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Articles 31 - 60 of 15827
Full-Text Articles in State and Local Government Law
The Multitudinous Racial Harms Caused By Florida's Stop Woke And Anti-Dei Legislation, Katheryn Russell-Brown
The Multitudinous Racial Harms Caused By Florida's Stop Woke And Anti-Dei Legislation, Katheryn Russell-Brown
UF Law Faculty Publications
Since 2021, Florida has passed legislation that radically redefines how educators address race-related topics in the university classroom. Two laws in particular, HB 7 (Stop WOKE Act) and HB 999, which outlaws DEI programs at Florida universities, have led the charge. The goals of this Article are three-fold. First, to demonstrate how HB 7 and HB 999 have created a devasting and powerful educational force in Florida, a force that diminishes certain forms of racial discussion and inquiry in the college classroom. Second, to show the direct link between these laws and antebellum anti-literacy laws. The historical moments that separate …
Appoint Judge Ana De Alba To The Ninth Circuit, Carl Tobias
Appoint Judge Ana De Alba To The Ninth Circuit, Carl Tobias
University of Richmond Law Review
The United States Senate must rapidly appoint Eastern District of California Judge Ana de Alba to the Ninth Circuit. This appellate tribunal is a preeminent regional circuit, which faces substantial appeals, has the largest complement of jurists, and clearly includes a massive geographic expanse. The nominee, whom President Joe Biden designated in spring 2023, would offer remarkable gender, experiential, ideological, and ethnic diversity realized primarily from serving productively with the California federal district, and state trial, courts after rigorously litigating for one decade in a highly regarded private law firm. For over fifteen years, she deftly excelled in law’s upper …
Interlocal Power Roulette, Daniel B. Rosenbaum
Interlocal Power Roulette, Daniel B. Rosenbaum
Indiana Law Journal
Local governments inhabit a crowded ecosystem. Cities, counties, and school districts—and many more—share overlapping territorial jurisdictions. Overlapping jurisdiction goes hand-in-hand with redundant local power, defined as a scenario where multiple governments hold independent authority to take the exact same action in the exact same territorial space. In Maine, for example, state law empowers three local bodies to operate the same sewer infrastructure. In Detroit, two separate entities are equally tasked with managing the city’s streetlights. And in communities across the country, local governments are broadly authorized to own the same parcels of public land, including in Oakland, California, where public …
Using State And Local Governments’ Purchasing Power To Combat Wage Theft, Courtlyn G. Roser-Jones
Using State And Local Governments’ Purchasing Power To Combat Wage Theft, Courtlyn G. Roser-Jones
Washington and Lee Law Review
Regulatory efforts to curb wage theft are failing. And for good reason: these laws generally empower individual workers to pursue their rights when employers neglect to pay them what they are owed and deter employers with substantial penalties. But the vast majority of workers do not take formal action against their employers. So, when the penalties for committing wage theft are almost entirely triggered by claims workers do not bring, they do not deter employer behavior. Instead, because the likelihood of being penalized at all is so low, some employers make profit-maximizing decisions to commit wage theft on a large …
Prioritizing Oklahoma Mothers: Recommending Rehabilitation And Recovery Rather Than Punishment For Pregnancy, Alex B. Cox
Prioritizing Oklahoma Mothers: Recommending Rehabilitation And Recovery Rather Than Punishment For Pregnancy, Alex B. Cox
Oklahoma Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Short And Troubled History Of The Printed State Administrative Codes And Why They Should Be Preserved, Kurt X. Metzmeier
The Short And Troubled History Of The Printed State Administrative Codes And Why They Should Be Preserved, Kurt X. Metzmeier
Faculty Scholarship
This article makes a case for the historical importance of early state administrative codes and urges that law libraries preserve them for future researchers of state administrative law and policy.
Tribal Sovereignty Preempted, Michael Doran
Tribal Sovereignty Preempted, Michael Doran
Brooklyn Law Review
In June of 2022, the US Supreme Court held in Oklahoma v. Castro-Huerta that a state may prosecute a non-Indian for a crime committed against an Indian within Indian country. That decision effectively overruled Worcester v. Georgia, an 1832 landmark case in which Chief Justice Marshall said that state law “can have no force” in Indian country. Although the conventional wisdom about Castro-Huerta sees the case as a radical departure from first principles of federal Indian law, this article argues that Castro-Huerta is the natural—although deeply deplorable—next step in a long line of Supreme Court cases expanding state governmental authority …
Identity Crisis: First Amendment Implications Of State Identification Card And Driver’S License Branding For Registered Sex Offenders, Marina D. Barron
Identity Crisis: First Amendment Implications Of State Identification Card And Driver’S License Branding For Registered Sex Offenders, Marina D. Barron
Brooklyn Law Review
The Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act has been criticized since its inception as excessively punitive, a poor means of preventing sex crimes, and an invasion of basic privacy rights. There are currently eight states that require registered sex offenders to carry branded identification cards (IDs) that mark their registrant status. These markings range anywhere from a letter or symbol on the face of the card, to the words “SEXUAL OFFENDER” or “SEXUAL PREDATOR” in bright red or orange letters. Registrants are forced to share this private and harmful information to the unknowing and presumably uninterested public, including pharmacists, hotel …
Gang Accusations: The Beast That Burdens Noncitizens, Mary Holper
Gang Accusations: The Beast That Burdens Noncitizens, Mary Holper
Brooklyn Law Review
This article examines evidence that the government presents in deportation proceedings against young men of color to prove that they are gang members. The gang evidence results in detention, deportation, adverse credibility decisions, and denial of discretionary relief. This article examines the gang evidence through the lens of the law’s use of presumptions and the corresponding burdens of proof at play in immigration proceedings. The immigration burden allocations allow adjudicators to readily accept the harmful presumption contained in the gang evidence—that urban youth of color are criminals and likely to engage in violent crime associated with gangs. The article seeks …
Barriers To Use Of Cross-Laminated Timber In Maine, Shane R. O'Neill
Barriers To Use Of Cross-Laminated Timber In Maine, Shane R. O'Neill
Forest Resources Faculty Scholarship
To increase understanding of both the adoption rate and in-state manufacturing of mass timber In Maine, the 131st Legislature and Governor Mills passed LD 881, a resolve directing a study of the barriers facing cross-laminated timber In Maine and provide recommendations to promote their use in construction. This study was developed in response to the resolve. The study engaged 108 unique participants to define available training, education, and experiences across the stakeholders throughout the building lifecycle process in the state.
From this information, the following five recommendations are proposed:
- Understand the policies and initiatives of other states to develop …
The Anti-Constitutionality Of The Deeply Rooted Test In Dobbs V. Jackson, Reginald Oh
The Anti-Constitutionality Of The Deeply Rooted Test In Dobbs V. Jackson, Reginald Oh
Cleveland State Law Review
The deeply rooted in history test used by Justice Alito in Dobbs v. Jackson to overturn Roe v. Wade is anti-constitutional. In Dobbs, Alito concluded that, because a majority of states in 1868 criminalized abortion, abortion is not deeply rooted in history, and is therefore not a fundamental liberty under the Fourteenth Amendment Due Process Clause. However, relying on state laws in 1868 to interpret constitutional text not only has no basis in the Constitution, it goes against the fundamental nature of the Constitution as an integrated whole. What I call the Integrated Constitution is based on Chief Justice John …
R.E.S.P.E.C.T.: The Court's Forgotten Virtue, Camille Pollutro
R.E.S.P.E.C.T.: The Court's Forgotten Virtue, Camille Pollutro
Cleveland State Law Review
This Article recommends a shift in constitutional interpretation that requires the existence of respect for the class at issue when a fundamental right is being considered under the narrow, historical deeply rooted test of the Fourteenth Amendment. By focusing on Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization, this Article highlights that the class at issue—women—are having their fundamental rights decided for them by the legal sources of 1868. In applying this strict and narrow historical deeply rooted test, the Court fails to consider the lack of respect and autonomy that women had in 1868. To the Court, if twenty-eight out …
Wrong Or (Fundamental) Right?: Substantive Due Process And The Right To Exclude, Jack May
Wrong Or (Fundamental) Right?: Substantive Due Process And The Right To Exclude, Jack May
Washington Law Review
Substantive due process provides heightened protection from government interference with enumerated constitutional rights and unenumerated—but nevertheless “fundamental”—rights. To date, the United States Supreme Court has never recognized any property right as a fundamental right for substantive due process purposes. But in Yim v. City of Seattle, a case recently decided by the Ninth Circuit, landlords and tenant screening companies argued that the right to exclude from one’s property should be a fundamental right. Yim involved a challenge to Seattle’s Fair Chance Housing Ordinance, which, among other things, prohibits landlords and tenant screening companies from inquiring about or considering a …
Wills, Trusts, And Estates, Allison A. Tait, Hunter M. Glenn
Wills, Trusts, And Estates, Allison A. Tait, Hunter M. Glenn
University of Richmond Law Review
This year’s legislative and judicial activity surrounding wills, trusts, and estates did not bring any radical shifts in the law, but rather expansions and clarifications. In the legislative realm, the bulk of the activity centered on expanding protections for parties under guardianship, with a sensitivity to safeguarding vulnerable parties from neglect or even predation. The new rules aim to increase transparency in process, preserve confidential financial information, and ensure minimums of care and contact. The rules affect these goals by providing for more transparency through notice requirements as well as required written filings. Moreover, they protect parties under guardianship by …
Legal Representation Of Parents In Child Dependency Cases In Virginia, Eric J. Reynolds
Legal Representation Of Parents In Child Dependency Cases In Virginia, Eric J. Reynolds
University of Richmond Law Review
Virginia’s current system of providing court-appointed legal counsel for parents involved in child dependency cases is unsustainable and inadequate, requiring swift and dramatic action from the state government. Inadequate legal representation for parents often leads to poor outcomes for children and a lack of protections for the parents’ due process rights. While attempts to improve the system have been made in recent years, they are often quickly dismissed. The largest hindrances in the current system, this Article suggests, is that court-appointed attorneys for parents are typically underpaid, undertrained, and consequently unable to meaningfully advocate for their client. Due to the …
The Current State Of Abortion Law In Virginia Leaves Victims Of Domestic And Sexual Violence Vulnerable To Abuse: Why Virginia Should Codify The Right To Abortion In The State Constitution†, Courtenay Schwartz
University of Richmond Law Review
All people must have access to safe and legal reproductive health care—especially victims of sexual and domestic violence who can and do become pregnant because of the violence they experience. This year, the United States Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade and Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization. In doing so, the Supreme Court held that the Constitution does not protect the right to an abortion. Though abortion access is currently protected in Virginia, this could change with each new General Assembly session. To guard against the danger that this poses to …
Taxing The New With The Old: Capturing The Value Of Data With The Corporate Income Tax In Virginia, Coleman H. Cheeley
Taxing The New With The Old: Capturing The Value Of Data With The Corporate Income Tax In Virginia, Coleman H. Cheeley
University of Richmond Law Review
The Commonwealth of Virginia markets itself as “The Largest Data Center Market in the World.”In 2019, the Northern Virginia market alone was the largest in the United States by inventory, with room to grow. In 2021, data centers in Northern Virginia required an estimated 1,686 megawatts of power; that number is expected to increase by 200 megawatts in the near future, reflecting data centers currently under development. For reference, in 2022, it was estimated that more than 100 homes could be powered by one megawatt of solar power in Virginia. Historically, data centers have been located in the Commonwealth due …
Taxation, Craig D. Bell
Taxation, Craig D. Bell
University of Richmond Law Review
This Article reviews significant recent developments in the laws affecting Virginia state and local taxation. Its Parts cover legislative activity, judicial decisions, and selected opinions from the past year. Part I of this Article addresses taxes administered by the Virginia Department of Taxation (the “Tax Department” or “Department”). Part II covers local taxes, including real and tangible personal property machinery and tools, license taxes, and other discrete local taxes.
The overall purpose of this Article is to provide Virginia tax and general practitioners with a concise overview of the recent developments in Virginia taxation that are most likely to impact …
Preface, Alexandra M. Voehringer
Preface, Alexandra M. Voehringer
University of Richmond Law Review
The University of Richmond Law Review proudly presents the thirty-eighth issue of the Annual Survey of Virginia Law. Since 1985, the Annual Survey has served as a guiding tool for practitioners and students to stay abreast of recent legislative, judicial, and administrative developments in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Today, the Annual Survey is the most widely read publication of the Law Review, reaching lawyers, judges, legislators, and students in every corner of the Commonwealth.
Foreword, The Honorable L. A. Harris Jr.
Foreword, The Honorable L. A. Harris Jr.
University of Richmond Law Review
“Your writing is so bad you will not be considered for Law Review and there is some question about your admittance to Law School.”
Life is strange and ironic. In 1974 as a second year law student at the T. C. Williams School of Law at the University of Richmond, I was invited to submit an article to determine if I would be permitted to serve on the Law Review. A member of the Law Review evaluated my article and met with me. In summation he said my writing was so bad that I would not be considered for Law …
Civil Practice And Procedure, Christopher S. Dadak
Civil Practice And Procedure, Christopher S. Dadak
University of Richmond Law Review
This Article discusses Supreme Court of Virginia and, for the first time, Court of Appeals of Virginia analysis of procedural issues. The Article further discusses revisions to civil procedure provisions of the Code of Virginia and Rules of the Supreme Court of Virginia in the last year.
The Article first addresses opinions of the supreme court and court of appeals, then new legislation enacted during the 2023 General Assembly Session, and finally revisions to the Rules of the Supreme Court of Virginia.
Criminal Law And Procedure, Lauren E. Brice, Michelle C. F. Derrico
Criminal Law And Procedure, Lauren E. Brice, Michelle C. F. Derrico
University of Richmond Law Review
It has been another busy year in the General Assembly and in the appellate courts of Virginia, especially with the recently expanded Court of Appeals. Areas in which the General Assembly made significant changes are now filtering to the appellate courts for interpretation. There have been a number of significant opinions in retroactivity of statutes, probation violations, and mental health.
Getting To The Shore On Foot: Sustaining Harvester Access, Bill Zoellick, Pauline V. Angione, Emily Farr, Ada Fisher, Jessica Gribbon Joyce, B Lauer, Marissa Mcmahan Ph.D., Michael Pinkham, Vicki Rea
Getting To The Shore On Foot: Sustaining Harvester Access, Bill Zoellick, Pauline V. Angione, Emily Farr, Ada Fisher, Jessica Gribbon Joyce, B Lauer, Marissa Mcmahan Ph.D., Michael Pinkham, Vicki Rea
Maine Policy Review
"Working Waterfront" conjures images of the Portland Fish Exchange, Belfast shipyards, or wharves and piers in Stonington. Ensuring that such sites continue as essential elements of Maine's marine economy is increasingly the focus of innovative action and policy development. But policies to address Maine's working waterfronts must also attend to waterfront access required by those who reach it on foot. Such access rights are rarely conferred by private ownership. Instead, they depend on public ownership and, more frequently, on informal social arrangements between harvesters and property owners. In this article, we describe the nature of the shore access needed by …
The New Comity Abstention, John Harland Giammatteo
The New Comity Abstention, John Harland Giammatteo
Journal Articles
In the past ten years, lower federal courts have quietly but regularly abstained from hearing federal claims challenging state court procedures, citing concerns of comity and federalism. Federal courts have dismissed a broad range of substantive challenges tasked to them by Congress, including under the Americans with Disabilities Act, the Indian Child Welfare Act, and various constitutional provisions, involving state court eviction proceedings, foster care determinations, bail and criminal justice policies, COVID-era safety practices, and other instances where state courts determine state policy.
This paper is the first to argue that these decisions constitute a new abstention doctrine, unmoored from …
Local Government, Jacob Stalvey O'Neal
Local Government, Jacob Stalvey O'Neal
Mercer Law Review
This Article surveys a selection of noteworthy cases involving local government that Georgia courts decided between June 1, 2022 and May 31, 2023.
Zoning And Land Use Law, Newton M. Galloway, Steven J. Jones, Joshua Williams
Zoning And Land Use Law, Newton M. Galloway, Steven J. Jones, Joshua Williams
Mercer Law Review
Each annual survey of Georgia zoning and land use law since 2017 has chronicled judicial decisions ostensibly intended to transform legislative zoning decisions into quasi-judicial actions. These include City of Cumming v. Flowers, in which the Supreme Court of Georgia held a local government variance decision, and any other zoning or entitlement decision tightly controlled by the local ordinance, is quasi-judicial and may only be appealed by writ of certiorari, regardless of the mechanism for appeal set out in the local government’s ordinance; York v. Athens College of Ministry, Inc., in which the Court of Appeals of Georgia …
Confederate Standoff: The Georgia Supreme Court Clarifies Standing Requirements In Sons Of Confederate Veterans V. Henry County Board Of Commissioners, Clay Wright
Mercer Law Review
The Supreme Court of Georgia’s ruling in Sons of Confederate Veterans v. Henry County Board of Commissioners marks a transformative moment in the evolution of Georgia’s standing doctrine. The case delves into the dimensions of standing in Georgia courts, specifically addressing whether community stakeholders, such as citizens, residents, taxpayers,and voters, must prove an individualized injury to establish standing when raising a general grievance against their local government.
Commissioners Shoot For The Moon, Citizens Land Among The Stars: The Supreme Court Of Georgia Affirms Citizen Referendum Power In Camden County V. Sweatt, J. Bailey Hotard
Commissioners Shoot For The Moon, Citizens Land Among The Stars: The Supreme Court Of Georgia Affirms Citizen Referendum Power In Camden County V. Sweatt, J. Bailey Hotard
Mercer Law Review
Georgia citizens possess few direct democratic mechanisms to check the power of their local governments. One available tool is the referendum power proscribed by the Home Rule Provision of the Constitution of the State of Georgia. Under this provision, county and municipal citizens may petition their local governing authorities for referendum when a legislative decision is largely unpopular. Relying on originalism and textualism, the Supreme Court of Georgia interpreted the Home Rule Provision broadly in Camden County v. Sweatt, a decision than ran counter to a twenty-five-year precedent. This court’s recent interpretation of the Home Rule Provision allows citizens …
Research On Renewable Energy Project Opposition Selected For Environmental Law And Policy Annual Review Award, James Owsley Boyd
Research On Renewable Energy Project Opposition Selected For Environmental Law And Policy Annual Review Award, James Owsley Boyd
Keep Up With the Latest News from the Law School (blog)
A publication co-authored by Indiana University Maurer School of Law Dean Christiana Ochoa and 2021 Law School alumna Kacey Cook has been selected to appear in the 17th edition of the Environmental Law and Policy Annual Review.
“Deals in the Heartland: Renewable Energy Projects, Local Resistance, and How Law Can Help” was authored by Ochoa, Cook, and University of Minnesota Law School third-year student Hanna Weil and was published in January 2023 in the Minnesota Law Review.