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Articles 1 - 30 of 31
Full-Text Articles in Law
Civil Rights, Charter Schools, And Lessons To Be Learned, Derek W. Black
Civil Rights, Charter Schools, And Lessons To Be Learned, Derek W. Black
Faculty Publications
Two major structural shifts have occurred in education reform in the past two decades: the decline of civil rights reforms and the rise of charter schools. Courts and policy makers have relegated traditional civil rights reforms that address segregation, poverty, disability, and language barriers to near irrelevance, while charter schools and policies supporting their creation and expansion have rapidly increased and now dominate federal policy. Advocates of traditional civil rights reforms interpret the success of charter schools as a threat to their cause, and, consequently, have fought the expansion of charter schools. This Article argues that the civil rights community …
Bringing Human Rights Home: How State And Local Governments Can Use Human Rights To Advance Local Policy, Human Rights Institute
Bringing Human Rights Home: How State And Local Governments Can Use Human Rights To Advance Local Policy, Human Rights Institute
Human Rights Institute
State and local governments play an essential role in promoting and protecting human rights. Within the United States, agencies and officials at the municipal, city, county and state levels can help fulfill human rights by ensuring dignity, equality and opportunity for everyone in their jurisdiction.
Recognizing the value of human rights, state and local agencies and officials across the United States are incorporating international human rights standards in their daily work. As illustrated by examples throughout this report, integrating human rights into local law, policy and practice can enhance government decision-making and respond directly to local needs. It also allows …
Prison, Foster Care, And The Systemic Punishment Of Black Mothers, Dorothy E. Roberts
Prison, Foster Care, And The Systemic Punishment Of Black Mothers, Dorothy E. Roberts
All Faculty Scholarship
This article is part of a UCLA Law Review symposium, “Overpoliced and Underprotected: Women, Race, and Criminalization.” It analyzes how the U.S. prison and foster care systems work together to punish black mothers in a way that helps to preserve race, gender, and class inequalities in a neoliberal age. The intersection of these systems is only one example of many forms of overpolicing that overlap and converge in the lives of poor women of color. I examine the statistical overlap between the prison and foster care populations, the simultaneous explosion of both systems in recent decades, the injuries that each …
The Long And Winding Road From Monroe To Connick, Sheldon Nahmod
The Long And Winding Road From Monroe To Connick, Sheldon Nahmod
All Faculty Scholarship
In this article, I address the historical and doctrinal development of § 1983 local government liability, beginning with Monroe v. Pape in 1961 and culminating in the Supreme Court’s controversial 2011 failure to train decision in Connick v. Thompson. Connick has made it exceptionally difficult for § 1983 plaintiffs to prevail against local governments in failure to train cases. In the course of my analysis, I also consider the oral argument and opinions in Connick as well as various aspects of § 1983 doctrine. I ultimately situate Connick in the Court’s federalism jurisprudence which doubles back to Justice Frankfurter’s view …
Education's Elusive Future, Storied Past, And The Fundamental Inequity In Between, Derek W. Black
Education's Elusive Future, Storied Past, And The Fundamental Inequity In Between, Derek W. Black
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Collegiality And Individual Dignity, Tobias Barrington Wolff
Collegiality And Individual Dignity, Tobias Barrington Wolff
All Faculty Scholarship
This Essay identifies and describes the tension between the norms of collegiality and basic principles of individual dignity that LGBT scholars and lawyers encounter when confronted with the dehumanizing arguments that are regularly advanced by opponents of equal treatment under law for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people. It is a transcript of remarks delivered at a March 2012 symposium on the Defense of Marriage Act at Fordham Law School, with minimal edits for publication.
Civil Rights Reform And The Body, Tobias Barrington Wolff
Civil Rights Reform And The Body, Tobias Barrington Wolff
All Faculty Scholarship
Discrimination on the basis of gender identity or expression has emerged as a major focus of civil rights reform. Opponents of these reforms have structured their opposition around one dominant image: the bathroom. With striking consistency, opponents have invoked anxiety over the bathroom -- who uses bathrooms, what happens in bathrooms, and what traumas one might experience while occupying a bathroom -- as the reason to permit discrimination in the workplace, housing, and places of public accommodation. This rhetoric of the bathroom in the debate over gender-identity protections seeks to exploit an underlying anxiety that has played a role in …
Timeline Of African-American Legal History In Nevada (1861-2011), Rachel J. Anderson
Timeline Of African-American Legal History In Nevada (1861-2011), Rachel J. Anderson
Scholarly Works
For the first time in Nevada history, this timeline depicts selected events in the history of African-American lawyers, civil rights, and diversity in Nevada's bar and bench. It includes many historically significant pictures and is part of a special Black History Month issue of the Nevada Lawyer, the official publication of the State Bar of Nevada. That issue highlights the achievements and contributions of African-American lawyers in Nevada in honor of the 51st anniversary of the first African American (Charles L. Kellar) passing the Nevada state bar examination, the 48th anniversary of the first two African Americans admitted to the …
Equality Beyond The Three-Part Test: Exploring And Explaining The Invisibility Of Title Ix’S Equal Treatment Requirement, Erin E. Buzuvis, Kristine E. Newhall
Equality Beyond The Three-Part Test: Exploring And Explaining The Invisibility Of Title Ix’S Equal Treatment Requirement, Erin E. Buzuvis, Kristine E. Newhall
Faculty Scholarship
It is clear from the proliferation of cases and complaints challenging programmatic disparities in school and college athletic programs that Title IX’s goal of equal treatment has not been fully realized. As the scholarship addressing equal treatment in athletics has been minimal, this Article is an effort to add to this scholarship in order to provide a greater understanding of equal treatment provisions. It examines why many school officials administer athletic departments in apparent oblivion to Title IX’s equal treatment mandate.
The Article provides the history of Title IX’s equal treatment provisions and their enforcement at the high school and …
The Place Of Law In Ivan Illich's Vision Of Social Transformation, Bruce K. Miller
The Place Of Law In Ivan Illich's Vision Of Social Transformation, Bruce K. Miller
Faculty Scholarship
This Article discusses Ivan Illich’s direction for social reform that led to his book, "Tools for Conviviality", where Illich targeted development, technology, and the exploitation of nature. Illich identified three key cultural institutions that needed to be reclaimed in order to bring about an inversion of industrial society: science, language, and law. This Article focuses on the rule of law and its central institutional invention—formal adjudication.
The Author suggests that Illich’s idealism can still be found in the law reform litigation effort and identifies the diminished stature of the ideal of disinterested adjudication as a significant threat to Illich’s hopes …
Thinking Locally: Law, Aging And Municipal Government: Findings From A National Survey, A. Kimberley Dayton, Israel (Issi) Doron
Thinking Locally: Law, Aging And Municipal Government: Findings From A National Survey, A. Kimberley Dayton, Israel (Issi) Doron
Faculty Scholarship
Municipal law, which has been largely ignored in the body of elder-rights scholarship, often plays a far more important role in the everyday lives of older persons than the principally aspirational concepts of international law. Accordingly, this article examines how well modern cities have fulfilled their potential role in assuring the civil and human rights of older persons. The author concludes, based on the results of a national study, that local law is not currently fulfilling its potential as a means to expand the rights of older citizens. Few cities across the country appear to have taken more than minor …
Federal Courts At The Boyd School Of Law, Anne R. Traum
Federal Courts At The Boyd School Of Law, Anne R. Traum
Scholarly Works
No abstract provided.
Execution In Virginia, 1859: The Trials Of Green And Copeland, Steven Lubet
Execution In Virginia, 1859: The Trials Of Green And Copeland, Steven Lubet
Faculty Working Papers
This essay tells the story of Shields Green and John Copeland, two black men who joined John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry. Along with Brown and several others, Green and Copeland were taken prisoner in the aftermath of the failed insurrection, and they were brought to trial in nearby Charlestown on charges of murder and treason. Unlike Brown, who was treated respectfully by his captors, Green and Copeland were handled roughly. Copeland in particular was subjected to a harsh interrogation that was criticized even by pro-slavery Democrats in the North. The black prisoners did, however, have the benefit of a …
Soul Of A Woman: The Sex Stereotyping Prohibition At Work, Kimberly A. Yuracko
Soul Of A Woman: The Sex Stereotyping Prohibition At Work, Kimberly A. Yuracko
Faculty Working Papers
In 1989 the Supreme Court in Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins declared that sex stereotyping was a prohibited from of sex discrimination at work. This seemingly simple declaration has been the most important development in sex discrimination jurisprudence since the passage of Title VII. It has been used to extend the Act's coverage and protect groups that were previously excluded. Astonishingly, however, the contours, dimensions and requirements of the prohibition have never been clearly articulated by courts or scholars. In this paper I evaluate four interpretations of what the sex stereotyping prohibition might mean in order to determine what it actually …
National Security Interest Convergence, Sudha Setty
National Security Interest Convergence, Sudha Setty
Faculty Scholarship
Over a decade after the attacks of September 11, 2001, lawmakers, scholars, activists, and policy makers continue to confront the questions of whether and to what extent robust counterterrorism laws and policies should be reined in to protect against the abuse of civil rights and the marginalization of outsider groups. This Article uses political and critical race theory to identify areas of national security interest convergence in which political will can be marshaled to limit some national security policies.
Legislators act in their political self-interest — both in terms of responding to party forces and constituents — in casting votes …
Common-Law Interpretation Of Appropriate Education: The Road Not Taken In Rowley, Mark Weber
Common-Law Interpretation Of Appropriate Education: The Road Not Taken In Rowley, Mark Weber
College of Law Faculty
Thirty years old in 2012, Board of Education v. Rowley is the case that established a some-benefit or floor-of-opportunity standard for the services public school districts must provide to children who have disabilities. But the some-benefit approach is by no means the only one the Court could have adopted. It could have endorsed the view of the lower courts that each child with a disability must be given the opportunity to achieve his or her potential commensurate with the opportunity offered other children. Or it could have adopted a standard based on achievement of the child’s full potential or the …
Overcoming Structural Barriers To Integrated Housing: A Back-To-The-Future Reflection On The Fair Housing Act's "Affirmatively Further" Mandate, Robert G. Schwemm
Overcoming Structural Barriers To Integrated Housing: A Back-To-The-Future Reflection On The Fair Housing Act's "Affirmatively Further" Mandate, Robert G. Schwemm
Law Faculty Scholarly Articles
A key goal of the 1968 Fair Housing Act (“FHA”), which was passed as an immediate response to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s assassination, was to replace the ghettos with “truly integrated and balanced living patterns.” It hasn’t happened. Today, more than four decades after the FHA’s passage, “residential segregation remains a key feature of America’s urban landscape,” continuing to condemn new generations of minorities to a second–class set of opportunities and undercutting a variety of national goals for all citizens.
But recent developments dealing with an underutilized provision of the FHA – § 3608’s mandate that federal housing funds …
The Twelve-Year-Old Girl's Lawsuit That Changed America: The Continuing Impact Of Now V. Little League Baseball, Inc. At 40, Douglas E. Abrams
The Twelve-Year-Old Girl's Lawsuit That Changed America: The Continuing Impact Of Now V. Little League Baseball, Inc. At 40, Douglas E. Abrams
Faculty Publications
In 1972, Little League's national office forced 12-year-old Maria Pepe off her Hoboken (N.J.) team because "[g]irls are not eligible." The New Jersey Division on Civil Rights sustained her gender discrimination claim in 1973, and the courts upheld the administrative decision a year later.
National reaction to Maria Pepe's courageous insistence on gender equity helped sustain the evolution in gender roles that had accelerated since the Women's Movement of the 1960s. Her landmark legal action also likely influenced the Supreme Court's gradual movement toward intermediate scrutiny of gender discrimination claims; the 1975 federal regulations that assured Title IX of the …
How Shall The Constitution Be Enforced? A Preview Of Minneci V. Pollard, John F. Preis
How Shall The Constitution Be Enforced? A Preview Of Minneci V. Pollard, John F. Preis
Law Faculty Publications
Professor Preis discusses Minneci v. Pollard, a case he argued before the Supreme Court of the United States on behalf of his client (Pollard), a federal prisoner who had brought a civil rights action for various forms of mistreatment in alleged violation of the Eighth Amendment. He outlines his and Pollard's contention that federal courts should enforce the civil rights of prisoners without regard to the availability of equivalent tort relief under state common law.
A New Era For Desegregation, Danielle R. Holley-Walker
A New Era For Desegregation, Danielle R. Holley-Walker
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
An Updated Quantitative Study Of Iqbal's Impact On 12(B)(6) Motions, Patricia W. Moore
An Updated Quantitative Study Of Iqbal's Impact On 12(B)(6) Motions, Patricia W. Moore
Faculty Articles
The effect of Ashcroft v. Iqbal on pleading standards and behavior is a source of significant legal debate. This article serves as a follow-up to Professor Moore's 2010 empirical study on Iqbal's effect on courts' rulings on motions to dismiss complaints for failure to state a claim under Rule 12(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Professor Moore's previous study found a statistically significant increase in the likelihood that a court grants a 12(b)(6) motion with leave to amend following Iqbal. In this article, Professor Moore updates and increases the pool of cases in her database. The updated data …
A Horrible Fascination: Segregation, Obscenity, & The Cultural Contingency Of Rights, Anders Walker
A Horrible Fascination: Segregation, Obscenity, & The Cultural Contingency Of Rights, Anders Walker
All Faculty Scholarship
Building on current interest in the regulation of child pornography, this article goes back to the 1950s, recovering a lost history of how southern segregationists used the battle against obscenity to counter the Supreme Court’s ruling in Brown v. Board of Education. Itself focused on the psychological development of children, Brown sparked a discursive backlash in the South focused on claims that the races possessed different cultures and that white children would be harmed joined a larger, regional campaign, a constitutional guerilla war mounted by moderates and extremists alike that swept onto cultural, First Amendment terrain even as the frontal …
The Thirteenth Amendment And Pro-Equality Speech, William M. Carter Jr.
The Thirteenth Amendment And Pro-Equality Speech, William M. Carter Jr.
Articles
The Thirteenth Amendment’s Framers envisioned the Amendment as providing federal authority to eliminate the “badges and incidents of slavery.” The freemen and their descendants are the most likely to be burdened with the effects of stigma, stereotypes, and structural discrimination arising from the slave system. Because African Americans are therefore the most obvious beneficiaries of the Amendment’s promise to eliminate the legacy of slavery, it is often mistakenly assumed that federal power to eradicate the badges and incidents of slavery only permits remedies aimed at redressing the subordination of African Americans. While African Americans were the primary victims of slavery …
Peacemaking & Provocation: A Response To Professor Tracey Jean Boisseau, Dan Subotnik
Peacemaking & Provocation: A Response To Professor Tracey Jean Boisseau, Dan Subotnik
Scholarly Works
No abstract provided.
Refugees And Asylum, James C. Hathaway
Refugees And Asylum, James C. Hathaway
Book Chapters
During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, European governments enacted a series of immigration laws under which international migration was constrained in order to maximise advantage for States. These new, largely self-interested laws clashed with the enormity of a series of major population displacements within Europe, including the flight of more than a million Russians between 1917 and 1922, and the exodus during the early 1920s of hundreds of thousands of Armenians from Turkey. The social crisis brought on by the de facto immigration of so many refugees - present without authorisation in countries where they enjoyed no protection …
Plausibility Pleading And Employment Discrimination, Suzette M. Malveaux
Plausibility Pleading And Employment Discrimination, Suzette M. Malveaux
Publications
No abstract provided.
The Realism Of Race In Judicial Decision Making: An Empirical Analysis Of Plaintiffs' Race And Judges' Race, Pat K. Chew, Robert E. Kelley
The Realism Of Race In Judicial Decision Making: An Empirical Analysis Of Plaintiffs' Race And Judges' Race, Pat K. Chew, Robert E. Kelley
Articles
American society is becoming increasingly diverse. At the same time, the federal judiciary continues to be predominantly White. What difference does this make? This article offers an empirical answer to that question through an extensive study of workplace racial harassment cases. It finds that judges of different races reach different conclusions, with non-African American judges less likely to hold for the plaintiffs. It also finds that plaintiffs of different races fare differently, with African Americans the most likely to lose and Hispanics the most likely to be successful. Finally, countering the formalism model’s tenet that judges are color-blind, the results …
Patient Racial Preferences And The Medical Culture Of Accommodation, Kimani Paul-Emile
Patient Racial Preferences And The Medical Culture Of Accommodation, Kimani Paul-Emile
Faculty Scholarship
One of medicine’s open secrets is that patients routinely refuse or demand medical treatment based on the assigned physician’s racial identity, and hospitals typically yield to patients’ racial preferences. This widely practiced, if rarely acknowledged, phenomenon — about which there is new empirical evidence — poses a fundamental dilemma for law, medicine, and ethics. It also raises difficult questions about how we should think about race, health, and individual autonomy in this context. Informed consent rules and common law battery dictate that a competent patient has an almost-unqualified right to refuse medical care, including treatment provided by an unwanted physician. …
Post-9/11 Lawyers, Trevor C. W. Farrow
Post-9/11 Lawyers, Trevor C. W. Farrow
Articles & Book Chapters
Based on notes made by the author during a visit to the World Trade Center site in lower Manhattan.
The Paradox Of Political Power: Post-Racialism, Equal Protection, And Democracy, William M. Carter Jr.
The Paradox Of Political Power: Post-Racialism, Equal Protection, And Democracy, William M. Carter Jr.
Articles
Racial minorities have achieved unparalleled electoral success in recent years. Simultaneously, they have continued to rank at or near the bottom in terms of health, wealth, income, education, and the effects of the criminal justice system. Social conservatives, including those on the Supreme Court, have latched onto evidence of isolated electoral success as proof of “post-racialism,” while ignoring the evidence of continued disparities for the vast majority of people of color.
This Essay will examine the tension between the Court's conservatives' repeated calls for minorities to achieve their goals through the political process and the Supreme Court's increasingly restrictive "colorblind" …