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Articles 1 - 30 of 49
Full-Text Articles in Law
Rethinking Theft Crimes In Virginia, John G. Douglass
Rethinking Theft Crimes In Virginia, John G. Douglass
University of Richmond Law Review
No abstract provided.
Criminal Law, Marla Graff Decker, Stephen R. Mccullough
Criminal Law, Marla Graff Decker, Stephen R. Mccullough
University of Richmond Law Review
No abstract provided.
Nullificatory Juries, David A. Hoffman, Kaimipono D. Wenger
Nullificatory Juries, David A. Hoffman, Kaimipono D. Wenger
David A Hoffman
In this Article, we argue that current debates on the legitimacy of punitive damages would benefit from a comparison with jury nullification in criminal trials. We discuss critiques of punitive damages and of jury nullification, noting the surprising similarities in the arguments scholars use to attack these (superficially) distinct outcomes of the jury guarantee. Not only are the criticisms alike, the institutions of punitive damages and jury nullification also turn out to have many similarities: both are, we suggest, examples of what we call "nullificatory juries." We discuss the features of such juries, and consider recent behavioral data relating to …
To Catch A Killer: Roadblocks And The Fourth Amendment, Michael T. Morley
To Catch A Killer: Roadblocks And The Fourth Amendment, Michael T. Morley
Scholarly Publications
No abstract provided.
A Miscarriage Of Justice In Massachusetts: Eyewitness Identification Procedures, Unrecorded Admissions, And A Comparison With English Law, Stanley Z. Fisher, Ian K. Mckenzie
A Miscarriage Of Justice In Massachusetts: Eyewitness Identification Procedures, Unrecorded Admissions, And A Comparison With English Law, Stanley Z. Fisher, Ian K. Mckenzie
Faculty Scholarship
Like many other states, Massachusetts has recently known a number of acknowledged miscarriages of justice. This article examines one of them, the Marvin Mitchell case, in order to ask two questions: "What went wrong?" and "What systemic reforms might have prevented this injustice?" In seeking ideas for reform, we look to English law.
In 1990 Marvin Mitchell was convicted of rape in Massachusetts. Seven years later he became the first Massachusetts prisoner to be exonerated by DNA testing. In this article we describe the two key factors leading to Mitchell's wrongful conviction: faulty eyewitness identification procedures, and inadequate safeguards surrounding …
Toward A Criminal Law For Cyberspace: Distributed Security, Susan Brenner
Toward A Criminal Law For Cyberspace: Distributed Security, Susan Brenner
ExpressO
The article analyzes the structure and evolution of the current, traditional model of law enforcement and explains why this model is not an effective means of addressing computer-facilitated criminal activity. It begins by analyzing the operation of rules in collective systems composed of biological or artificial entities; it explains that every such system utilizes basic, constitutive rules to maintain both internal and external order. The article explains that intelligence has a profound effect upon a system’s ability to maintain internal order. Intelligence creates the capacity for deviant behavior, i.e., the refusal to abide by constitutive rules, and this requires the …
From The Ne’Er-Do-Well To The Criminal History Category: The Refinement Of The Actuarial Model In Criminal Law, Bernard E. Harcourt
From The Ne’Er-Do-Well To The Criminal History Category: The Refinement Of The Actuarial Model In Criminal Law, Bernard E. Harcourt
Law and Contemporary Problems
Harcourt discusses three developments in 20th century criminal law: the evolution of parole board decision-making in the early 20th century, the development of fixed sentencing guidelines in the late 20th century, and the growth of criminal profiling as a formal law enforcement tool since the 1960s. In each of these case studies, he focuses on the criminal law decision-making.
Trust Me, I'M A Judge: Why Binding Judicial Notice Of Jurisdictional Facts Violates The Right To Jury Trial, William M. Carter Jr.
Trust Me, I'M A Judge: Why Binding Judicial Notice Of Jurisdictional Facts Violates The Right To Jury Trial, William M. Carter Jr.
Missouri Law Review
This Article contends that the predominant practice of federal courts of completely removing the jurisdictional element from the jury violates the Sixth Amendment right to jury trial and Rule 201. Part II of this Article discusses the problems raised by binding judicial notice of the jurisdictional element of federal criminal offenses. Part III gives an overview of the factual, constitutional, and statutory prerequisites for land to fall within the special territorial jurisdiction of the United States. Part IV briefly describes the circumstances in which courts may properly take judicial notice under Rule 201. Part V discusses the requirements for judicial …
Sex Offender Registration And Community Notification Laws: Will These Laws Survive?, Kimberly B. Wilkins
Sex Offender Registration And Community Notification Laws: Will These Laws Survive?, Kimberly B. Wilkins
University of Richmond Law Review
No abstract provided.
Minority Shareholder, Minority Citizen: A Perspective Piece, Anthony Briggs
Minority Shareholder, Minority Citizen: A Perspective Piece, Anthony Briggs
Washington and Lee Journal of Civil Rights and Social Justice
No abstract provided.
Books Received, Journal Editor
Books Received, Journal Editor
Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law
THE DISCONNECTED By Penn Kimball New York: Columbia University Press, 1972.Pp. 317. $2.95/Paperback
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (2d ed.). Edited by Robert T. Golembiewski, Frank Gibson & Goeffrey Y. Cornog, Chicago: Rand McNally & Company, 1972. Pp. xxxix, 617.$6.95/Paperback
THE AUSTRIAN-GERMAN ARBITRAL TRIBUNAL By Ignaz Seidl-Hohenveldern Syracuse:Syracuse University Press, 1972. Pp. xi, 261. $15.00.
CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS OF PRISONERS By John W. Palmer Cincinnati: The W.H.Anderson Company, 1973. Pp. xv, 710.
CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS OF THE ACCUSED: PRETRIAL RIGHTS By Joseph G. Cook Rochester: The Lawyer's Co-operative Publishing Company, 1972. Pp. ix, 572. $35.00.
CRIMINAL SENTENCES: LAW WITHOUT ORDER By Marvin E. Frankel New …
Overcoming The Myth Of Free Will In Criminal Law: The True Impact Of The Genetic Revolution, Matthew Jones
Overcoming The Myth Of Free Will In Criminal Law: The True Impact Of The Genetic Revolution, Matthew Jones
Duke Law Journal
No abstract provided.
On Statutory Rape, Strict Liability, And The Public Welfare Offense Model, Catherine L. Carpenter
On Statutory Rape, Strict Liability, And The Public Welfare Offense Model, Catherine L. Carpenter
American University Law Review
Statutory Rape. At the center of a long-standing debate on whether its commission should require proof of a criminal mens rea, the prosecution of statutory rape offers a revealing look at the struggle to demarcate the parameters of the public welfare offense doctrine. Specifically, with respect to statutory rape, disagreement is deep and entrenched on whether statutory rape should be categorized as a public welfare offense, which would render irrelevant defendant's lack of knowledge of the victim's age. And despite wholesale revamping of state statutory rape laws on issues of age, gender, and potential grading and punishment, the debate on …
Extraterritorial Implications Of The Digital Millennium Copyright Act, Adam D. Fuller
Extraterritorial Implications Of The Digital Millennium Copyright Act, Adam D. Fuller
Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law
No abstract provided.
International Law Issues In Death Penalty Defense, Richard J. Wilson
International Law Issues In Death Penalty Defense, Richard J. Wilson
Hofstra Law Review
No abstract provided.
Nullificatory Juries, Kaimipono David Wenger, David A. Hoffman
Nullificatory Juries, Kaimipono David Wenger, David A. Hoffman
All Faculty Scholarship
In this Article, we argue that current debates on the legitimacy of punitive damages would benefit from a comparison with jury nullification in criminal trials. We discuss critiques of punitive damages and of jury nullification, noting the surprising similarities in the arguments scholars use to attack these (superficially) distinct outcomes of the jury guarantee. Not only are the criticisms alike, the institutions of punitive damages and jury nullification also turn out to have many similarities: both are, we suggest, examples of what we call "nullificatory juries." We discuss the features of such juries, and consider recent behavioral data relating to …
The Metamorphoses Of Reasonable Doubt: How Changes In The Burden Of Proof Have Weakened The Presumption Of Innocence, Steve Sheppard
The Metamorphoses Of Reasonable Doubt: How Changes In The Burden Of Proof Have Weakened The Presumption Of Innocence, Steve Sheppard
Steve Sheppard
The standard of proof beyond a reasonable doubt is commonly thought to be an important benefit to the accused. The history of the standard is much more complex and demonstrates lesser commitments to the truth and to the defendant.
This article develops the history of the reasonable doubt instruction in the United States and its English antecedents. Examining the development of the instruction in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and its evolution through the nineteenth and twentieth, this history reveals the dual nature of the instruction. It both encapsulated a theory of knowledge and articulated a level of confidence in …
Mental Health And Incarceration: What A Bad Combination, Olinda Moyd
Mental Health And Incarceration: What A Bad Combination, Olinda Moyd
Articles in Law Reviews & Other Academic Journals
The District of Columbia has one of the highest per capita incarceration and criminal justice supervision rates in the United States1 and among the highest in the world. The local prison population has risen dramatically over the past decade for a variety of reasons including increased rates of re-incarceration for parole violations and the imposition of longer sentences for drug offenses. Recent acts of Congress have seriously impacted the sentencing laws in the District including determination of where persons sentenced for violating local D.C. laws will serve such sentences. On August 5, 1997, President Clinton signed into law The National …
Victim Wrongs: The Case For A General Criminal Defense Based On Wrongful Victim Behavior In An Era Of Victims' Rights, Aya Gruber
Publications
Criminal law scholarship is rife with analysis of the victims' rights movement. Many articles identify with the outrage of victims harmed by deviant criminal elements. Other scholarly pieces criticize the movement's denuding of defendants' constitutional trial rights. The point upon which proponents and opponents of the movement tend to agree, however, is that the victim should never be blamed for the crime. The helpless, harmed, innocent victim is someone with whom we can all identify and someone to whom we can all express sympathy. Victim blaming, by all accounts, is an act of legal heresy to feminists, victim advocates, and …
Culture And Contempt: The Limitations Of Expressive Criminal Law, Ted Sampsell-Jones
Culture And Contempt: The Limitations Of Expressive Criminal Law, Ted Sampsell-Jones
Seattle University Law Review
This Article will attempt to highlight certain important features of the expressive function of criminal law that have been neglected. Bringing these elements into higher relief will add to our understanding of how expressive criminal law works and, in particular, how it can fail to work as intended. This article will look closely at one example of the operation of expressive criminal law. The example comes from the area of criminal drug policy, and will examine how expressive drug laws have functioned in the street subculture of urban minority communities. Part II, describes street ideology and the social meanings of …
The Structure Of Expertise In Criminal Cases, Christopher Slobogin
The Structure Of Expertise In Criminal Cases, Christopher Slobogin
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
This essay, part of a two-issue symposium on the implications of Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals and its progeny, is built around three propositions about expert testimony and criminal cases. First, the "Daubert trilogy's" focus on verifiability as the threshold for expert testimony pushes the criminal justice system away from the notion that knowledge is socially constructed and toward a positivist epistemology that assumes we can know things objectively. Second, in the long run, that development will be good for prosecutors and bad for criminal defendants, given the different types of expertise on which they rely. Third, the consequence of …
The Integrationist Alternative To The Insanity Defense: Reflections On The Exculpatory Scope Of Mental Illness In The Wake Of The Andrea Yates Trial, Christopher Slobogin
The Integrationist Alternative To The Insanity Defense: Reflections On The Exculpatory Scope Of Mental Illness In The Wake Of The Andrea Yates Trial, Christopher Slobogin
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
On June 20, 2001, Andrea Yates took the lives of her five children by drowning them, one by one, in a bathtub. At her trial on capital murder charges nine months later, she pleaded insanity. Despite very credible evidence that she had long suffered from serious mental disorder, a Texas jury convicted Yates of murder and sentenced her to life in prison. Her tragic and controversial case led many to question whether the so-called "M'Naghten" test for insanity, which forms the basis for the insanity defense in Texas, adequately defines the exculpatory effect of mental disorder. This article is based …
Evidence: Is Oklahoma Balancing The Scales Of Justice By Tying The Hands Of Trial Judges?: The 2002 Amendment To Section 2403 Of The Oklahoma Evidence Code Mandating Admission Of In-Life Victim Photographs In Homicide Cases, Liesa L. Richter
Oklahoma Law Review
No abstract provided.
Two Sides Of A "Sargasso Sea": Successive Prosecution For The "Same Offence" In The United States And The United Kingdom, Lissa Griffin
Two Sides Of A "Sargasso Sea": Successive Prosecution For The "Same Offence" In The United States And The United Kingdom, Lissa Griffin
University of Richmond Law Review
No abstract provided.
The Origins Of Felony Jury Sentencing In The United States, Nancy J. King
The Origins Of Felony Jury Sentencing In The United States, Nancy J. King
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
All of the states admitted to the Union by 1800 eventually abandoned capital punishment for most felonies in favor of discretionary terms of imprisonment. But of these states, only Virginia, Kentucky, and Georgia adopted jury sentencing. In 1786, Pennsylvania became the first state to adopt discretionary terms of hard labor and imprisonment as the primary punishment for felony offenses-delegating to judges the authority to select those terms. In 1796, Virginia opted for jury sentencing, while New York followed Pennsylvania's lead. After 1796, with both Pennsylvania's judge sentencing and Virginia's jury sentencing models to choose from, New Jersey and all of …
A Healer Or An Executioner - The Proper Role Of A Psychiatrist In A Criminal Justice System, Gregory Dolin
A Healer Or An Executioner - The Proper Role Of A Psychiatrist In A Criminal Justice System, Gregory Dolin
Journal of Law and Health
This article argues that despite the benefits of ridding the criminal justice system of some uncertainty and ignorance with respect to mental health issues, the very close involvement of psychiatrists in the criminal justice system as practiced in the United States is not only illogical and bad policy, but also unethical from the viewpoint of medical ethics. Part II of this article will lay the groundwork for the argument by discussing the history of the insanity defense, and of science's involvement with criminal justice; while Part III, will look into the association of science and the administration of justice in …
Jurisdiction To Adjudicate And Jurisdiction To Prescribe In International Criminal Courts, Kenneth S. Gallant
Jurisdiction To Adjudicate And Jurisdiction To Prescribe In International Criminal Courts, Kenneth S. Gallant
Faculty Scholarship
Direct jurisdiction over individuals, along with responsibilities to them, are outstanding characteristics of the new International Criminal Court (ICC or Court), as they already are of the International Criminal Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and for Rwanda (ICTR). This Article raises issues of legitimate power to prosecute and to define criminal law and issues of individual human rights which necessarily arise in any criminal system.
This Article is predominantly an analysis of issues of criminal jurisdiction over persons as they are treated in the ICC Statute, as well as in the current ad hoc international criminal tribunals. Part II …
Homicide On Holiday: Prosecutorial Discretion, Popular Culture, And The Boundaries Of The Criminal Law, Carolyn B. Ramsey
Homicide On Holiday: Prosecutorial Discretion, Popular Culture, And The Boundaries Of The Criminal Law, Carolyn B. Ramsey
Publications
This article discusses prosecutors' discretion to press criminal charges against individuals who cause death during recreational activities. Based on newspaper sources, published opinions, and unpublished materials from cases that resulted in plea bargains, Homicide on Holiday continues the author's exploration of the relationship between the American public, criminal prosecutors, and the nature of the prosecutors' public role. It shows that, despite popular culture's glorification of risk and a nationwide trend in tort law toward sheltering sports co-participants from civil negligence liability, an exhilarating trip down a ski slope is increasingly likely to land a skier in jail if he collides …
Independent Review Of The Crimes (Forensic Procedures) Act 2000, Mark Findlay
Independent Review Of The Crimes (Forensic Procedures) Act 2000, Mark Findlay
Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law
This Report focuses on the use of forensic procedures in the criminal justice system. It arises out of the requirement under section 122 of the Crimes (Forensic Procedures) Act 2000 (the Act) that the Minister (the Attorney General) review the Act to determine whether the policy objectives of the Act remain valid and whether the terms of the Act remain appropriate for securing those objectives.
Should The Model Penal Code's Mens Rea Provisions Be Amended?, Kenneth Simons
Should The Model Penal Code's Mens Rea Provisions Be Amended?, Kenneth Simons
Faculty Scholarship
The Model Penal Code approach to mens rea was a tremendous advance. The MPC carefully defines a limited number of mens rea terms, firmly establishes element analysis in place of offense analysis, and recognizes that the doctrine of mistake is part and parcel of the basic analysis of mens rea.
However, a revised Code could improve the drafting of the mens rea provisions in a number of respects:
* Clarify how to distinguish result, circumstance, and result elements
* Simplify the definitions of knowledge and purpose
* Perhaps eliminate the category of mens rea as to conduct
* Clarify the …