Law Commons^™

United States V. Clary: Equal Protection And The Crack Statute , Jason A. Gillmer

American University Law Review

No abstract provided.

Transsexualism As Metaphor: The Collision Of Sex And Gender, Leslie Pearlman

Buffalo Law Review

No abstract provided.

The New Logic Of Affirmative Action, Charles W. Collier

UF Law Faculty Publications

Is affirmative action inherently preferential, discriminatory, and thus inconsistent with the Constitution's guarantee of equal protection? This question is basic to the legal discussion of affirmative action, and yet it seems to me that it has not been adequately addressed, much less analyzed. Clearly, there is no shortage of individual abuses and misuses in the name of “affirmative action,” and these have been amply documented elsewhere. My primary concern is with what might be termed the “logic” of affirmative action.

United States V. Clary: Equal Protection And The Crack Statute , Jason A. Gillmer

American University Law Review

No abstract provided.

Bringing Small Business Development To Urban Neighborhoods, Robert E. Suggs

Faculty Scholarship

This article describes a race-neutral policy proposal designed to increase business formation and success rates for young urban African Americans. The proposal suggests using local governments' taxing authority, in a manner analogous to tax increment financing, to create financial incentives for successful small business owners to employ, and then mentor and train as business owners, young urban entrepreneurs from deteriorating neighborhoods. The amount of financial incentive varies directly with financial success of protégés and requires the transfer of some of the mentor’s social (reputational) capital to the protégé. Business activity has created wealth and economic mobility for other ethnic groups, …

The Prima Facie Case Of Age Discrimination In Reduction-In-Force Cases, Jessica Lind

Michigan Law Review

This Note proposes that courts require the plaintiff in a RIF case to show, as part of her prima facie burden, that the employer reassigned at least part of her job responsibilities to a younger individual of equal or lesser qualifications. Part I describes the analytical framework applied to most intentional discrimination cases the McDonnell Douglas framework. Part II explains that the RIF plaintiff cannot meet the specific requirements of the prima facie case as articulated in McDonnell Douglas because her firing occurs in conjunction with the elimination of her position. This Part then examines two approaches taken by the …

True Lies: The Role Of Pretext Evidence Under Batson V. Kentucky In The Wake Of St. Mary's Honor Center V. Hicks, David A. Sutphen

Michigan Law Review

In the process of determining whether a peremptory strike is valid, lower courts rely on the TI.tie VII burden-shifting framework originally laid out by the Supreme Court in McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green As a result, the order and presentation of proof in Batson cases deliberately parallels the order and presentation of proof in TI.tie VII intentional discrimination suits. In light of this similarity, the Supreme Court's recent TI.tie VII ruling in St. Mary's Honor Center v. Hicks - that proof of pretext under the McDonnell Douglas framework is not the legal equivalent to proof of intentional discrimination - raises …

The Racial Limits Of The Fair Housing Act: The Intersection Of Dominant White Images, The Violence Of Neighborhood Purity, And The Master Narrative Of Black Inferiority, Reginald Leamon Robinson

William & Mary Law Review

No abstract provided.

Accommodating Equality In The Unionized Workplace, Katherine Swinton

Osgoode Hall Law Journal

This article explores the appropriate relationship between human rights and collective bargaining laws through an examination of the Supreme Court of Canada's jurisprudence on the duty to accommodate. While collective bargaining can be an important force to promote equality for disadvantaged groups, resistance to changing the terms of collective agreements to accommodate those groups can arise, especially when other employees' seniority rights are affected. The emerging jurisprudence suggests that seniority rights will be respected in many situations, especially in layoffs, but the article outlines circumstances in which accommodation will be necessary to vindicate equality rights.

Filling The "Charter Gap": Human Rights Codes In The Private Sector, Gavin W. Anderson

Osgoode Hall Law Journal

The author considers the capacity of the federal and provincial human rights codes to deal with human rights abuses in the private sector. He compares the social democratic potential of the codes, with the classical liberalism of Charter jurisprudence, which shields the private sector from constitutional scrutiny. Four case studies are used: the definition of "offered to the public," mandatory retirement, the rights of the poor, and systemic discrimination. It is concluded that there are important similarities between the codes and the Charter, both at an institutional design and a doctrinal level. As a result, the codes have been unable …

Remark: Brown V. Board: Revisited, Michael A. Middleton

Faculty Publications

[T]he Negro needs neither segregated schools nor mixed schools. What he needs is Education. What he must remember is that there is no magic, either in mixed schools or in segregated schools. A mixed school with poor and unsympathetic teachers, with hostile public opinion, and no teaching of truth concerning black folk, is bad. A segregated school with ignorant placeholders, inadequate equipment, poor salaries, and wretched housing, is equally bad. Other things being equal, the mixed school is the broader, more natural basis for the education of all youth. It gives wider contacts; it inspires greater self-confidence; and suppresses the …

Religion-Based Peremptory Challenges After Batson V. Kentucky And J.E.B. V. Alabama: An Equal Protection And First Amendment Analysis, Benjamin Hoorn Barton

Michigan Law Review

This Note argues that under Batson, J.E.B., the First Amendment, and the Equal Protection Clause, religion-based peremptory challenges are unconstitutional. This Note asserts that the analysis of governmental religious discrimination, such as a peremptory challenge, is the same under either the First Amendment or the Equal Protection Clause because both apply strict scrutiny to purposeful government discrimination.

Part I examines Batson and J.E.B. in greater detail and states a model for analyzing discriminatory peremptory challenges in which such challenges are treated as intentional governmental discrimination subject to heightened scrutiny. Part II argues that under the First Amendment, intentional governmental …

Further Evidence Of Discrimination In New Car Negotiations And Estimates Of Its Cause, Ian Ayres

Michigan Law Review

A 1991 test of new car dealerships in Chicago indicated that dealerships offered significantly lower prices to white male testers than to similarly situated black and-or female testers: white female testers were asked to pay 40% higher markups than white male testers; black male testers were asked to pay more than twice the markup of white male testers; and black female testers were asked to pay more than three times the markup of white male testers. This article extends the results of this initial test by presenting not only more authoritative evidence of discrimination but also a new quantitative method …

Race And National Origin As Influential Factors In Juvenile Detention, Arthur L. Burnett Sr.

University of the District of Columbia Law Review

The focus of this Article, however, is on the more pervasive problem of overzealous police officers acting on less than probable cause or even less than reasonable articulable suspicion. Police officers may frequently act on hunches or suspicions with the attitude that their actions will not be questioned, especially when the victim is a minor and may not be savvy enough to know his or her legal rights. Officers may believe they can act with impunity because of the combination of socio-economic conditions in public housing areas and in other low-income housing areas, or where there are a substantial number …

Section 4: Civil Rights, Institute Of Bill Of Rights Law, William & Mary Law School

Supreme Court Preview

No abstract provided.

The Last Minuet: Disparate Treatment After Hicks, Deborah C. Malamud

Michigan Law Review

The purpose of this article is to explain why the Court's much-maligned decision in Hicks was correct, and to further argue that in the aftermath of Hicks, the McDonnell Douglas-Burdine proof structure ought to be abandoned.

The Last Minuet: Disparate Treatment After Hicks, Deborah C. Malamud

Michigan Law Review

The purpose of this article is to explain why the Court's much-maligned decision in Hicks was correct, and to further argue that in the aftermath of Hicks, the McDonnell Douglas-Burdine proof structure ought to be abandoned.

Civil Rights—Employer's Beware: The Supreme Court's Rejection Of The Psychological Injury Requirement In Harris V. Forklift Systems, Inc., 114 S. Ct. 376 (1993), Makes It Easier For Employees To Establish A Claim For Sexual Harassment Based On A Hostile Working Environment, Deanna Weisse Turner

University of Arkansas at Little Rock Law Review

No abstract provided.

Civil Rights And Criminal Justice: Employment Discrimination Overview, Us Department Of Justice

National Institute of Justice Office of Justice Programs

No abstract provided.

Direct Democracy And Bioethical Choices: Voting Life And Death At The Ballot Box, Judith F. Daar

University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform

Direct democracy, the political process that enables citizens to draft, circulate, and enact laws, has become the refuge for grassroots organizations seeking statutory validation in a legislative arena perceived to be unresponsive or unfriendly to their concerns. One group of citizens, advocates for physician-aid-in-dying, has recently emerged on the national scene, sponsoring state ballot initiatives in three states and pledging to continue their quest for legalization of physician-assisted death throughout the country. In this Article, Professor Daar examines the interplay between direct democracy and regulation of end-of-life decision making. This examination reveals that lawmaking by initiative, as seen through the …

De Jure Revolution?, Margaret M. Russell

Michigan Law Review

A Review of Failed Revolutions: Social Reform and the Limits of Legal Imagination by Richard Delgado and Jean Stefancic, and Crusaders in the Courts: How a Dedicated Band of Lawyers Fought for the Civil Rights Revolution by Jack Greenberg.

Democracy And Dis-Appointment, Lani Guinier

Michigan Law Review

A Review of The Tyranny of the Majority: Fundamental Fairness in Representative Democracy