Law Commons^™

Extraterritorial Criminal Jurisdiction And The Rule Of Law, Danielle Ireland-Piper

Danielle Ireland-Piper

Nations states are demonstrating an increased willingness to assert jurisdiction over conduct occurring extraterritorially. This paper considers why that may be the case, and seeks to examine the extent to which assertions of extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction are consistent with the rule of law. Case studies of assertions of extraterritorial jurisdiction are presented and analysed using five principles as benchmarks. To that end, the rule of law is taken to refer to the following five principles: 1) The law must be both readily known and available, and certain and clear; 2) The law should be applied to all people equally, and …

Prosecutions Of Extraterritorial Criminal Conduct And The Abuse Of Rights Doctrine, Danielle Ireland-Piper

Danielle Ireland-Piper

Under international law, states can in certain circumstances institute domestic prosecutions over conduct occurring extraterritorially. Such exercises of extraterritorial jurisdiction sit at the crossroads of domestic and international law and can be highly controversial. This paper considers whether the abuse of rights doctrine is useful in regulating assertions of extraterritorial criminal jurisdiction. Part I introduces the principles of extraterritorial jurisdiction under international law. Part II provides examples of some of the problems that can arise in domestic prosecutions of extraterritorial criminal conduct, compromising the ability of an individual to enjoy a fair trial. Part III considers the effectiveness of the …

Cases For Lecture 5; Private International Law And The Internet, Macerata 15 April 2015, Ulf Maunsbach

Ulf Maunsbach

No abstract provided.

Modalities For Advancing Cross-Sectoral Cooperation In Managing Marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction, Kristina Gjerde, Jeff Ardron, Sarah Gotheil, Quentin Hanich, Francois Simard, Robin Warner, Patricio Bernal, Serge Garcia, Jihyun Lee, Michael Lodge, Imen Meliane, Jake Rice, Jessica Sanders

Quentin Hanich

[extract] Introduction 1. This report provides information and advice to the Secretariats and Member States of Regional Seas Conventions & Action Plans (RSCAPs) on modalities for advancing crosssectoral cooperation to progress internationally agreed conservation and sustainable use goals in marine areas beyond national jurisdiction.

California Egg Toss - The High Costs Of Avoiding Unenforceable Surrogacy Contracts, Jennifer Jackson

Jennifer Jackson

In an emotionally charged decision regarding surrogacy contracts, it is important to recognize the ramifications, costs, and policy. There are advantages to both “gestational carrier surrogacy” contracts and “traditional surrogacy” contracts. However, this paper focuses on the differences between these contracts using case law. Specifically, this paper will focus on the implications of California case law regarding surrogacy contracts. Cases such as Johnson v. Calvert and In Re Marriage of Moschetta provide a clear distinction between these contracts. This distinction will show that while gestational carrier surrogacy contracts are more expensive, public policy and court opinions will provide certainty and …

Information Society Perspectives On Choice Of Law And Jurisdiction – Party Autonomy In Transition, Ulf Maunsbach

Ulf Maunsbach

No abstract provided.

The Extraterritoriality Of Eu Data Privacy Law - Its Theoretical Justification And Its Practical Effect On U.S. Businesses, Dan Jerker B. Svantesson

Dan Svantesson

Due to its extraterritorial effect, the European Union’s trailblazing data privacy law has long been a major concern for U.S. businesses. With the proposal for a new data privacy framework in the EU, with potential penalties of up to 2% of an offending enterprise’s annual worldwide turnover, such concerns are justified indeed; particularly as the EU at the same time seems to be expanding the extraterritorial reach of its data privacy law.

This article examines the extraterritoriality of current and proposed EU data privacy law and analyses whether those claims of extraterritoriality can be either justified or objected to by …

Class Denied! Go Directly To State Court. Do Not Pass Go, Do Not Collect $200, Kevin Dulaney

Kevin Dulaney

No abstract provided.

The Exercise Of Coastal State Jurisdiction Over Eez Fisheries Resources: The South Pacific Practice, Ben Tsamenyi

Professor Ben M Tsamenyi

One of the new concepts that emerged from the Third Law of the Sea Conference is that of the exclusive economic zone. Coastal states, particularly developing countries, have, by extending their fisheries jurisdiction to 200 nautical miles, acquired considerable problems of enforcement because of physical and economic costs involved. To minimize these, developing countries in the South Pacific are cooperating through the South Pacific Forum Fisheries Agency Convention, inter alia, to devise new strategies of enforcement. A most useful device adopted has been compilation of a Regional Register of Fishing Vessels in "good standing'. -Author

Here Comes The Internet, And Why It Matters - Private International Law In Transition, Ulf Maunsbach

Ulf Maunsbach

No abstract provided.

Jurisdiction In Relation To Online Cross-Border Infringements: The Code And The Law, Ulf Maunsbach

Ulf Maunsbach

No abstract provided.

Constraining The Federal Rules Of Civil Procedure Through The Federalism Canons Of Statutory Interpretation, Margaret S. Thomas

Margaret S. Thomas

The doctrine for deciding when to apply the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure to state claims heard in federal court has become a quagmire of exceptions and ephemeral distinctions, in large measure due to the persistent difficulty courts have in separating substantive rules from procedural ones in an era where special procedural rules are often used as an essential regulatory tool in state governance. This article examines the power of Federal Rules of Civil Procedure to displace contrary state law in diversity cases by focusing on the limited functional competence of the Supreme Court and its Advisory Committee to displace …

Modalities For Advancing Cross-Sectoral Cooperation In Managing Marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction, Kristina Gjerde, Jeff Ardron, Sarah Gotheil, Quentin Hanich, Francois Simard, Robin Warner, Patricio Bernal, Serge Garcia, Jihyun Lee, Michael Lodge, Imen Meliane, Jake Rice, Jessica Sanders

Robin Warner

[extract] Introduction 1. This report provides information and advice to the Secretariats and Member States of Regional Seas Conventions & Action Plans (RSCAPs) on modalities for advancing crosssectoral cooperation to progress internationally agreed conservation and sustainable use goals in marine areas beyond national jurisdiction.

Jurisdiction And Nation-Building: Tall Tales In Nineteenth-Century Aotearoa/New Zealand, Nan Seuffert

Professor Nan Seuffert

Que.stions of jurisdiction involve the determination of the boundaries of the law. Notions of modern territorial jurisdiction emerged with the development of the modern natioin-state as the bounded territory in which a particular set of laws applIed. These modern notions of both nation-state and jurisdiction facilitated colonisation by determining the territorial boundaries in which colonial law applied, by determing the national space to other nations, and by producing difference within national and jurisdictional boundaries. The production of internal difference, the creation of differences between distinct groupings through the law's jurisdictional speech, is arguably the most important work that jurisdiction performs …

A Constitutional Theory Of Habeas Power, Lee B. Kovarsky

Lee Kovarsky

Modern habeas corpus law generally favors an idiom of individual rights, but the Great Writ’s central feature is judicial power. Throughout the seventeenth-century English Civil Wars, the Glorious Revolution, and the war in the American colonies, the habeas writ was a means by which judges consolidated authority over the question of what counted as “lawful” custody. Of course, the American Framers did not simply copy the English writ—they embedded it in a Constitutional system of separated powers and dual sovereignty. “A Constitutional Theory of Habeas Power” is an inquiry into the newly-minted principle that the federal Constitution guarantees some quantum …

Intellectual Property And Private International Law – Swedish Perspectives, Ulf Maunsbach

Ulf Maunsbach

No abstract provided.

Aiming At The Wrong Target: The Audience Targeting Test For Personal Jurisdiction In Internet Defamation Cases, Sarah H. Ludington

Sarah H. Ludington

No abstract provided.

Paper For Presentation At The Jpil 2011 Conference In Milan: New Technology, New Problems And New Solutions - Private International Law And The Internet Revisited, Ulf Maunsbach

Ulf Maunsbach

No abstract provided.

The Bp Oil Spill: Marine Pollution, Admiralty Law And State Police Power Under The Oil Pollution Act Of 1990o, John J. Costonis

John J. Costonis

ABSTRACT

Choice of law issues in marine pollution events engage federal admiralty/general maritime law, federal environmental legislation and the reserved powers of the states to protect their natural resources and economic welfare. Admiralty and general maritime law enjoyed center stage throughout the first two thirds of the last century. Federal marine pollution statutes were few and weak, and state initiatives were typically deemed preempted in all but the so-called “marine but local” cases. The equilibrium began to shift in favor of state police powers and federal environmental values in the mid-1960’s in consequence of the Supreme Court’s solicitude for the …

Beyond Judicial Activism: When The Supreme Court Is No Longer A Court, Margaret L. Moses

Margaret L. Moses

Our Supreme Court, in recent decisions, has reached out beyond the cases that were put before it by litigants to decide issues that were not in dispute between the parties. The four Supreme Court decisions discussed in this article, Citizens United v. FEC, Ashcroft v. Iqbal, Montejo v. State of Louisiana, and Gross v. FBL, have frequently been criticized because of the changes in law they effected; this article, however, focuses on the process. When the Court decides its own questions, rather than those presented by the parties, it does so without the benefit of a record created below on …

Foreign Citizens As Members Of Transnational Class Actions, Jay Tidmarsh

Jay Tidmarsh

This Article addresses an increasingly important question: When, if ever, should foreign citizens be included as members of an American class action? The existing consensus holds that foreign citizens whose home forum will not recognize an American class judgment should be excluded from membership. Our analysis begins by establishing that this consensus is seriously flawed and misapprehends the nature of the problem. Using standard tools of economic analysis, we then make two arguments. First, the decision to include or exclude foreign class members should be based upon a comparison of costs and benefits: in particular, the costs generated by foreign …

Procedure, Substance, And Erie, Jay Tidmarsh

Jay Tidmarsh

This article examines the relationship between procedure and substance, and the way in which that relationship affects Erie questions. It first suggests that “procedure” should be understood in terms of process — in other words, in terms of the way that it changes the substance of the law and the value of legal claims. It then argues that the traditional view that the definitions of “procedure” and “substance change with the context — a pillar on which present Erie analysis is based — is wrong. Finally, it suggests a single process-based principle that reconciles all of the Supreme Court’s “procedural …

Indispensable Sovereigns: Pimentel, Abstention, And The Uses Of Rule 19, Katherine J. Florey

Katherine J. Florey

This Article attempts to fill some of the gap in academic treatment of Rule 19 by considering an important and timely issue in the Rule’s application. It makes the argument that, while Rule 19 was originally intended to facilitate the consolidation of litigation by authorizing mandatory joinder of absent parties, it has evolved in an important subset of cases to serve a nearly opposite purpose. That is, in many cases where a party may be affected by the litigation but cannot be joined because it is a sovereign possessing immunity from suit, courts have developed a near-categorical rule that the …

International Law Colloquia, Spring 2006 Series, Roger Alford, Laura Dickinson, Mark Drumbl, Karen Knop, Diane Orentlicher, Brad Roth, Edward Swaine

Diane Orentlicher

Spring 2006 Presenters: February 10: Laura A. Dickinson (University of Connecticut School of Law), Democracy and Trust February 17: Mark A. Drumbl (Washington and Lee University School of Law), Atrocity and Punishment February 24: Karen Knop (University of Toronto Faculty of Law), Enemies and Outlaws: War and the Public/Private Citizen March 3: Brad R. Roth (Wayne State University Department of Political Science), State Sovereignty, International Legality, and Moral Disagreement April 7: Diane Orentlicher (American University Washington College of Law), Whose Justice? Reconciling Universal Jurisdiction with Democratic Principles April 14: Roger P. Alford (Pepperdine University School of Law), Foreign Relations as …

Original Habeas Redux, Lee B. Kovarsky

Lee Kovarsky

In "Original Habeas Redux," I map the modern dimensions of the Supreme Court’s most exotic jurisdiction—the original habeas writ. The Court has not issued such relief since 1925 and, until recently, had not ordered a case transferred pursuant to that authority in over fifty years. In August 2009, by transferring a capital prisoner’s original habeas petition to a federal district court rather than dismissing it outright, In re Davis abruptly thrust this obscure power back into mainstream legal debate over both the death penalty and the Supreme Court’s appellate jurisdiction. Scrambling to understand how the authority has evolved since its …

Jurisdiction And Internet In Relation To Commercial Law Disputes In A European Context, Ulf Maunsbach, Patrik Lindskoug

Ulf Maunsbach

No abstract provided.

The Duty Of Treatment: Human Rights And The Hiv/Aids Pandemic, Noah B. Novogrodsky

Noah B Novogrodsky

This article argues that the treatment of HIV and AIDS is spawning a juridical, advocacy and enforcement revolution. The intersection of AIDS and human rights was once characterized almost exclusively by anti-discrimination and destigmatization efforts. Today, human rights advocates are demanding life-saving treatment and convincing courts and legislatures to make states pay for it. Using a comparative Constitutional law methodology that places domestic courts at the center of the struggle for HIV treatment, this article shows how the provision of AIDS medications is reframing the right to health and the implementation of socio-economic rights. First, it locates an emerging right …

Boumediene V. Bush And Guantánamo, Cuba: Does The "Empire Strike Back"?, Ernesto A. Hernandez

Ernesto A. Hernandez

Focusing on the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Boumediene v. Bush (2008) and the U.S. occupation of the Naval Station at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, this article argues that the base’s legal anomaly heavily influences “War on Terror” detention jurisprudence. Anomaly is created by agreements between the U.S. and Cuba in 1903 and 1934. They affirm that the U.S. lacks sovereignty over Guantánamo but retains “complete jurisdiction and control” for an indefinite period; while Cuba has “ultimate sovereignty.” Gerald Neuman labels this as an anomalous zone with fundamental legal rules locally suspended. The base was chosen as a detention center because …

The Appropriations Power And Sovereign Immunity, Jay Tidmarsh, Paul F. Figley

Jay Tidmarsh

Historical discussions of sovereign immunity assume that the Constitution contains no explicit text regarding sovereign immunity. As a result, arguments about the existence — or non-existence — of sovereign immunity begin with the English and American common-law doctrines of sovereign immunity, and ask whether the founding period altered that doctrine. Exploring political, fiscal, and legal developments in England and the American colonies in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, this article shows that focusing on common-law developments is misguided. The common-law approach to sovereign immunity ended in the early 1700s. The Bankers’ Case (1690-1700), which is often regarded as the first …

Are The Icsid Rules Governing Nationality And Investment Working? – A Discussion, David D. Caron

David D. Caron

No abstract provided.