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Articles 1 - 30 of 43
Full-Text Articles in President/Executive Department
The Trump Clemencies: Celebrities, Chaos, And Lost Opportunity, Mark Osler
The Trump Clemencies: Celebrities, Chaos, And Lost Opportunity, Mark Osler
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
The presidency of Donald Trump may have produced the most chaotic use of the constitutional pardon power in American history. Trump granted clemency to war criminals, to close friends, to celebrities, and to the friends of celebrities, with much of it coming in a mad rush at the end of his single term. Buried beneath this rolling disaster was a brief moment of hope and a lost opportunity: the chance for a restructure of the clemency process in the fall of 2018, enabled by a rare alignment of factors, including Trump’s alienation from the Department of Justice. This Article will …
Inspectors General And The Law Of Oversight Independence, Andrew C. Brunsden
Inspectors General And The Law Of Oversight Independence, Andrew C. Brunsden
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
President Trump’s defiance of basic norms threatened the oversight institutions of American democracy. His brazen assault on the prosecutorial and investigative independence of federal law enforcement was well documented. Yet few have thoroughly scrutinized his violations of the oversight independence of internal institutions that monitor the government to promote integrity, transparency, and accountability. This Article examines the independence of Inspectors General (IGs), the internal watchdogs of the Executive Branch, and the President’s attacks on the institution. President Trump breached long-standing independence norms when he fired or replaced IGs in retaliation for their legitimate exercise of oversight duties. Then, in some …
The President And Individual Rights, Mark Tushnet
The President And Individual Rights, Mark Tushnet
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
No abstract provided.
The Emerging Lessons Of Trump V. Hawaii, Shalini Bhargava Ray
The Emerging Lessons Of Trump V. Hawaii, Shalini Bhargava Ray
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
In the years since the Supreme Court decided Trump v. Hawaii, federal district courts have adjudicated dozens of rights-based challenges to executive action in immigration law. Plaintiffs, including U.S. citizens, civil rights organizations, and immigrants themselves, have alleged violations of the First Amendment and the equal protection component of the Due Process Clause with some regularity based on President Trump’s animus toward immigrants. This Article assesses Hawaii’s impact on these challenges to immigration policy, and it offers two observations. First, Hawaii has amplified federal courts’ practice of privileging administrative law claims over constitutional ones. For example, courts considering …
Executive Unilateralism And Individual Rights In A Federalist System, Meredith Mclain, Sharece Thrower
Executive Unilateralism And Individual Rights In A Federalist System, Meredith Mclain, Sharece Thrower
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
Presidents have a wide array of tools at their disposal to unilaterally influence public policy, without the direct approval of Congress or the courts. These unilateral actions have the potential to affect a variety of individual rights, either profitably or adversely. Governors too can employ unilateral directives for similar purposes, often impacting an even wider range of rights. In this Article, we collect all executive orders and memoranda related to individual rights issued between 1981 and 2018 at the federal level, and across the U.S. states, to analyze their use over time. We find that chief executives of all kinds …
The Original Meaning Of The Habeas Corpus Suspension Clause, The Right Of Natural Liberty, And Executive Discretion, John Harrison
The Original Meaning Of The Habeas Corpus Suspension Clause, The Right Of Natural Liberty, And Executive Discretion, John Harrison
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
The Habeas Corpus Suspension Clause of Article I, Section 9, is primarily a limit on Congress’s authority to authorize detention by the executive. It is not mainly concerned with the remedial writ of habeas corpus, but rather with the primary right of natural liberty. Suspensions of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus are statutes that vest very broad discretion in the executive to decide which individuals to hold in custody. Detention of combatants under the law of war need not rest on a valid suspension, whether the combatant is an alien or a citizen of the United States. …
Destructive Federal Decentralization, David Fontana
Destructive Federal Decentralization, David Fontana
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
This Article—written for a symposium hosted by the William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal—focuses on the efforts by the Trump administration to relocate federal officials outside of Washington to reduce the capacity of the federal government. Federalism and the separation of powers are usually the twin pillars of structural constitutional law. Locating federal officials outside of Washington— federal decentralization—has been an additional tool of diffusing power that has started to gain some scholarly attention. These debates largely focus on structural constitutional law as constructive—as improving the capacity and operation of the federal and state governments. The power …
Who Constrains Presidential Exercise Of Delegated Powers?, Rebecca L. Brown
Who Constrains Presidential Exercise Of Delegated Powers?, Rebecca L. Brown
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
Building on the work of administrative law scholars who have identified and illuminated the several components of the problem over the years, this Article will seek to show what has happened when a cluster of separate circumstances have come together to create a new and serious threat to individual liberty when the President exercises expansive delegated authority. Several doctrinal components lead to this confluence: First, the moribund “intelligible principle” test has evolved to provide little or no constraint on this or any other delegation. Second, a delegation to the President, specifically, is not subject to the procedural requirements of the …
Understanding The Spirit Of The Constitution On Corruption: Emoluments, Impeachment, And The Primacy Of Political Virtue, Lea Mano
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
No abstract provided.
Is The "Hire American" Executive Order A Suspect Classification?, Michael H. Leroy
Is The "Hire American" Executive Order A Suspect Classification?, Michael H. Leroy
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
President Trump’s Executive Order 13,788 declares a “Hire American” policy for H-1B visas. This action discriminates against Indians to benefit white American workers. The technology workforce in the United States has 4.6 million jobs. Most employees in this large workforce—about 76%—are U.S.-born. In this domestic segment, 85% of employees are white. Among foreign-born workers (11.6% of all workers), Asians make up 66%, with Indians predominating.
“Hire American” renews a mostly forgotten history of discrimination against Indian workers. The Immigration Act of 1917 enacted an “Asiatic Barred Zone.” Indian immigration was curtailed to 100 annual arrivals. Typical of the period, the …
Legislators On Executive-Branch Boards Are Unconstitutional, Period, Douglas Laycock
Legislators On Executive-Branch Boards Are Unconstitutional, Period, Douglas Laycock
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
Virginia statute makes legislators categorically “ineligible to serve on boards, commissions, and councils within the executive branch of state government who are responsible for administering programs established by the General Assembly.” But with increasing frequency, the General Assembly has enacted exceptions to this policy. There is a general exception for bodies “engaged solely in policy studies or commemorative activities,” and perhaps such bodies need not be in the executive branch at all. But the Assembly has also enacted exceptions for twenty-one specific boards and commissions, many of which clearly have executive authority. This list of exceptions is a miscellany with …
When Influence Encroaches: Statutory Advice In The Administrative State, William C. Hudson
When Influence Encroaches: Statutory Advice In The Administrative State, William C. Hudson
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
This Article revisits the D.C. Circuit’s 1993 decision in FEC v. NRA Political Victory Fund, and concludes that the separation of powers reasoning applied in NRA Political Victory Fund could invalidate other common practices in the administrative state, such as statutory requirements that Executive Branch officers serve on the boards of corporations created and staffed by Congress.
The Architecture Of Constitutional Time, Richard Alexander Izquierdo
The Architecture Of Constitutional Time, Richard Alexander Izquierdo
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
Bruce Ackerman’s account in his We the People series urges the legal recognition of constitutional amendments enacted outside of Article V as part of a larger descriptive project concerning the creation of distinct republics within the Constitution of 1787. One of its limitations is that he and other scholars have not fully appreciated the way in which the original institutional design of the Constitution has facilitated—and perhaps even anticipated—the construction of subregimes during extraordinary times. This Article presents constitutional time and presidential incentives for a lasting legacy as the most important factors influencing constitutional meaning. It is constitutional time—the extraordinary …
Executive Branch Czars, Who Are They? Are They Needed? Can Congress Do Anything About Them?, Jonathan D. Puvak
Executive Branch Czars, Who Are They? Are They Needed? Can Congress Do Anything About Them?, Jonathan D. Puvak
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
No abstract provided.
A Constitutional Anomaly: Safeguarding Confidential National Security Information Within The Enigma That Is The American Vice Presidency, Todd Garvey
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
No abstract provided.
The "Ongoing Criminal Investigation" Constraint: Getting Away With Silence, Luke M. Milligan
The "Ongoing Criminal Investigation" Constraint: Getting Away With Silence, Luke M. Milligan
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
No abstract provided.
Signing Statements And Divided Government, Neal Devins
Signing Statements And Divided Government, Neal Devins
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
No abstract provided.
Introduction: The Last Word? The Constitutional Implications Of Presidential Signing Statements, Charlie Savage
Introduction: The Last Word? The Constitutional Implications Of Presidential Signing Statements, Charlie Savage
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
No abstract provided.
A Matter Of Direction: The Reagan Administration, The Signing Statement, And The 1986 Westlaw Decision, Christopher S. Kelley
A Matter Of Direction: The Reagan Administration, The Signing Statement, And The 1986 Westlaw Decision, Christopher S. Kelley
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
No abstract provided.
The First Word, M. Elizabeth Magill
The First Word, M. Elizabeth Magill
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
No abstract provided.
The On/Off Switch, Philip Heymann
The On/Off Switch, Philip Heymann
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
No abstract provided.
Why The President Must Veto Unconstitutional Bills, Saikrishna B. Prakash
Why The President Must Veto Unconstitutional Bills, Saikrishna B. Prakash
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
No abstract provided.
Presidential Signing Statements In Perspective, Nelson Lund
Presidential Signing Statements In Perspective, Nelson Lund
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
No abstract provided.
The Unconstitutionality Of "Signing And Not-Enforcing", Michael B. Rappaport
The Unconstitutionality Of "Signing And Not-Enforcing", Michael B. Rappaport
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
No abstract provided.
Litigating Presidential Signing Statements, Michele Estrin Gilman
Litigating Presidential Signing Statements, Michele Estrin Gilman
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
No abstract provided.
Presidential Signing Statements And Congressional Oversight, A. Christopher Bryant
Presidential Signing Statements And Congressional Oversight, A. Christopher Bryant
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
No abstract provided.
Signing Statements: Constitutional And Practical Limits, Louis Fisher
Signing Statements: Constitutional And Practical Limits, Louis Fisher
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
No abstract provided.
Fee Shifting As A Congressional Response To Adventurous Presidential Signing Statements, Harold J. Krent
Fee Shifting As A Congressional Response To Adventurous Presidential Signing Statements, Harold J. Krent
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
No abstract provided.
Signing Statements And Statutory Interpretation In The Bush Administration, Neil Kinkopf
Signing Statements And Statutory Interpretation In The Bush Administration, Neil Kinkopf
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
No abstract provided.
The Presidential Signing Statements Controversy, Ronald A. Cass, Peter L. Strauss
The Presidential Signing Statements Controversy, Ronald A. Cass, Peter L. Strauss
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
No abstract provided.