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Articles 31 - 60 of 120
Full-Text Articles in Securities Law
Taking Certification Seriously – Why There Is No Such Thing As An Adequate Representative In A Securities Fraud Class Action, Richard A. Booth
Taking Certification Seriously – Why There Is No Such Thing As An Adequate Representative In A Securities Fraud Class Action, Richard A. Booth
Working Paper Series
Securities fraud class actions (SFCAs) arising under Rule 10b-5 are well established as a feature of the legal landscape, but they are a vestige of a largely outdated view of investor behavior and preferences. In the 1960s, most investors were undiversified stock pickers. Today, most investors hold stock through well diversified institutions. As a result, most investors are net losers from SFCAs. Moreover, it is arguable that it is irrational for most investors not to be diversified. A passive investor who fails to diversify assumes unnecessary risk for the same expected return that diversified investors enjoy. Given that federal securities …
Gatekeeper Failures: Why Important, What To Do, Merritt B. Fox
Gatekeeper Failures: Why Important, What To Do, Merritt B. Fox
Michigan Law Review
The United States was hit by a wave of corporate scandals that crested between late 2001 and the end of 2002. Some were traditional scandals involving insiders looting company assets - the most prominent being Tyco, HealthSouth, and Adelphia. But most were what might be called "financial scandals": attempts by an issuer to maximize the market price of its securities by creating misimpressions as to what its future cash flows were likely to be. Enron and WorldCom were the most spectacular examples of these financial scandals. In scores of additional cases, the companies involved and their executives were sued by …
Proxy Contests In An Era Of Increasing Shareholder Power: Forget Issuer Proxy Access And Focus On E-Proxy, Jeffrey N. Gordon
Proxy Contests In An Era Of Increasing Shareholder Power: Forget Issuer Proxy Access And Focus On E-Proxy, Jeffrey N. Gordon
Vanderbilt Law Review
The current debate over shareholder access to the issuer's proxy statement for the purpose of making director nominations is both overstated in its importance and misses the serious issue in question. The Securities and Exchange Commission's ("SEC's") new e- proxy rules, which permit reliance on proxy materials posted on a website, should substantially reduce the production and distribution cost differences between a meaningful contest waged via the issuer's proxy and a freestanding proxy solicitation. No matter which avenue is used, however, the serious question relates to the appropriate disclosure required of a shareholder nominator. Should the nominator be subject to …
Derivatives At Bankruptcy: Lifesaving Knowledge For The Small Firm, Jonathon Keath Hance
Derivatives At Bankruptcy: Lifesaving Knowledge For The Small Firm, Jonathon Keath Hance
Washington and Lee Law Review
No abstract provided.
Don't Cross The Streams: Past And Present Overstatement Of Customary International Law In Connection With Conventional Fair And Equitable Treatment Obligations, Theodore Kill
Michigan Law Review
The obligation to provide fair and equitable treatment to foreign investors and investments has existed as a concept of international economic law at least since the 1919 Covenant of the League of Nations. The fair and equitable treatment provision is a key protection contained in the vast majority of modern bilateral investment treaties. Tribunals adjudicating alleged breaches of these fair and equitable treatment provisions have not arrived at a uniform interpretation of the term. As a threshold issue, however each tribunal must address the question of whether a state's obligations under a given treaty's fair and equitable treatment provision will …
Hands-Off Options, Jesse M. Fried
Hands-Off Options, Jesse M. Fried
Vanderbilt Law Review
Executive compensation long has attracted considerable interest from investors, academics, regulators, and the media. It received increased attention in the wake of the Enron and other corporate governance scandals that erupted at the beginning of the century. Hundreds of firms were found to have engaged in various forms of earnings manipulation that, ultimately, destroyed tens of billions of dollars of social value. Much of this earnings manipulation was linked to executives' pay arrangements, such as their ability to time the unwinding of their equity incentives. The scandals eventually led to some of the most important corporate governance reforms in decades, …
There Are Plaintiffs And ... There Are Plaintiffs: An Empirical Analysis Of Securities Class Action Settlements, James D. Cox, Randall S. Thomas, Lynn Bai
There Are Plaintiffs And ... There Are Plaintiffs: An Empirical Analysis Of Securities Class Action Settlements, James D. Cox, Randall S. Thomas, Lynn Bai
Vanderbilt Law Review
Reform of the securities class action is once again the subject of national debate. The impetus for this debate is the reports of three different groups-the Committee on Capital Market Regulation,' the Commission on the Regulation of U.S. Capital Markets in the 21st Century, and McKinsey & Company.3 Each of the reports focuses on a single theme: how the contemporary regulatory culture places U.S. capital markets at a competitive disadvantage to foreign markets. While the reports target multiple regulatory forces in their calls for reform, each report singles out securities class actions as one of the prime villains that place …
The Lead Plaintiff Provisions Of The Pslra After A Decade, Or "Look What's Happened To My Baby", Elliott J. Weiss
The Lead Plaintiff Provisions Of The Pslra After A Decade, Or "Look What's Happened To My Baby", Elliott J. Weiss
Vanderbilt Law Review
In 1995, my colleague John Beckerman and I had an experience shared by very few legal academics. We mailed the galley proofs of an article that we had written to the staff of a Senate Committee and then saw the Committee, the Senate, and the full Congress enact into law a bill that included all of the recommendations in our article. The article was Let the Money Do the Monitoring: How Institutional Investors Can Reduce Agency Costs in Securities Class Actions; the law was the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 ("PSLRA"). The relevant provisions of the PSLRA, now …
Pruning The Antitrust Tree: Credit Suisse Securities (Usa) Llc V. Billing And The Immunization Of The Securities Industry From Antitrust Liability, John P. Lucas
Mercer Law Review
In Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC v. Billing, the United States Supreme Court, speaking through Justice Breyer, held that the current securities law regime impliedly precludes the application of state and federal antitrust laws to underwriters' and institutional investors' conduct during initial public offerings of securities. Justice Stevens concurred in the judgment only and issued his own opinion. Justice Thomas delivered the lone dissent. Justice Kennedy did not participate in the decision, likely because his son is a managing director of petitioner Credit Suisse Securities. Overturning the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, the Court continued …
Free Speech, Private Offerings Regs: Focus On Purchaser, Stephen P. Wink
Free Speech, Private Offerings Regs: Focus On Purchaser, Stephen P. Wink
Stephen P Wink
No abstract provided.
Perceptions Of Fairness In Securities Arbitration: An Empirical Study, Jill I. Gross
Perceptions Of Fairness In Securities Arbitration: An Empirical Study, Jill I. Gross
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
This Report to the Securities Industry Conference on Arbitration (SICA) documents the results of the authors’ empirical study, through a one-time mailed survey, of survey participants’ perceptions of fairness of securities Self-Regulatory Organization (SRO) arbitrations involving customers. The survey was designed to assess participants’ perceptions of the: (1) fairness of the SRO arbitration process; (2) competence of arbitrators to resolve investors’ disputes with their broker-dealers; (3) fairness of SRO arbitration as compared to their perceptions of fairness in securities litigation in similar disputes; and (4) fairness of the outcome of arbitrations.
The Use Of The Corporate Monitor In Sec Enforcement Actions, Jennifer O'Hare
The Use Of The Corporate Monitor In Sec Enforcement Actions, Jennifer O'Hare
Working Paper Series
This paper addresses the SEC’s recent use of the corporate monitor as ancillary relief in its enforcement actions. The corporate monitor represents the latest example of the SEC seeking to shift its enforcement responsibilities to the public companies it regulates. Focusing on the role played by the corporate monitor imposed by the SEC in its enforcement action brought against WorldCom, this paper considers some of the dangers posed by the use of the corporate monitor, such as the whether the appointment of a corporate monitor constitutes impermissible overreaching by the SEC. The paper recognizes that the corporate monitor can be …
The Paulson Report Reconsidered: How To Fix Securities Litigation By Converting Class Actions Into Issuer Actions, Richard A. Booth
The Paulson Report Reconsidered: How To Fix Securities Litigation By Converting Class Actions Into Issuer Actions, Richard A. Booth
Working Paper Series
This short essay considers the findings and recommendations of the Paulson Report relating to securities fraud class actions under the 1934 Act and Rule 10b-5. While the report exposes numerous problems with securities litigation in the United States, it understates the problems inherent in stock-drop actions. As a result, the report fails to propose an effective fix. As the report recognizes, diversified investors gain nothing from stock-drop actions: Because the corporation pays, holders effectively reimburse buyers and sellers keep their gains. In other words, the system suffers from circularity akin to a game of musical chairs in that stock-drop actions …
Option Backdating And Its Implications, Jesse M. Fried
Option Backdating And Its Implications, Jesse M. Fried
Washington and Lee Law Review
Thousands of U.S. companies appear to have secretly backdated stock options. This Article analyzes three forms of secret option backdating: (1) the backdating of executives' option grants; (2) the backdating of nonexecutive employees' option grants; and (3) the backdating of executives' option exercises. It shows that each type of backdating less likely reflects arm's length contracting than a desire to inflate and camouflage executive pay. Secret backdating thus provides further evidence that pay arrangements have been shaped by executives' influence over their boards. The fact that so many firms continued to secretly backdate after the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, in blatant violation …
The Petrochina Syndrome: Regulating Capital Markets In The Anti-Globalization Era, Stephen F. Diamond
The Petrochina Syndrome: Regulating Capital Markets In The Anti-Globalization Era, Stephen F. Diamond
Stephen F. Diamond
This article argues that the process of globalization has generated a legitimation deficit that can be the source of wasteful, even destructive, social and political conflict. I stylize this outcome as "the PetroChina Syndrome," after a leading example of the kind of activity generated in response to globalization, the PetroChina Campaign, where a coalition of labor, human rights, environmental, anti-slavery and religious groups worked together to oppose the initial public offering of a major Chinese oil company led by Goldman Sachs. The article begins with a discussion of this important but largely unexplored dimension of the anti-globalization era triggered by …
Should The Sec Be A Collection Agency For Defrauded Investors?, Barbara Black
Should The Sec Be A Collection Agency For Defrauded Investors?, Barbara Black
Faculty Articles and Other Publications
One of the important functions of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("the SEC") is enforcing the securities laws and punishing violators. Collecting damages for defrauded investors was not, historically, an important part of the agency's mission; rather that was the function of private securities fraud class actions. Section 308 (the "Fair Fund provision") of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 gives the SEC a more prominent role in compensating investors and allows the agency, in some circumstances, to distribute civil penalties to defrauded investors. The SEC has established Fair Funds in a number of high-profile cases and has taken pride …
Working Toward Fair Treatment For Retail Investors, Barbara Black
Working Toward Fair Treatment For Retail Investors, Barbara Black
Faculty Articles and Other Publications
Twenty years ago, in Shearson/American Express, Inc. v. McMahon, the Supreme Court held that brokerage firms could require their customers to arbitrate all their disputes in industry-sponsored fora - a decision that had great significance for the law of arbitration as well as securities regulation. In 1996, a blue-ribbon task force released its report, assessing the securities arbitration process at National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. (NASD), the principal securities arbitration forum, and the report led to several symposia on the topic coinciding with the tenth anniversary of McMahon. Since then, arbitration scholars and practitioners have intensified the debate over …
Experimenting With The Lead Plaintiff Selection Process In Securities Class Actions: A Suggestion For Pslra Reform, Andrew S. Gold
Experimenting With The Lead Plaintiff Selection Process In Securities Class Actions: A Suggestion For Pslra Reform, Andrew S. Gold
Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
On Beyond Calpers: Survey Evidence On The Developing Role Of Public Pension Funds In Corporate Governance, Stephen Choi, Jill E. Fisch
On Beyond Calpers: Survey Evidence On The Developing Role Of Public Pension Funds In Corporate Governance, Stephen Choi, Jill E. Fisch
All Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
The Fortunes And Foibles Of Exchange-Traded Funds: A Positive Market Response To The Problems Of Mutual Funds, William A. Birdthistle
The Fortunes And Foibles Of Exchange-Traded Funds: A Positive Market Response To The Problems Of Mutual Funds, William A. Birdthistle
All Faculty Scholarship
One of the most dynamic and complex new investment vehicles on the market today is the exchange-traded fund (ETF), a security that provides the diversification of a mutual fund but trades on a securities exchange like a stock. In just fifteen years, the number of ETFs has proliferated to well over 600, attracting more than half a trillion dollars in investment. The majority of that expansion has occurred in just the past two years, largely as a consequence of recent difficulties in the mutual fund industry. With ETF sponsors aggressively seeking to create novel kinds of ETFs and to add …
Deconstructing Equity: Public Ownership, Agency Costs, And Complete Capital Markets, Charles K. Whitehead, Ronald J. Gilson
Deconstructing Equity: Public Ownership, Agency Costs, And Complete Capital Markets, Charles K. Whitehead, Ronald J. Gilson
Cornell Law Faculty Publications
The traditional law and finance focus on agency costs presumes that the premise that diversified public shareholders are the cheapest risk bearers is immutable. In this Essay, we raise the possibility that changes in the capital markets have called this premise into question, drawn into sharp relief by the recent private equity wave in which the size and range of public companies being taken private expanded significantly. In brief, we argue that private owners, in increasingly complete markets, can transfer risk in discrete slices to counterparties who, in turn, can manage or otherwise diversify away those risks they choose to …
When Perception Changes Reality: An Empirical Study Of Investors' Views Of The Fairness Of Securities Arbitration, Jill I. Gross
When Perception Changes Reality: An Empirical Study Of Investors' Views Of The Fairness Of Securities Arbitration, Jill I. Gross
Elisabeth Haub School of Law Faculty Publications
Arbitration in securities industry-sponsored forums is the primary mechanism to resolve disputes between investors and their brokerage firms. Because it is mandatory, participants debate its fairness, and Congress has introduced legislation to ban pre-dispute arbitration clauses in customer agreements. Missing from the debate has been empirical research of perceptions of fairness by the participants, especially investors. To fill that gap, we mailed 25,000 surveys to participants in recent securities arbitrations involving customers to learn their views of the process. The article first details the survey's background, explains the importance of surveying perceptions of fairness, and describes our methodologies, procedures, and …
Law And Morality, Mubashshir Sarshar
Natural Justice And Its Applications In Administrative Law, Mubashshir Sarshar
Natural Justice And Its Applications In Administrative Law, Mubashshir Sarshar
Mubashshir Sarshar
No abstract provided.
Capacity Of The State And Its Subordinates, Mubashshir Sarshar
Capacity Of The State And Its Subordinates, Mubashshir Sarshar
Mubashshir Sarshar
No abstract provided.
Judicial Review, Mubashshir Sarshar
Functioning Of The Law Commission Of India, Mubashshir Sarshar
Functioning Of The Law Commission Of India, Mubashshir Sarshar
Mubashshir Sarshar
No abstract provided.
J.S Mill On Liberty, Mubashshir Sarshar
Bar Council Of India, Mubashshir Sarshar
“A Responsabilidade Dos Administradores E Os Deveres De Cuidado Enquanto Estratégias De Corporate Governance” [The Liability Of Board Members And Duties Of Care As Corporate Governance Strategies], Bruno Ferreira
Bruno Ferreira
No abstract provided.