Law Commons^™

Discourse Or Merely Noise? Regarding The Disagreement On Undocumented Migrants, Markus Gunneflo, Niklas Selberg

Niklas Selberg

Discrimination And Business Regulation (The Supreme Court And Local Government Law: The 1999-2000 Term), Eileen Kaufman

Eileen Kaufman

No abstract provided.

Hiv And Aids In Africa: Compulsory Licensing Under Trips And Doha Declaration, Ufuoma Barbara Akpotaire

Ufuoma Barbara Akpotaire

In today’s world, there is a lot of focus on issues such as militancy, global warming, terrorism, racism and even politics. Unfortunately, there is a problem that has killed and is still killing far more people than any of the above issues. That problem is HIV/AIDS.

AIDS is a serious medical condition that predisposes patients towards opportunistic infecting tumors, dementia and death. HIV is the viral agent associated with AIDS. Africa is without doubt more heavily affected by HIV/AIDS than any other region of the world. Although Nigeria’s HIV/AIDS prevalence rate is still relatively low compared to some countries in …

Não Uma Outra República, A Nossa República, Outra, Paulo Ferreira Da Cunha

Paulo Ferreira da Cunha

Porque é que as democracias nunca se defendem bem? E como não vêem alguns dos que, generosa ou utopicamente, advogam uma nova república (a que chamam IV, normalmente, contando como tal o salazarismo-caetanismo, que foi uma autocracia, logo não uma república, mesmo uma anti-república), estão objectivamente a levar água ao moinho dessa coisa-outra que pode ter fachada republicana (ou monárquica…), mas só poderia ser, de novo, uma autocracia?

Junior Bar Law Review 1 (2010), 21-40 Judicial Activism Revisited: Reflecting On The Role Of Judges In Enforcing Economic, Social And Cultural Rights, Gehan D. Gunatilleke Mr.

Gehan D Gunatilleke Mr.

Following the conclusion of military operations in Sri Lanka in 2009, the issue of economic development and distributive justice appears to have remerged on the country’s agenda. Within this post-conflict context, the judiciary in Sri Lanka is confronted with a major challenge in terms of defining its proper role in the promotion of Economic Social and Cultural (“ESC”) rights. The precise extent to which judges should be ‘activist’ in promoting these rights should be contrasted with the level of activism required of judges in the sphere of civil and political rights. Advocating ESC rights in Sri Lanka simply cannot be …

Incrementalism, Civil Unions, And The Possibility Of Predicting Legal Recognition Of Same-Sex Marriage, Erez Aloni

Erez Aloni

Scholars who have examined the legal recognition of same-sex partnerships in European countries have concluded that the path to the legalization of same-sex marriage follows an incremental process involving specific stages. They suggest that it is possible to predict, based on certain visible social and legal processes or assessable parameters, which U.S. states will be the next to recognize same-sex marriage. These scholars argue that such small cumulative legal changes at the state level constitute the best means of legalizing same-sex marriage in the United States, and that civil unions are a necessary step in this process. This article shows …

Commentary To The Recommended Principles And Guidelines On Human Rights And Human Trafficking, Anne T. Gallagher

Anne T Gallagher

Improving The Effectiveness Of The International Law Of Human Trafficking: A Vision For The Future Of The Us Trafficking In Persons Reports, Anne T. Gallagher

Anne T Gallagher

In 2000, the United States Congress passed the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act requiring its State Department to issue annual Trafficking in Persons Reports (TIP Reports) describing “the nature and extent of severe forms of trafficking in persons” and assessing governmental efforts across the world to combat such trafficking against criteria established by US law. This article examines the opportunities and risks presented by the TIP Reports, tracing their evolution over the past decade and considering their impact on the behavior of states. In looking to the future, the article focuses on how this influential unilateral compliance mechanism …

Revisões Constitucionais Inconstitucionais?, Paulo Ferreira Da Cunha

Paulo Ferreira da Cunha

Algumas propostas de revisão constitucional parecem ignorar que tal procedimento está constitucionalizado, e que há regras para o fazer, assim como vários limites a respeitar. Só podem ser consideradas iniciativas de divulgação de ideários políticos porque, se por absurdo fossem por diante, acabariam por constituir revisões constitucionais inconstitucionais. Um dos pontos mais nevráligicos da polémica (não só portuguesa) sobre as mutações constitucionais é o Estado Social. Sobre ele se gerou um amplo consenso na Constituinte, que persiste e até talvez se haja aprofundado na sociedade de hoje. Ele faz intrinsecamente parte do programa da Constituição vigente, pelo que revê-la de …

Visões E Revisões Constitucionais, Paulo Ferreira Da Cunha

Paulo Ferreira da Cunha

Os tempos actuais são apesar de tudo excelentes para reflectir sobre o vero alcance das normas. E sobretudo das normas generosas da nossa Constituição democrática e social. Não se pense que a Constituição é milagrosa. As crises, como aquela em que nos encontramos, colocam-lhe desafios sérios, e é a força das coisas, dos factos, e não o normativo dos textos, quem impera normalmente.

Two Steps Forward, One Step Back: The 2010 Report By The Un Special Representative On Business And Human Rights, Jernej Letnar Cernic

Jernej Letnar Černič

The relationship between human rights law and business has emerged in recent years as one of the most topical to be discussed and put on the agenda almost worldwide. The activities of corporations in this globalized environment have often served as the catalyst for human rights violations; due to the lack of institutional protection, some corporations are able to exploit regulatory lacunae and the lack of human rights protection. On 9 April 2010 Professor John Ruggie, the United Nations Special Representative of the Secretary General on human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises, submitted his fifth Report under …

International Labor Rights And The Sovereignty Question: Nafta And Guatemala, Two Case Studies, Lance A. Compa

Lance A Compa

[Excerpt] Labor rights advocates in the United States and allied organizations abroad attempting to establish international fair labor standards run up against traditional notions of sovereignty in formulating national labor policies and development strategies. In the same way that entrenched sovereignty principles gradually yielded to international human rights claims after World War E, sovereignty is now being challenged by claims of international laborrights in the field of employment standards and industrial relations. This Article seeks to illuminate this challenge to sovereignty in two case studies of labor rights advocacy. Part I sets the stage with an overview of the growing …

Models Of Religious Freedom, Marcel Stuessi Swiss Human Rights Lawyer

Marcel Stüssi

MODELS OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM

The Swiss, US American, and Syrian models are in this thesis illustrated by way of three representations. The Analytical Representation comprises more than statements of posi-tive law or mechanical comparison. Each chapter is introduced by thought-forms predominant in the respective legal culture. The objective of the Methodological Representation is to investigate the logic and legitimate pattern by which the Swiss and US American judiciary meth-odologically come to the conclusion that an alleged governmental inter-ference is covered under the right to religious freedom. The last dimen-sion, which is the Eclectic Representation, pursues a dual aim. Firstly, the …

A Strange Case: Violations Of Workers’ Freedom Of Association In The United States By European Multinational Corporations, Lance A. Compa

Lance A Compa

[Excerpt] A central conclusion of this report is that firms’ voluntary principles and policies are not enough to safeguard workers’ freedom of association. They can be important initiatives, but only when they contain effective due diligence, oversight, and control mechanisms. Otherwise, as shown here, shortcomings in US labor law create enormous temptation - especially among US managers not sufficiently overseen by European parent company officials - to take advantage of them by acts inconsistent with international norms. The pattern that emerges in the examples presented here suggests inadequate due diligence and internal performance controls to prevent and correct US management …

The Right To An Effective Remedy For Victims Of Trafficking In Persons: A Survey Of International Law And Policy, Anne T. Gallagher

Anne T Gallagher

Remedies are a critical aspect of the international legal response to trafficking, confirming the status of trafficked persons as victims of crime and victims of human rights abuse. Over the past decade, States and the international community have come to better understand the true consequences of trafficking – an essential prerequisite to consensus on what constitutes ‘effective” and “appropriate’ remedies for trafficking-related harm. There have also been great improvements in the articulation and acceptance of legal obligations owed by States to prevent and respond to such harm. Unfortunately, and despite this important progress, victims of trafficking very rarely receive the …

Introductory Note To The Extraordinary Chambers Of The Courts Of Cambodia: Decision On The Appeals Against The Co-Investigative Judges Order On Joint Criminal Enterprise (Jce), Benjamin E. Brockman-Hawe

Benjamin E. Brockman-Hawe

No abstract provided.

Judicial Review Of Administrative Acts In The European Union And In France: A Comparison., Natasha Buontempo

Natasha Buontempo

No abstract provided.

Padilla V. Kentucky And The Evolving Right To Deportation Counsel: Watershed Or Work-In-Progress?, Daniel Kanstroom

Daniel Kanstroom

No abstract provided.

Llm Cyberlaw: Information Technology, Law And Society, Subhajit Basu

Subhajit Basu

LLM in Cyberlaw: information technology, law and society enables you to develop knowledge and skills in relation to the legal rules regulating cyberlaw activity in the UK and Europe, and at a global level.

The Right To Food And Buyer Power, Aravind Ganesh

Aravind Ganesh

Modern global food supply chains are characterised by extreme levels of concentration in the middle of those chains. This paper argues that such concentration leads to excessive buyer power, which harms the consumers and food producers at the ends of the supply chains. This paper argues that the harms suffered by farmers are serious enough as to constitute violations of the international human right to food as it is expressed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Political Rights, and further argues that world competition law regimes cannot ignore these human rights …

Palavras Claras, Paulo Ferreira Da Cunha

Paulo Ferreira da Cunha

Cuidemos das palavras. É tão fácil identificar um novo-rico cultural ou um tecnocrata vazio pela linguagem de plástico... Essa linguagem (voltei a ver agora numa releitura de António Telmo, mas já está em Confúcio), molda mesmo a mente. Quem assim fala, assim pensa. É critério infalível.

Lições Do Kiwi, Paulo Ferreira Da Cunha

Paulo Ferreira da Cunha

Nenhum desafio, nem mesmo o do sabor de um fruto descrito por palavras, pode ficar sem resposta – ainda que aproximativa; a ausência de convenções sobre o como fazer não deve paralisar quem quer fazer; a analogia com o fazer outras coisas pode servir de inspiração; mas não se pode fazer algo de novo, ou face a coisas novas meramente repetindo o antigo – é preciso alguma inovação, ainda que na reunião dos meios; finalmente, cada coisa, cada desafio novo, cada nova tarefa, convoca instrumentos adequados, e não outros.

Lessons From Hurricane Katrina: Prison Emergency Preparedness As A Constitutional Imperative, Ira P. Robbins

Ira P. Robbins

Hurricane Katrina was one of the worst natural disasters ever to strike the United States, in terms of casualties, suffering, and financial cost. Often overlooked among Katrina's victims are the 8,000 inmates who were incarcerated at Orleans Parish Prison (OPP) when Katrina struck. Despite a mandatory evacuation of New Orleans, these men and women, some of whom had been held on charges as insignificant as public intoxication, remained in the jail as the hurricane hit, and endured days of rising, toxic waters, a lack of food and drinking water, and a complete breakdown of order within OPP. When the inmates …

República E Monarquia: Desfazendo Confusões, Paulo Ferreira Da Cunha

Paulo Ferreira da Cunha

Há pelo menos três sentidos essencias da palavra República... Se os confundirmos, estamos perdidos, nunca nos entenderemos. O sentido mais profícuo é o material ou substancial e intermédio: nem o que diz que todas as sociedades políticas o são (sentido hoje quase esquecido), nem o que identifica formalmente as repúblicas com todas as sociedades que não têm rei, sem lhes verificar requisitos éticos. Há um "quid" especial nas Repúblicas para quem é republicano. E que não tem nada a ver com o que nelas vêem os monárquicos ou os indiferentes (?)...

The International Law Of Human Trafficking, Anne T. Gallagher

Anne T Gallagher

This book presents the first-ever comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the international law of human trafficking. Anne T. Gallagher calls on her direct experience working within the United Nations to chart the development of new international laws on this issue. She links these rules to the international law of State responsibility , as well as key norms of international human rights law, transnational criminal law, refugee law and international criminal law, in the process identifying and explaining the major legal obligations of States with respect to preventing trafficking, protecting and supporting victims, and prosecuting perpetrators.

Pedro E O Lobo, Paulo Ferreira Da Cunha

Paulo Ferreira da Cunha

Somos constantemente bombardeados com desgraças. Os telejornais coleccionam desgraças pelo mundo, até de poucos mortos, todas juntas. O catastrofismo é empolado por privilegiados e ociosos (que disso não se dão conta), que gostariam de mais privilégios, e cuja ociosidade precisa de ser preenchida com emoções fortes, ainda que artificiais. Quando é necessário unir os Portugueses e trabalhar muito, precisamente nos acenam com o mito do Dom Sebastião... Como seria a desilusão dos incautos por eles arrastados se acaso triunfassem as suas pretensões... O presente artigo pretende sublinhar a importância do triunfo do princípio da responsabilidade sobre os impulsos tanáticos, suicidas, …

Public Consultations On Net Neutrality 2010: Usa, Eu And France, Sulan Wong, Julio Rojas Mora, Eitan Altman

Julio Rojas-Mora

The evolution of the Internet has come to a point where almost at the same time, governments all around the world feel the need for legislation to regulate the use of the Internet. In preparing the legislation, consultations were called by various governments or by the corresponding regulation bodies. We describe in this paper the various consultations as well as the background related to the Net Neutrality question in each case. Rather than describing the answers to each consultation, which are available and which have already been analyzed, we focus on comparing the consultations and the statistical figures related to …

Transnational Dimensions Of Women's Empowerment: Refocusing On Economic, Social, And Cultural Rights, Hope Lewis

Hope Lewis

These remarks on the economic, social, and cultural human rights of women were delivered at a conference on “The Protection of Women.” The conference was organized by the Italian Cultural Institute of New York, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Italy, the Consulate General of Italy in New York, and others as a side event during UN Week 2010. The focus of the conference was on progress toward completion of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) as they impact the status of women. My talk centered on the wisdom and survival strategies of Afro-Caribbean and other transmigrant women in surviving the …

República E Justiça Social, Paulo Ferreira Da Cunha

Paulo Ferreira da Cunha

Será a República socialmente indiferente? Algumas experiências concretas (e desde logo a I República portuguesa) levaram alguns, sobretudo mais adeptos de transformações mais profundas e violentas, a criticar o republicanismo por contrário à Justiça Social, ou, pelo menos, como muito tímido nessa matéria. Mas será que a República é, por natureza, anti-social, a-social ou mesmo conservadora? Não nos parece...

República, Adjectivos E Números, Paulo Ferreira Da Cunha

Paulo Ferreira da Cunha

Políticos e comentadores que falam em renovação das instituições e a tal querem dar novo nome, caem quase sempre em expressões de conotação perigosa à luz da História política.Felizmente as nossas Repúblicas não têm numeração oficial. Em tempo de comemorações, há quem fale em mais Repúblicas do que duas. E mesmo quem se preocupe com os 100 anos da República se não se contar o interregno, o “Estado Novo”. Mas o que os republicanos comemoram é um século desde a implantação da República (1910). É esse momento que se celebra.