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Articles 1 - 30 of 42
Full-Text Articles in Evidence
Abid V. Abid, 133 Nev. Adv. Op. 94 (Dec. 7, 2017) (En Banc), Carmen Gilbert
Abid V. Abid, 133 Nev. Adv. Op. 94 (Dec. 7, 2017) (En Banc), Carmen Gilbert
Nevada Supreme Court Summaries
The Court held that the district court properly exercised its discretion in allowing illegally recorded conversations to be used by a court appointed child psychologist to evaluate a child’s welfare in a custody case.
Petition For A Writ Of Certiorari. Kirk V. Invesco, Limited, 138 S.Ct. 1164 (2018) (No. 17-762), 2017 U.S. S. Ct. Briefs Lexis 4618, 2017 Wl 5665441, Eric Schnapper, Nitin Sud
Petition For A Writ Of Certiorari. Kirk V. Invesco, Limited, 138 S.Ct. 1164 (2018) (No. 17-762), 2017 U.S. S. Ct. Briefs Lexis 4618, 2017 Wl 5665441, Eric Schnapper, Nitin Sud
Court Briefs
QUESTION PRESENTED The Fair Labor Standards Act provides that covered employees who work more than 40 hours in a week must generally be paid overtime at a rate one and one-half times their regular rate. To assure compliance with that overtime rule, the Act and governing regulations require employers to maintain records of all hours worked by covered employees. If an employer has failed to keep the legally required records, the burden on the employee under Anderson v. Mt. Clemens Pottery Co. is simply to "produce[] sufficient evidence to show the amount and extent of that work as a matter …
You Say Its Your Birthday... But Could You Prove It?, Cynthia Ford
You Say Its Your Birthday... But Could You Prove It?, Cynthia Ford
Faculty Journal Articles & Other Writings
No abstract provided.
Exorcising The Clergy Privilege, Christine P. Bartholomew
Exorcising The Clergy Privilege, Christine P. Bartholomew
Journal Articles
This Article debunks the empirical assumption behind the clergy privilege, the evidentiary rule shielding confidential communications with clergy. For over a century, scholars and the judiciary have assumed generous protection is essential to foster and encourage spiritual relationships. Accepting this premise, all fifty states and the District of Columbia have adopted virtually absolute privilege statutes. To test this assumption, this Article distills data from over 700 decisions — making it the first scholarship to analyze state clergy privilege jurisprudence exhaustively. This review finds a privilege in decline: courts have lost faith in the privilege. More surprisingly, though, so have clergy. …
Avoid These Eleven Common Evidentiary Mistakes, John E. Rumel
Avoid These Eleven Common Evidentiary Mistakes, John E. Rumel
Articles
No abstract provided.
Demystifying Burdens Of Proof And The Effect Of Rebuttable Evidentiary Presumptions In Civil And Criminal Trials, Paul F. Rothstein
Demystifying Burdens Of Proof And The Effect Of Rebuttable Evidentiary Presumptions In Civil And Criminal Trials, Paul F. Rothstein
Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works
Evidentiary presumptions in law act as shortcuts to rigorous proof. By means of an evidentiary presumption, a difficult-to-prove critical fact may be established by proving some other more easily provable subsidiary fact from which the critical fact may be presumed. This accounts for the popularity of these presumptions with trial lawyers.
But the puzzling question has always been, “What effect on the normal processes of trial, does a legal presumption have, especially when there is other evidence pro and con on the presumed fact?” This article aims to shed light on these problems, and to examine the arsenal of tools …
Hearsay And The Confrontation Clause (2017), Lynn Mclain
Hearsay And The Confrontation Clause (2017), Lynn Mclain
All Faculty Scholarship
This material is a part of a lecture delivered at the Maryland Judicial Center on May 11, 2017. It is an update of previous versions available at the following locations:
2016: http://scholarworks.law.ubalt.edu/all_fac/955/
2012: http://scholarworks.law.ubalt.edu/all_fac/924/
The material is a series of flowcharts that explain the nuances of hearsay law and the confrontation clause under Maryland law.
Why New Hampshire Must Update Rape Shield Laws, Amy Vorenberg
Why New Hampshire Must Update Rape Shield Laws, Amy Vorenberg
Law Faculty Scholarship
[Excerpt] “Recent research indicates that New Hampshire has some of the highest rates of sexual assault in the nation; nearly one in four New Hampshire women and one in 20 New Hampshire men will experience sexual assault. Although reporting a crime can be hard for anyone, sexual assault victims have particular reasons for not reporting. After an assault, a rape victim typically feels embarrassment, shame and fears reprisal (most of these crimes are committed by an acquaintance). The deeply personal nature of rape makes it uniquely traumatizing and confusing.”
Manipulation Of Suspects And Unrecorded Questioning, Christopher Slobogin
Manipulation Of Suspects And Unrecorded Questioning, Christopher Slobogin
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
Fifty years after Miranda, courts still do not have clear guidance on the types oftechniques police may use during interrogation. While first-generation tactics (a.k.a. the third degree) are banned, second-generation tactics such as those found in the famous Reid Manual continue to be used by interrogators. The Supreme Court has sent only vague signals as to which of these second- generation techniques, if any, are impermissible, and has made no mention of newly developed third-generation tactics that are much less reliant on manipulation. This Article divides second-generation techniques into four categories: impersonation, rationalization, fabrication, and negotiation. After concluding, based on …
The Miranda Case Fifty Years Later, Yale Kamisar
The Miranda Case Fifty Years Later, Yale Kamisar
Articles
A decade after the Supreme Court decided Miranda v. Arizona, Geoffrey Stone took a close look at the eleven decisions the Court had handed down “concerning the scope and application of Miranda.” As Stone observed, “[i]n ten of these cases, the Court interpreted Miranda so as not to exclude the challenged evidence.” In the eleventh case, the Court excluded the evidence on other grounds. Thus, Stone noted, ten years after the Court decided the case, “the Court ha[d] not held a single item of evidence inadmissible on the authority of Miranda.” Not a single item. To use …
Error Costs, Legal Standards Of Proof And Statistical Significance, Michelle Burtis, Jonah B. Gelbach, Bruce H. Kobayashi
Error Costs, Legal Standards Of Proof And Statistical Significance, Michelle Burtis, Jonah B. Gelbach, Bruce H. Kobayashi
All Faculty Scholarship
The relationship between legal standards of proof and thresholds of statistical significance is a well-known and studied phenomena in the academic literature. Moreover, the distinction between the two has been recognized in law. For example, in Matrix v. Siracusano, the Court unanimously rejected the petitioner’s argument that the issue of materiality in a securities class action can be defined by the presence or absence of a statistically significant effect. However, in other contexts, thresholds based on fixed significance levels imported from academic settings continue to be used as a legal standard of proof. Our positive analysis demonstrates how a …
Utah V. Strieff: The Gratuitous Expansion Of The Attenuation Doctrine, Courtney Watkins
Utah V. Strieff: The Gratuitous Expansion Of The Attenuation Doctrine, Courtney Watkins
Maryland Law Review Online
No abstract provided.
Neuroscience In Forensic Contexts: Ethical Concerns, Stephen J. Morse
Neuroscience In Forensic Contexts: Ethical Concerns, Stephen J. Morse
All Faculty Scholarship
This is a chapter in a volume, Ethics Challenges in Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology Practice, edited by Ezra E. H. Griffith, M.D. and to be published by Columbia University Press. The chapter addresses whether the use of new neuroscience techniques, especially non-invasive functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and the data from studies employing them raise new ethical issues for forensic psychiatrists and psychologists. The implicit thesis throughout is that if the legal questions, the limits of the new techniques and the relevance of neuroscience to law are properly understood, no new ethical issues are raised. A major ethical lapse …
Reflections On Motion Picture Evidence, Brian L. Frye
Reflections On Motion Picture Evidence, Brian L. Frye
Law Faculty Scholarly Articles
Courts have long admitted motion pictures as evidence. But until recently, making motion pictures was expensive and cumbersome. Today, making motion pictures is cheap and easy. And as a result, people make so many of them. As Cocteau predicted, the democratization of motion pictures has enabled people to create new forms of motion picture art. But it has also enabled people to create new forms of motion picture evidence. This article offers a brief history of motion picture evidence in the United States, and reflects on the use of motion picture evidence by the Supreme Court.
Brief Of The Ethics Bureau At Yale Law School Et Al. As Amici Curiae Supporting Petitioner, Office Of The Public Defender V. Lakicevic, 215 So.3d 112 (2017) (No. 16- 1371)., Janet Moore
Faculty Articles and Other Publications
The vigilant defense of the attorney-client privilege by the courts is critical to preserving the integrity of the lawyer-client relationship. Accordingly, the Appellees’ attempt here to secure the client information from the client’s lawyer must be rejected with the same ardor as if the Appellees sought to swashbuckler through the lawyer’s entire file. If the principle that lawyer-client communications are sacrosanct were compromised in this case, the lessons from such a decision would eviscerate the attorney-client privilege in its entirety. Amici hope that their analysis will provide the Court with all of the constitutional, legal and practical reasons it needs …
Protein Found At The Scene Of The Crime: The Potential For Using Proteomics For Identification, Gavin R. Tisdale
Protein Found At The Scene Of The Crime: The Potential For Using Proteomics For Identification, Gavin R. Tisdale
Dissertations and Honors Papers
Hair has long been collected from crime scenes as part of trace evidence. Originally, hair was used for some exclusionary purposes—only general qualities about an unknown source could be determined. Eventually, DNA was used to help identify the source but only if the root was still attached. Within the last two years, however, two major studies have used proteomics—the study of human protein sequences—to extract and identify protein sequences in an unknown source in order to match it to a known source. These two studies support the same hypothesis: proteomics is currently a viable method for narrowing down the source …
An Evidentiary Oddity: “Careful Habit” – Does The Law Of Evidence Embrace This Archaic/Modern Concept?, 43 Ohio N.U. L. Rev. 293 (2017), Marc Ginsberg
An Evidentiary Oddity: “Careful Habit” – Does The Law Of Evidence Embrace This Archaic/Modern Concept?, 43 Ohio N.U. L. Rev. 293 (2017), Marc Ginsberg
UIC Law Open Access Faculty Scholarship
The concept of the “careful habit”[i] is intriguing. The law of evidence vigorously distinguishes between character evidence (largely inadmissible)[ii] and habit evidence (presumptively admissible).[iii] Character is understood as a propensity to act in a certain fashion[iv]—a person’s disposition. Habit is understood as non-volitional, repetitive specific conduct, in response to stimuli, over a rather lengthy period of time.[v] “Carefulness” is known by the law as a character trait.[vi] Carefulness should not be confused with habit, yet this confusion has occurred in multiple jurisdictions, many years ago and recently. This paper seeks to explore the …
What Do I Do With The Porn On My Computer: How A Lawyer Should Counsel Clients About Physical Evidence, Rodney J. Uphoff, Peter A. Joy
What Do I Do With The Porn On My Computer: How A Lawyer Should Counsel Clients About Physical Evidence, Rodney J. Uphoff, Peter A. Joy
Faculty Publications
For years, criminal defense lawyers and commentators have wrestled with thorny ethical and legal issues surrounding defense counsel's obligations with respect to handling items of physical evidence. Commentators have usually focused on the question of whether the lawyer should take possession of physical evidence of a crime as well as on counsel's obligations and options once the lawyer purposively or inadvertently comes into possession of such evidence. After discussing what the ethics rules and the law require concerning handling physical evidence, commentators have generally cautioned lawyers not to take possession of suspected contraband or possible evidence of a crime, except …
Notice And Standing In The Fourth Amendment: Searches Of Personal Data, Jennifer Daskal
Notice And Standing In The Fourth Amendment: Searches Of Personal Data, Jennifer Daskal
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
In at least two recent cases, courts have rejected service providers' capacity to raise Fourth Amendment claims on behalf of their customers. These holdings rely on longstanding Supreme Court doctrine establishing a general rule against third parties asserting the Fourth Amendment rights of others. However, there is a key difference between these two recent cases and those cases on which the doctrine rests. The relevant Supreme Court doctrine stems from situations in which someone could take action to raise the Fourth Amendment claim, even if the particular thirdparty litigant could not. In the situations presented by the recent cases, by …
Illegal Stops And The Exclusionary Rule: The Consequences Of Utah V. Strieff, Emily Sack
Illegal Stops And The Exclusionary Rule: The Consequences Of Utah V. Strieff, Emily Sack
Law Faculty Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Electoral Evidence, Peter Nicolas
Electoral Evidence, Peter Nicolas
Articles
Each year, millions of Americans cast votes for specific candidates or on specific ballot measures. Each such vote generates potential "electoral evidence," the admissibility of which may be the subject of dispute in subsequent litigation. The evidence may take various forms, including the marked ballot itself, a voter's testimony regarding her vote, or her written or oral statements regarding her vote.
Electoral evidence is most commonly offered in litigation over the election outcome itself, with the parties seeking to determine how certain individuals voted to resolve a close election. However, its potential relevance is not limited to such proceedings. It …
Grave Crimes And Weak Evidence: Fact-Finding Evolution In International Criminal Law, Nancy Amoury Combs
Grave Crimes And Weak Evidence: Fact-Finding Evolution In International Criminal Law, Nancy Amoury Combs
Faculty Publications
International criminal courts carry out some of the most important work that a legal system can conduct: prosecuting those who have visited death and destruction on millions. Despite the significance of their work--or perhaps because of it--international courts face tremendous challenges. Chief among them is accurate fact-finding. With alarming regularity, international criminal trials feature inconsistent, vague, and sometimes false testimony that renders judges unable to assess with any measure of certainty who did what to whom in the context of a mass atrocity. This Article provides the first-ever empirical study quantifying fact-finding in an international criminal court. The study shines …
Skills & Values: Discovery Practice, David I.C. Thomson
Skills & Values: Discovery Practice, David I.C. Thomson
Sturm College of Law: Faculty Scholarship
Skills & Values: Discovery Practice, Third Edition, is designed to serve as an introduction to the practical application of the discovery rules. The book introduces each discovery topic briefly and then provides a context and structure for exercises and self-study. Skills & Values: Discovery Practice can be used by a professor teaching a full pre-trial course, or one focused just on discovery law. It can be used alone or in conjunction with another pre-trial text, and it can be used with the problem set provided in the appendix or with a professor's own problem set. It also can be …
Who Should Own Police Body Camera Videos?, Laurent Sacharoff, Sarah Lustbader
Who Should Own Police Body Camera Videos?, Laurent Sacharoff, Sarah Lustbader
Sturm College of Law: Faculty Scholarship
Numerous cities, states, and localities have adopted police body camera programs to enhance police accountability in the wake of repeated instances of police misconduct, as well as recent reports of more deep-seated police problems. These body camera programs hold great promise to achieve accountability, often backed by millions of dollars of federal grants.
But so far, this promise of accountability has gone largely unrealized, in part because police departments exercise near-total control over body camera programs and the videos themselves. In fact, the police view these programs chiefly as a tool of ordinary law enforcement rather than accountability — as …
Examination Of Witnesses In Criminal Cases, Hannah Steeves
Examination Of Witnesses In Criminal Cases, Hannah Steeves
Articles, Book Chapters, & Popular Press
The newest edition of Examination of Witnesses in Criminal Cases maintains its status as a key text on the topic. Author Earl J Levy, a national leader in the area of criminal law, has worked with the Criminal Lawyers’ Association, taught criminal law courses at various Canadian law schools, and has over 50 years experience as a litigator. The book, now in its seventh edition, contains necessary updates, and improvements have been made to both format and content while maintaining a similar, logical overview as in previous editions.
Exemplary And Exceptional Confusion Under The Federal Rules Of Evidence, Dora W. Klein
Exemplary And Exceptional Confusion Under The Federal Rules Of Evidence, Dora W. Klein
Faculty Articles
This Article proposes that the final provisions of Rule 407 and 411, which provide a list of examples of permitted purposes for which a court may admit evidence, are asking for trouble--specifically, the trouble that courts will interpret the list not as examples, but as a specially enumerated, exhaustive list of exceptions.
The Wrong Decision At The Wrong Time: Utah V. Strieff In The Era Of Aggressive Policing, Julian A. Cook
The Wrong Decision At The Wrong Time: Utah V. Strieff In The Era Of Aggressive Policing, Julian A. Cook
Scholarly Works
On June 20, 2016, the United States Supreme Court held in Utah v. Strieff that evidence discovered incident to an unconstitutional arrest of an individual should not be suppressed given that the subsequent discovery of an outstanding warrant attenuated the taint from the unlawful detention. Approximately two weeks later the issue of aggressive policing was again thrust into the national spotlight when two African-American individuals — Alton Sterling and Philando Castile — were killed by policemen in Baton Rouge, Louisiana and Falcon Heights, Minnesota, respectively, under questionable circumstances. Though connected by proximity in time, this article will demonstrate that these …
"Make Him An Offer He Can't Refuse"-- Mezzanatto Waivers As Lynchpin Of Prosecutorial Overreach, Christopher B. Mueller
"Make Him An Offer He Can't Refuse"-- Mezzanatto Waivers As Lynchpin Of Prosecutorial Overreach, Christopher B. Mueller
Publications
Plea bargaining is the dominant means of disposing of criminal charges in the United States, in both state and federal courts. This administrative mechanism has become a system that is grossly abusive of individual rights, leading to many well-known maladies of the criminal justice system, which include overcharging, overincarceration, convictions on charges that would likely fail at trial, and even conviction of “factually innocent” persons. Instrumental in the abuses of plea bargaining is the so-called Mezzanatto waiver, which takes its name from a 1995 Supreme Court decision that approved the practice of getting defendants to agree that anything they say …
The Triangle Of Law And The Role Of Evidence In Class Action Litigation, Jonah B. Gelbach
The Triangle Of Law And The Role Of Evidence In Class Action Litigation, Jonah B. Gelbach
All Faculty Scholarship
In Tyson Foods v. Bouaphakeo, a "donning and doffing" case brought under Iowa state law incorporating the Fair Labor Standards Act's overtime pay provisions, the petitioners asked the Supreme Court to reject the use of statistical evidence in Rule 23(b)(3) class certification. To its great credit, the Court refused. In its majority opinion, the Court cited both the Federal Rules of Evidence and federal common law interpreting the FLSA. In this paper, I take a moderately deep dive into the facts of the case, and the three opinions penned by Justice Kennedy (for the Court), Chief Justice Roberts (in …
Just And Speedy: On Civil Discovery Sanctions For Luddite Lawyers, Michael Thomas Murphy
Just And Speedy: On Civil Discovery Sanctions For Luddite Lawyers, Michael Thomas Murphy
All Faculty Scholarship
This article presents a theoretical model by which a judge could impose civil sanctions on an attorney - relying in part on Rule 1 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure - for that attorney’s failure to utilize time- and expense-saving technology.
Rule 1 now charges all participants in the legal system to ensure the “just, speedy and inexpensive” resolution of disputes. In today’s litigation environment, a lawyer managing a case in discovery needs robust technological competence to meet that charge. However, the legal industry is slow to adopt technology, favoring “tried and true” methods over efficiency. This conflict is …