in Arkansas and other parts of the United States are experiencing financial stress. The purpose of this special report is to highlight the situation of Arkansas farmers and to offer an outlook for 2002. The report emphasizes the production, price, income, policy, financial, farmland value, and interest rate outlook for Arkansas farmers and considers the impact of the macro economy on agriculture. In addition, a summary of commercial rowcrop farm characteristics and production practices is presented.

Relationship Of Sorghum Kernel Size To Physiochemical, Milling, Pasting, And Cooking Properties, W. J. Lee, Jeffrey F. Pedersen, D. R. Shelton

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Effects of kernel size on grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] quality were studied in an experiment designed to separate effects of kernel size from seedlot. The study utilized three sieve fractions of varying kernel diameter (>3.35, >2.80 and >2.36 mm) from six seedlots. Chemical composition, physical characteristics, milling characteristics, pasting properties, and cooking qualities were determined for each kernel size fraction. Large kernels lost less relative mass during 1 min of decortication, were higher in protein concentration, and lower in ash. Milling yields were higher from large kernels, and flour from large kernels had higher water absorbance, …

Swine Response To Misting Synchronized With Meal Events, Roger A. Eigenberg, John A. Nienaber, G. Leroy Hahn, Stephen D. Kachman

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Prior work has shown that the tympanic temperature of swine increases during an eating bout. An experiment was conducted in a hot environment using timing of misting as a way of reducing the body temperature during meal events. Three treatments were applied to pigs in a constant temperature 30³C environment: no misting, misting just prior to meals, and misting between meals. Two response variables were examined: feed intake and meal duration. Three environmental chambers were used in a Latin–Square layout with each chamber hosting each treatment. Analysis showed feed intake was significantly (P < 0.05) increased by misting just prior to the meal, when compared with no misting or misting between meals. Similarly, meal duration was significantly greater (P < 0.05) for misting just prior to the meal than for the other two treatments. The meal effect appears to result from cooling the pig, thereby reducing the tympanic temperature spike that normally occurs during an activity event such as a meal. The moderation of the body temperature apparently allows the pig to eat for a greater period of time before thermoregulatory controls restrict the meal duration and hence the meal amount. While not conclusive from these short–term observations, increased feed intake should benefit growth performance.

Vaccination Of Pregnant Dams With Intimino157 Protects Suckling Piglets From Escherichia Coli O157:H7 Infection, Evelyn A. Dean-Nystrom, Lisa J. Gansheroff, Melody Mills, Harley W. Moon, Alison D. O’Brien

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Cattle are important reservoirs of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 that cause disease in humans. Both dairy and beef cattle are asymptomatically and sporadically infected with EHEC. Our long-term goal is to develop an effective vaccine to prevent cattle from becoming infected and transmitting EHEC O157:H7 to humans. We used passive immunization of neonatal piglets (as a surrogate model) to determine if antibodies against EHEC O157 adhesin (intimin_O157) inhibit EHEC colonization. Pregnant swine (dams) with serum anti-intimin titers of ≤100 were vaccinated twice with purified intimin_O157 or shamvaccinated with sterile buffer. Intimin_O157-specific antibody titers in …

Characterization Of Fro1, A Pea Ferric-Chelate Reductase Involved In Root Iron Acquisition, Brian M. Waters, Dale G. Blevins, David J. Eide

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

To acquire iron, many plant species reduce soil Fe(III) to Fe(II) by Fe(III)-chelate reductases embedded in the plasma membrane of root epidermal cells. The reduced product is then taken up by Fe(II) transporter proteins. These activities are induced under Fe deficiency. We describe here the FRO₁ gene from pea (Pisum sativum), which encodes an Fe(III)-chelate reductase. Consistent with this proposed role, FRO₁ shows similarity to other oxidoreductase proteins, and expression of FRO₁ in yeast conferred increased Fe(III)-chelate reductase activity. Furthermore, FRO₁ mRNA levels in plants correlated with Fe(III)-chelate reductase activity. Sites of FRO_{1 …}

Accumulation Of Microbial Biomass Within Particulate Organic Matter Of Aging Golf Greens, Mine Kerek, Rhae A. Drijber, William L. Powers, Robert C. Shearman, Roch E. Gaussoin, Anne Streich

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Microbial biomass (MB) is a key variable controlling soil organic matter dynamics in soil. Currently, there is little information on the amount and significance of MB in highly managed golf greens. Our objective was to determine the amount and distribution of MB within soil structural components of golf greens and its relationship to the location of organic substrates. During 1996, 47 greens were sampled from 12 golf courses within Nebraska (USA). Microbial biomass, determined as extractable lipid phosphate on field-moist soils, increased linearly with age of green (Y = 19.39 + 3.54x; r² = 0.87, P = 0.001). In …

Atelier Ouest - Africain Sur Les Semences Bybrides De Sorgbo Et De Mil, John D. Axtell, Moussa Oumarou, Issoufou Kapran, Anand Kumar, Ouendeba Botorou, Gebisa Ejeta, Lee House, Thomas Crawford, Bruce Hamaker, Inoussa Akintayo

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

Le sorgho et Ie mil sont les deux cereales les plus importantes en Afrique Occidentale. Elles y representent en effet 70 % de la production cerealiere totale qui constitue la ration de base des peuples vivant dans cette region. Les progres realises dans I' amelioration du sorgho et du mil sont par consequent d'une importance vitale pour Ie bien-etre des populations de l' Afrique Occidentale. L' atelier de travail sur la semence hybride de sorgho et de mil represente l'aboutissement de 10 annees d'efforts de recherche et de developpement par l'Institut National de Recherches Agronomiques du Niger (INRAN), Ie Programme …

Proceedings Of The West African Hybrid Sorghum And Pearl Millet Seed Workshop, John D. Axtell, Moussa Oumarou, Issoufou Kapran, Anand Kumar, Ouendeba Botorou, Gebisa Ejeta, Lee House, Thomas Crawford, Bruce Hamaker,, Inoussa Akintayo

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

Sorghum and pearl millet are the most important cereal crops in West Africa where they provide 70% of total cereal production that provide the major complements in the diets of people in the region. Research progress in the improvement of sorghum and millet is, therefore, of vital importance to the well being of people in West Africa. The Hybrid Sorghum and Pearl Millet Seed Workshop in West Africa is the culmination of the research and development effort by the Institut National de Recherches Agronomiques du Niger (INRAN) , the International Sorghum and Millet Collaborative Research Support Program (INTSORMIL), and the …

Proceedings Of The 27th Annual Meeting, Southern Soybean Disease Workers (April 6-8, 2000, Fort Walton Beach Florida), John S. Russin, Stephen R. Koenning, Raymond W. Schneider, Peggy S. King

Southern Soybean Disease Workers: Conference Proceedings

Contents

Southern United States Soybean Disease Loss Estimate for 1999. Compiled by SR Koenning

Treasury report. Peggy S King

Invited presentation

Bean Pod Mottle: A Soybean Disease on the Rise in the New Millennium. SA Ghabrial

Contributed papers

Response of Selected Mid-South Soybean Varieties to the Reniform Nematode. GW Lawrence, KS McLean, and SM Baird

Field Response of Soybean Cultivars to the Reniform Nematode Rotylenchulus reniformis. PS King, DB Weaver, and R Rodriguez-Kabana

Approaches to Race Determination in Soybean Cyst Nematode. AJ Palmateer, ME Schmidt, SR Stetina, and JS Russin

Nematological Survey of Selected Soybean and Cotton Fields in …

Pyruvate,Orthophosphate Dikinase In Leaves And Chloroplasts Of C3 Plants Undergoes Light-/Dark- Induced Reversible Phosphorylation, Chris J. Chastain, Jason P. Fries, Julie A. Vogel, Christa L. Randklev, Adam P. Vossen, Sharon K. Dittmer, Erin E. Watkins, Lucas J. Fiedler, Sarah A. Wacker, Katherine Meinhover, Gautam Sarath, Raymond Chollet

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Pyruvate,orthophosphate (Pi) dikinase (PPDK) is best recognized as a chloroplastic C₄ cycle enzyme. As one of the key regulatory foci for controlling flux through this photosynthetic pathway, it is strictly and reversibly regulated by light. This light/dark modulation is mediated by reversible phosphorylation of a conserved threonine residue in the active-site domain by the PPDK regulatory protein (RP), a bifunctional protein kinase/phosphatase. PPDK is also present in C₃ plants, although it has no known photosynthetic function. Nevertheless, in this report we show that C₃ PPDK in leaves of several angiosperms and in isolated intact spinach (Spinacia …

Herbicide Evaluation In Arkansas Rice 2000, Ron Talbert, Ford Baldwin, Ken Smith, David Gealy, Eric Scherder, Mike Lovelace, Nathan Buehring, Marilyn Mcclelland

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

With the widespread development of resistance to propanil by barnyardgrass, the major weed in rice, research has been intensified in recent years to develop alternative weed control technology to the repeated use of propanil. The use of herbicides is economically important for production of rice. Field experiments are conducted annually in Arkansas to evaluate the activity of developmental and commercial herbicides for selective control of barnyardgrass and other weeds in rice. These experiments serve both industry and Arkansas agriculture by providing information on the selectivity of herbicides still in the developmental stage and by comparing the activity of these new …

Wayne E. Sabbe Arkansas Soil Fertility Studies 2001, Nathan A. Slaton

Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Series

Rapid technological changes in crop management and production require that the research efforts also be presented in an expeditious manner. The contributions of soil fertility and fertilizers are major production factors in all Arkansas crops. The studies contained within will allow producers to compare their practices with the university’s research efforts. Additionally, soil test data and fertilizer sales are presented to allow comparisons among years, crops, and other areas within Arkansas.

Intsormil 2002 Annual Report, John M. Yohe, Thomas Crawford Jr., Kimberly Jones, Dorothy Stoner

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

The global community confronts an enonnous task of stimulating economic growth in rural areas where 75% of the very poor (90% in Africa) currently live and ensuring the nutritional security of a world popUlation that is growing in size and evolving in consumption patterns without intensifying environmental degradation, social security, or adverse consequences for human health. This challenge is not only great but it is also urgent. Today, access to food, sufficient, safe, and nutritious food, is the primary problem for nearly 800 million chronically undernourished people. Unless we act now, the next few decades will almost certainly find us …

Repellency Of Ir3535, Kbr3023, Para-Menthane-3,8-Diol, And Deet To Black Salt Marsh Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) In The Everglades National Park, Donald R. Barnard, Ulrich R. Bernier, Kenneth H. Posey, Rui-De Xue

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

IR3535, KBR3023, para-menthane-3,8-diol (PMD), and deet were evaluated in controlled studies with human subjects (n = 5) for repellency to black salt marsh mosquitoes (Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus Wiedemann), in the Everglades National Park, FL. In tests of 6-h duration, with an average mosquito biting pressure on exposed forearm skin of 19.5 (±13.7) bites per minute, the mean percent repellencies (SE) for IR3535, KBR3023, PMD, and deet was 88.6 (3.2), 97.5 (1.7), 89.2 (2.9), and 94.8 (2.5), respectively. Mean complete protection times (SE) for IR3535, KBR3023, PMD, and deet were 3.0 (1.0), 5.4 (0.6), 3.8 (1.4), and 5.6 (0.5) h, …

Arsenic(Iii) Oxidation And Arsenic(V) Adsorption Reactions On Synthetic Birnessite, Bruce A. Manning, Scott E. Fendorf, Benjamin Bostick, Donald L. Suarez

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The oxidation of arsenite (As(III)) by manganese oxide is an important reaction in both the natural cycling of As and the development of remediation technology for lowering the concentration of dissolved As(III) in drinking water. This study used both a conventional stirred reaction apparatus and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy to investigate the reactions of As(III) and As(V) with synthetic birnessite (MnO₂). Stirred reactor experiments indicate that As(III) is oxidized by MnO₂ followed by the adsorption of the As(V) reaction product on the MnO₂ solid phase. The As(V)-Mn interatomic distance determined by EXAFS analysis …

Growing Rice Grain With Controlled Cadmium Concentrations, Urszula Kukier, Rufus L. Chaney

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Two solution studies were conducted a) to investigate the uptake of zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) by rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) and interaction between these elements, and b) to determine experimental conditions for growing rice grain with desired Cd concentration for an animal feeding study. In both studies, free metal activities of cadmium and cationic microelements were buffered by an excess of chelating agents. The first study was a factorial design with two Zn levels (1.0 and 3.89 μM) and four Cd levels (0.81, 1.44, 2.56 and 4.55 μM) in the solution. In the second study, rice was …

Biomass And Nitrogen Traits Of Summer Pigeon Peas And Winter Wheat Grown For Three Rotations In Containers, Srinivas C. Rao, Charles T. Mackown, James E. Bidlack

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Pigeon pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] cultivars, ‘Georgia-1’ and ‘ICPL-87’, were grown without inoculation and with Bradyrhizobium inoculation (multistrain, TAL 1127, or TAL 1132) to evaluate legume dry weight (DW) and nitrogen (N) content, soil mineral N, and subsequent wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity. Pigeon peas were grown during summer and ‘TAM 101’ wheat was grown during winter, along with summer fallow controls fertilized with 0, 45, and 90 kg N ha^-1, in 36-cm diam. 20-L pots from 1992 to 1995. Representative pigeon peas were harvested in the fall and remaining plants were incorporated into the …

Quantifying Laboratory And Field Variability To Assess Potential For Carbon Sequestration, R. A. Bowman, J. D. Reeder, B. J. Wienhold

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Accurate measurements of soil organic carbon (SOC) levels are essential to assess changes in C sequestration rates. To this end we conducted studies to evaluate laboratory variability in SOC concentration measured at USDA-ARS laboratories in Akron, CO, Cheyenne,WY, and Lincoln, NE. At the Akron laboratory we also evaluated field spatial variability within common cropping treatments in order to assess the potential to quantify significant changes in SOC content associated with rotations of varying cropping intensities. Our data showed very low coefficients of variation for SOC values from each of the three laboratories, and the same average SOC values for soils …

Oviducal Sperm Storage In Turkeys: Spatial Distribution Of Sperm Within The Uterovaginal Junction Sperm-Storage Tubules, M. R. Bakst, Bryan T. Vinyard

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The spatial distribution of sperm within the sperm storage tubules (SST) found in
the uterovaginal junction (UVJ) of the turkey is not known. In this study, we inseminated sperm stained with a fluorescent dye (Hoechst 33342) to determine their distribution in SST in the ventral, dorsal, and lateral regions of the proximal, middle, and distal regions of the UVJ. There was no preferential filling in the ventral-dorsal axis of the UVJ. In contrast, preferential filling of the SST was observed in the middle section of the UVJ. Here the individual SST were clearly longer and more pleomorphic than the SST …

Physiology And Reproduction: Embryonic Development From First Cleavage Through Seventy-Two Hours Incubation In Two Strains Of Pekin Duck (Anas Platyrhynchos), V. Dupuy, B. Nersessian, M. R. Bakst

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Embryonic mortality is a significant problem plaguing the commercial duck industry worldwide. Yet, an objective means to stage development of the duck embryo is lacking. Such a staging procedure, which is described in this study, is essential for the critical and reproducible assessment of embryo development. The morphological features associated with duck embryo development are very similar to those of the chicken, although the duck embryo develops more slowly. The staging scheme presented here provides objective morphological criteria describing the embryonic development of the duck.

Segregation Of Spermatozoa Within Sperm Storage Tubules Of Fowl And Turkey Hens, L. M. King, J. P. Brillard, M. R. Bakst, A. M. Donoghue

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

In avian species, spermatozoa reside in the oviduct for prolonged periods in specialized structures known as sperm storage tubules, but little is known about the relative distribution of spermatozoa in these tubules after successive inseminations by different males. The staining efficacies of various fluorescent dyes for fowl and turkey spermatozoa were evaluated to investigate one proposed mechanism of sperm competition. Hens were then inseminated at different intervals with stained and unstained spermatozoa to observe the spatial distribution of spermatozoa within the storage tubules. Several novel fluorescent lipophilic tracers that successfully stain mammalian spermatozoa either did not stain fowl or turkey …

Molecular Cloning, Functional Characterization, And Subcellular Localization Of Soybean Nodule Dihydrolipoamide Reductase, Jose F. Moran, Zhaohui Sun, Gautam Sarath, Raul Arredondo-Peter, Euan K. James, Manuel Becana, Robert V. Klucas

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Nodule ferric leghemoglobin reductase (FLbR) and leaf dihydrolipoamide reductase (DLDH) belong to the same family of pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductases. We report here the cloning, expression, and characterization of a second protein with FLbR activity, FLbR-2, from soybean (Glycine max) nodules. The cDNA is 1,779 bp in length and codes for a precursor protein comprising a 30-residue mitochondrial transit peptide and a 470-residue mature protein of 50 kD. The derived protein has considerable homology with soybean nodule FLbR-1 (93% identity) and pea (Pisum sativum) leaf mitochondria DLDH (89% identity). The cDNA encoding the mature protein was overexpressed …