Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Education Law (58)
- Civil Rights and Discrimination (28)
- Administrative Law (18)
- Education (14)
- Disability and Equity in Education (13)
-
- Juvenile Law (11)
- Legislation (8)
- Special Education and Teaching (7)
- Educational Administration and Supervision (6)
- Legal Remedies (6)
- Dispute Resolution and Arbitration (5)
- Special Education Administration (5)
- Elementary and Middle and Secondary Education Administration (4)
- Health Law and Policy (4)
- Law and Society (4)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (4)
- Constitutional Law (3)
- Courts (3)
- Accessibility (2)
- Civil Procedure (2)
- Criminal Law (2)
- Disability Studies (2)
- Elementary Education (2)
- Litigation (2)
- Other Law (2)
- Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration (2)
- Curriculum and Instruction (1)
- Educational Leadership (1)
- Institution
-
- Pepperdine University (17)
- DePaul University (7)
- Touro University Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law Center (6)
- New York Law School (3)
- Selected Works (3)
-
- University of Michigan Law School (3)
- University of Richmond (3)
- American University Washington College of Law (2)
- The University of Akron (2)
- University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law (2)
- University of South Carolina (2)
- Abilene Christian University (1)
- Columbia Law School (1)
- Georgetown University Law Center (1)
- Golden Gate University School of Law (1)
- Marquette University Law School (1)
- Maurer School of Law: Indiana University (1)
- Northwestern Pritzker School of Law (1)
- Pace University (1)
- SelectedWorks (1)
- St. Mary's University (1)
- The University of Maine (1)
- University of Arkansas at Little Rock William H. Bowen School of Law (1)
- University of Denver (1)
- University of Kentucky (1)
- University of Massachusetts Boston (1)
- University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School (1)
- Utah State University (1)
- Publication Year
- Publication
-
- Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary (15)
- Touro Law Review (5)
- Mark C. Weber (4)
- College of Law Faculty (3)
- Robert A. Garda (3)
-
- American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law (2)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (2)
- Faculty Publications (2)
- Journal of Health Care Law and Policy (2)
- Law Student Publications (2)
- NYLS Law Review (2)
- Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal (2)
- Akron Law Faculty Publications (1)
- All Faculty Scholarship (1)
- Articles (1)
- Articles & Chapters (1)
- Christopher J. Walker (1)
- Developmental Disabilities Network Journal (1)
- Education (1)
- Elizabeth Shaver (1)
- Faculty Scholarship (1)
- Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works (1)
- Indiana Law Journal (1)
- Law Faculty Scholarly Articles (1)
- Law Librarian Scholarship (1)
- Marquette Benefits and Social Welfare Law Review (1)
- Northwestern University Law Review (1)
- Pace Law Review (1)
- Publications (1)
- Scholarly Works (1)
- Publication Type
Articles 1 - 30 of 67
Full-Text Articles in Disability Law
Differential Access Of Young Children Of Immigrants To Special Education In Massachusetts, Cady Landa
Differential Access Of Young Children Of Immigrants To Special Education In Massachusetts, Cady Landa
Developmental Disabilities Network Journal
Accessing services for children with special needs is complex and challenging for even U.S.-born parents. Is it even more difficult for immigrant parents, and what are the consequences for their children? This article reports on a mixed methods approach to examining the access of immigrants’ children to special education and inclusive placement. A multivariate analysis of Massachusetts education data finds that children of immigrants are significantly less likely than children of U.S.-born parents to participate in special education. It also finds that among children who do participate in special education, children of immigrants are more likely to be in substantially …
The Proactive Model: How To Better Protect The Right To Special Education For Incarcerated Youth, John Bignotti
The Proactive Model: How To Better Protect The Right To Special Education For Incarcerated Youth, John Bignotti
Indiana Law Journal
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) guarantees access to a specialized, appropriate public education for youth with disabilities in the United States. While progress has been made and this right to education extends to incarcerated youth as well as those outside the juvenile justice system, there is nonetheless a fundamental limitation on how this federal requirement is imposed in the carceral context: it is enforced through primarily reactive mechanisms. Lawsuits, state compliance regimes, and consent decrees can hold states and juvenile facilities accountable after systemic failures to comply with the IDEA; however, the inherent inconsistency and slow pace of …
Everything Is Bigger In Texas: Including The Horrendously Inadequate Attempts At Providing Special Education And Related Services To All Children With Disabilities, Alexandria R. Booterbaugh
Everything Is Bigger In Texas: Including The Horrendously Inadequate Attempts At Providing Special Education And Related Services To All Children With Disabilities, Alexandria R. Booterbaugh
The Scholar: St. Mary's Law Review on Race and Social Justice
Without immediate action, the “corrections” made by the Texas legislature to meet the appropriateness requirement for special education will result in imminent peril for students with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as well as their parents. Tens of thousands of children fall between the cracks as a result of Texas’ illegalities and the lack of responsibility Texas’ lawmakers and Texas Education Agency (TEA) have for special education. If Texas does not fully devote itself to a significant overhaul of its special education practices, students will continue to be left behind.
Congress enacted the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) because …
State Laws For Due Process Hearings Under The Individuals With Disabilities Education Act Iv: Expedited Hearings, Andrew M.I. Lee, Perry A. Zirkel
State Laws For Due Process Hearings Under The Individuals With Disabilities Education Act Iv: Expedited Hearings, Andrew M.I. Lee, Perry A. Zirkel
Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary
This article is a follow-up to a triad of analyses of state law additions to the basic requirements of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) for due process hearings (DPHs). The former three articles covered the pre-hearing, hearing, and post-hearing stages of IDEA DPHs. The present article focuses on expedited DPHs, canvassing state law provisions specific to this more rapid, specialized proceeding in the IDEA. This article covers IDEA foundational requirements for expedited DPHs, and then summarizes and codes the state law provisions that supplement the federal template. Additionally, this article provides a discussion of federal preemption of state …
Evolving Beyond Reasonable Accommodations Towards "Off-Shelf Accessible" Workplaces And Campuses, Karla Gilbride
Evolving Beyond Reasonable Accommodations Towards "Off-Shelf Accessible" Workplaces And Campuses, Karla Gilbride
American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law
One of the hallmarks of the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”), which prohibits discrimination in the workplace on the basis of disability, is that it defines “discrimination” to include “not making reasonable accommodations to the known mental or physical limitations of an otherwise qualified individual with a disability.” This concept of reasonable accommodation was seen as innovative in two ways. It recognized that employers must sometimes take affirmative steps or make adaptations to afford individuals with disabilities an equal opportunity to apply for and perform jobs. And it identified the failure to take such affirmative steps as a type of …
State Laws For Due Process Hearings Under The Individuals With Disabilities Education Act Iii: The Pre-Hearing Stage, Andrew M.I. Lee, Perry A. Zirkel
State Laws For Due Process Hearings Under The Individuals With Disabilities Education Act Iii: The Pre-Hearing Stage, Andrew M.I. Lee, Perry A. Zirkel
Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary
This article is the third in a triad of analyses of state law additions to the basic requirements of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) for due process hearings (DPHs). The first two articles of this series covered the hearing and post-hearing stages of IDEA DPHs. The purpose of this follow-up analysis is to supplement the earlier articles by canvassing state law provisions specific to the pre-hearing stage. After an introduction and overview of the literature, this article covers IDEA foundational requirements for DPHs, and then summarizes and codes the state law provisions that supplement the federal template. As …
Special Education's Lessons For School Funding Litigation, Spencer C. Weiler, Scott R. Bauries
Special Education's Lessons For School Funding Litigation, Spencer C. Weiler, Scott R. Bauries
Law Faculty Scholarly Articles
In this Article, we make the case that the currently dominant approaches to challenging the constitutionality of a state’s funding efforts have proven ineffective. Instead, future lawsuits designed to bring about lasting funding reform should be informed by the successes within the field of special education by asking courts to examine individual-rights claims based on one student, or several similarly-situated individual students, petitioning the court for relief tailored to that student or class. Such an approach to school finance litigation could result in a decision that limits relief to just one application of the entire funding formula, and the remedy …
How Increased Legal Representation Can Close The Gap In Special Education Discrepancies, Todd Carney
How Increased Legal Representation Can Close The Gap In Special Education Discrepancies, Todd Carney
Touro Law Review
This piece looks at how the existing education regime has led to disparities between white and minority students. The paper finds that the disparity gets even worse when special education is factored in. The reason so many low-income and minority students with disabilities receive such a poor education is that they do not have the proper legal representation to demand the rights that they are guaran- teed under US law. This paper looks at how low-income and minority families have been cheated out of proper legal representation in other areas and how receiving the necessary legal representation can lead to …
Because I Said So: The (Re)Production Of White, Ableist Narratives Through Legal Discourse In Endrew F. V. Douglas County Re-1, Stephen F. Fusco
Because I Said So: The (Re)Production Of White, Ableist Narratives Through Legal Discourse In Endrew F. V. Douglas County Re-1, Stephen F. Fusco
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
As families and advocates of students of color labeled with dis/abilities face mounting inequities they turn to the courts seeking protection. Unfortunately, even after courts issue written decisions ostensibly designed to protect students labeled dis/abled, these students continue to experience systematic oppression in school. This is due, in part, to the discourse used by the courts when addressing issues affecting students labeled dis/abled and the elitism of the judicial system. The purpose of this study was to examine the legal discourse used in the most recent Supreme Court case concerning the education of students labeled dis/abled, Endrew F. v. Douglas …
Perceptions Of Special Education Supports By School Administrators, Eric P. Oxford
Perceptions Of Special Education Supports By School Administrators, Eric P. Oxford
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This research study analyzed the perceptions of special education supports by school administrators. Specifically, this research discussed comparative findings of perceptions of special education supports between building principals and building-based special education team chairpersons in one Massachusetts public school district. The findings are grounded in the district’s inclusive philosophy and its capability to ensure that all students are provided educational opportunities in the least restrictive educational environment. The problem studied was that many students with disabilities who are unable to find academic success within an inclusive academic environment are typically transitioned into a more restrictive—or substantially separate—alternative education setting. It …
Covid-19 And Individuals With Developmental Disabilities: Tragic Realities And Cautious Hope, Samuel J. Levine
Covid-19 And Individuals With Developmental Disabilities: Tragic Realities And Cautious Hope, Samuel J. Levine
Scholarly Works
The COVID-19 pandemic has cast the United States, along with the rest of the world, into a time of crisis and uncertainty unlike any other in recent memory. Months into the pandemic, there is scant agreement among scientists, government officials, and large segments of the public, both domestic and abroad, as to determining the causes and workings of the virus, designing appropriate and effective responses to the outbreak, and constructing accurate assessments of the future—or even of the present. Indeed, the availability of concrete information about the virus and its effects is grossly inadequate and often replaced by anecdotal or …
Resources For Special Education Advocacy, Virginia A. Neisler
Resources For Special Education Advocacy, Virginia A. Neisler
Law Librarian Scholarship
The CDC reports that approximately 1 in 6 children in the United States has a developmental disability.1 Certain types of developmental disabilities are becoming rapidly more prevalent, with autism spectrum disorder affecting 1 in 59 children in 2014 (as compared to 1 in 150 as recently as 2002).2 From 1997 to 2008, all incidences of developmental disabilities in children in the United States increased in prevalence by more than 17 percent.3 This represents a significant part of our population and in recent decades has given rise to a complex system of legal rights and protections for developmentally disabled children that …
Impartial Hearings Under The Idea: Legal Issues And Answers, Perry A. Zirkel
Impartial Hearings Under The Idea: Legal Issues And Answers, Perry A. Zirkel
Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary
No abstract provided.
Coerced Choice: School Vouchers And Students With Disabilities, Claire Raj
Coerced Choice: School Vouchers And Students With Disabilities, Claire Raj
Faculty Publications
The landscape of public education, once thought to be a core function of the state, is shifting towards privatization. The appointment of Betsy DeVos as U.S. Secretary of Education further cements this shift. In particular, DeVos intends to vastly expand the availability of vouchers and tax credits that use public dollars to fund private school tuition. The debate over this expansion and its impact on traditional public schools has been polarizing and combative. Thus far, commentators have framed vouchers as purely matters of choice and increased educational opportunities. Drowned out in the debate are the voices of students with disabilities. …
Preschool And Lead Exposed Kids: The Idea Just Isn’T Good Enough, Karen Syma Czapanskiy
Preschool And Lead Exposed Kids: The Idea Just Isn’T Good Enough, Karen Syma Czapanskiy
Touro Law Review
No abstract provided.
Every Student Succeeds Act: Are Schools Making Sure Every Student Succeeds?, Laura Adler-Greene
Every Student Succeeds Act: Are Schools Making Sure Every Student Succeeds?, Laura Adler-Greene
Touro Law Review
No abstract provided.
Endrew F. Clairvoyance, Mark C. Weber
The Least Restrictive Environment For Providing Education, Treatment, And Community Services For Persons With Disabilities: Rethinking The Concept, Donald H. Stone
The Least Restrictive Environment For Providing Education, Treatment, And Community Services For Persons With Disabilities: Rethinking The Concept, Donald H. Stone
Touro Law Review
No abstract provided.
Is That Appropriate?: Clarifying The Idea's Free Appropriate Public Education Standard Post-Endrew F., Josh Cowin
Is That Appropriate?: Clarifying The Idea's Free Appropriate Public Education Standard Post-Endrew F., Josh Cowin
Northwestern University Law Review
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) requires schools to provide all students who qualify for special education services with a free appropriate public education (FAPE). However, the IDEA does not specify how much substantive educational benefit students must be afforded in order to receive a FAPE, leaving this question for the courts. For over thirty years, courts split over the amount of educational benefit that school districts must provide to their special education students, leading to significant confusion and anxiety among parents and school officials regarding their legal rights. The Supreme Court sought to clarify this standard in Endrew …
Lessons Learned From Texas' Special Education Cap, Raj Salhotra
Lessons Learned From Texas' Special Education Cap, Raj Salhotra
Marquette Benefits and Social Welfare Law Review
No abstract provided.
Of Mouseholes And Elephants: The Statute Oflimitations For Impartial Hearings Under Theindividuals With Disabilities Education Act, Perry A. Zirkel
Of Mouseholes And Elephants: The Statute Oflimitations For Impartial Hearings Under Theindividuals With Disabilities Education Act, Perry A. Zirkel
Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary
The purpose of this article, in light of the practical significance and the limited literature addressing the IDEA’s hearing level SOL, is to provide a current and concise overview of the case law addressing this specific issue. Part I provides the basic nature and purpose of SOL generally, and specifically how SOL applies to the IDEA’s impartial hearings. Parts II–IV addresses the elements of the SOL statutory provisions in terms of the triggering date, the exceptions, and the duration and effect of the SOL, including the importance of G.L. v. Ligonier Valley School District Authority. Part V provides practice pointers …
Has The Supreme Court’S Schaffer Decision Placed Aburden On Hearing Officer Decision-Making Under Theidea?, Cathy A. Skidmore, Perry A. Zirkel
Has The Supreme Court’S Schaffer Decision Placed Aburden On Hearing Officer Decision-Making Under Theidea?, Cathy A. Skidmore, Perry A. Zirkel
Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary
This article provides a systematic examination of the BOP in hearing officer decisions both before and after Schaffer. Part II examines the legal basis for the BOP both before and after the U.S. Supreme Court decision, resulting in the questions for this study. Part III explains the method used to collect and analyze the data, and Part IV presents the results that answer the specific research questions. Part V discusses those results and the implications of the findings for special education dispute resolution and provides recommendations for further study.
From Mainstreaming To Marginalization? Idea's De Facto Segregation Consequences And Prospects For Restoring Equity In Special Education, Kerrigan O'Malley
From Mainstreaming To Marginalization? Idea's De Facto Segregation Consequences And Prospects For Restoring Equity In Special Education, Kerrigan O'Malley
Law Student Publications
As a basic construct for recommending measures to correct the prevailing inequities in special education, this comment examines the de facto segregation impact IDEA stemming from the Supreme Court's interpretive rulings and from the Act's own enforcement norms. The analysis further identifies the equality compromising consequences of specific IDEA provisions and considers prospects for restoring equity to special needs service delivery in these areas, with a particular focus on tuition reimbursement for private school. Respecting the historical alignment of the law of race discrimination in education and the law of disability education rights, the analysis identifies inequities that prevail at …
From Mainstreaming To Marginalization?--Idea's De Facto Segregation Consequences And Prospects For Restoring Equity In Special Education, Kerrigan O'Malley
From Mainstreaming To Marginalization?--Idea's De Facto Segregation Consequences And Prospects For Restoring Equity In Special Education, Kerrigan O'Malley
University of Richmond Law Review
Part I of this comment provides an overview of IDEA provisions and implementation regulations followed by a review of judicial interpretations in landmark IDEA service delivery cases, specifically the Supreme Court's Rowley ruling. Drawing upon both le-gal and educational scholarship, this analysis then assesses how IDEA's aspirational equality goals ultimately devolved into de facto segregation in special education. Part II considers factors resulting from the Supreme Court's tuition reimbursement rulings that trend away from IDEA's original equality purpose and integration preference to compromise equality in four ways: creating a means-based bias in private school placement; undermining IDEA's cooperative paradigm and …
The Dimming Light Of The Idea: The Need To Reevaluate The Definition Of A Free Appropriate Public Education, Sarah Lusk
The Dimming Light Of The Idea: The Need To Reevaluate The Definition Of A Free Appropriate Public Education, Sarah Lusk
Pace Law Review
This paper has five parts. Part I examines Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (“IDEA”), explains the definition of a free appropriate public education (“FAPE”), and explores IDEA’s protections for special-education students facing school discipline. Part II discusses the Supreme Court’s interpretation of IDEA and FAPE, as well as how lower courts have interpreted IDEA. Part III focuses on how schools implement IDEA and treat special-education students. Part IV explores the disproportionate effects of school suspension on disabled students and explains the negative impacts, such as the Pipeline. Part V argues that Congress and the Supreme Court must reevaluate what constitutes …
An Idea For Special Education: Why The Idea Should Have Primacy Over The Ada In Adjudicating Education Claims For Students With Disabilities, Angela Estrella-Lemus
An Idea For Special Education: Why The Idea Should Have Primacy Over The Ada In Adjudicating Education Claims For Students With Disabilities, Angela Estrella-Lemus
Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary
No abstract provided.
Accidentally On Purpose: Intent In Disability Discrimination Law, Mark Weber
Accidentally On Purpose: Intent In Disability Discrimination Law, Mark Weber
College of Law Faculty
American disability discrimination laws contain few intent requirements. Yet courts frequently demand showings of intent in disability discrimination lawsuits. Intent requirements arose almost by accident: through a false statutory analogy; by repetition of obsolete judicial language; and by doctrine developed to avoid a nonexistent conflict with another law. Demanding that section 504 and Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”) claimants show intent imposes a burden not found in those statutes or their interpretive regulations. This Article provides reasons not to impose intent requirements for liability or monetary relief in section 504 and ADA cases concerning reasonable accommodations. It demonstrates that no …
Every Day Counts: Proposals To Reform The Idea's Due Process Structure, Elizabeth Shaver
Every Day Counts: Proposals To Reform The Idea's Due Process Structure, Elizabeth Shaver
Akron Law Faculty Publications
It is a core principle of special education legislation that the parents of children with disabilities can challenge the child’s educational programming through an administrative due process hearing. Yet, for years the special education due process structure has been criticized as inefficient, anti-collaborative, and prohibitively expensive. Those criticisms have given rise to widely varying proposals to reform special education due process, proposals that range from adding certain alternative dispute resolution mechanisms to a wholesale replacement of the due process structure. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of special education dispute resolution. The article first examines the lively debate among scholars …
Accidentally On Purpose: Intent In Disability Discrimination Law, Mark C. Weber
Accidentally On Purpose: Intent In Disability Discrimination Law, Mark C. Weber
Mark C. Weber
American disability discrimination laws contain few intent requirements. Yet courts frequently demand showings of intent in disability discrimination lawsuits. Intent requirements arose almost by accident: through a false statutory analogy; by repetition of obsolete judicial language; and by doctrine developed to avoid a nonexistent conflict with another law. Demanding that section 504 and Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”) claimants show intent imposes a burden not found in those statutes or their interpretive regulations. This Article provides reasons not to impose intent requirements for liability or monetary relief in section 504 and ADA cases concerning reasonable accommodations. It demonstrates that no …
Processing Disability, Jasmine E. Harris
Processing Disability, Jasmine E. Harris
All Faculty Scholarship
This Article argues that the practice of holding so many adjudicative proceedings related to disability in private settings (e.g., guardianship, special education due process, civil commitment, and social security) relative to our strong normative presumption of public access to adjudication may cultivate and perpetuate stigma in contravention of the goals of inclusion and enhanced agency set forth in antidiscrimination laws. Descriptively, the law has a complicated history with disability — initially rendering disability invisible, later, legitimizing particular narratives of disability synonymous with incapacity, and, in recent history, advancing full socio-economic visibility of people with disabilities. The Americans with Disabilities Act, …