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Articles 1 - 26 of 26
Full-Text Articles in Law
Erie's International Effect, Michael Steven Green
The Contraception Mandate, Caroline Mala Corbin
Grutter's Denouement: Three Templates From The Roberts Court, Ellen D. Katz
Grutter's Denouement: Three Templates From The Roberts Court, Ellen D. Katz
NULR Online
No abstract provided.
Reviving National Muffler: Analyzing The Effect Of Mayo Foundation On Judicial Deference As Applied To General Tax Authority Guidance, Matthew H. Friedman
Reviving National Muffler: Analyzing The Effect Of Mayo Foundation On Judicial Deference As Applied To General Tax Authority Guidance, Matthew H. Friedman
NULR Online
No abstract provided.
A Tort Statute, With Aliens And Pirates, Eugene Kontorovich
A Tort Statute, With Aliens And Pirates, Eugene Kontorovich
NULR Online
No abstract provided.
Moderating Mayo, Bernard Chao
The End Of "One Hand": The Egyptian Constitutional Declaration And The Rift Between The "People" And The Supreme Council Of The Armed Forces, Kristen A. Stilt
The End Of "One Hand": The Egyptian Constitutional Declaration And The Rift Between The "People" And The Supreme Council Of The Armed Forces, Kristen A. Stilt
Faculty Working Papers
By some point in the fall of 2011, Egyptians in large numbers no longer viewed the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF) as the guardian of the revolution and even considered it the revolution's antagonist. "The army and the people are one" was a common slogan in the early days following Mubarak's ouster on February 11, 2011, but the situation had changed dramatically by the landmark date of October 9, when the military used violence against its own citizens, killing approximately twenty-five Christians at a protest outside Maspero, the headquarters of the Egyptian state television. Violence against protestors continued …
Execution In Virginia, 1859: The Trials Of Green And Copeland, Steven Lubet
Execution In Virginia, 1859: The Trials Of Green And Copeland, Steven Lubet
Faculty Working Papers
This essay tells the story of Shields Green and John Copeland, two black men who joined John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry. Along with Brown and several others, Green and Copeland were taken prisoner in the aftermath of the failed insurrection, and they were brought to trial in nearby Charlestown on charges of murder and treason. Unlike Brown, who was treated respectfully by his captors, Green and Copeland were handled roughly. Copeland in particular was subjected to a harsh interrogation that was criticized even by pro-slavery Democrats in the North. The black prisoners did, however, have the benefit of a …
Religion And The Equal Protection Clause, Steven G. Calabresi, Abe Salander
Religion And The Equal Protection Clause, Steven G. Calabresi, Abe Salander
Faculty Working Papers
This article argues that state action that discriminates on the basis of religion is unconstitutional under the Equal Protection Doctrine even if it does not violate the Establishment Clause or the Free Exercise Clause as incorporated by the Fourteenth Amendment. State action that discriminates on the basis of religion should be subject to strict scrutiny and should almost always be held unconstitutional. We thus challenge the Supreme Court's recent decision in Christian Legal Society v. Martinez in which a 5 to 4 majority of the Court wrongly allowed a California state school to discriminate against a Christian Legal Society chapter …
A Tort Statute, With Aliens And Pirates, Eugene Kontorovich
A Tort Statute, With Aliens And Pirates, Eugene Kontorovich
Faculty Working Papers
The pirates of the Caribbean are back. Not in another fantastical film but in the litigation over the reach of the Alien Tort Statute (ATS). For the first time since they dealt with the legal issues raised by a wave of maritime predation in the Caribbean in the early nineteenth century, Supreme Court justices are seriously discussing piracy. This crime has emerged as the test case for evaluating the major controversies about the reach of the statute -- namely, extraterritorial application and the existence of corporate liability. At oral argument in Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Shell, justices of all persuasions …
Narrative And Drama In The American Trial, Robert P. Burns
Narrative And Drama In The American Trial, Robert P. Burns
Faculty Working Papers
This short essay summarizes an understanding of the trial as a medium in which law is realized or actualized, rather than imposed or enforced. It suggests that we should pay close attention to the actual practices that prevail at trial, its "consciously structured hybrid" of languages and practices, if we want to understand the nature of law.
Bad News For Everybody: Lawson And Kopel On Health Care Reform And Originalism, Andrew M. Koppelman
Bad News For Everybody: Lawson And Kopel On Health Care Reform And Originalism, Andrew M. Koppelman
Faculty Working Papers
Gary Lawson & David Kopel's Bad News for Professor Koppelman: The Incidental Unconstitutionality of the Individual Mandate argues, on the basis of recent research, that the Necessary and Proper Clause incorporates norms from eighteenth-century agency law, administrative law, and corporate law, and that the mandate (and perhaps much else in the U.S. Code, though they are coy about this) violates those norms. The Necessary and Proper Clause, as they understand it, tightly limits the scope of implied powers. These claims are obscure even on their own terms. It is mysterious how we are to know whether the power to impose …
Empirical Studies Of Contract, Zev J. Eigen
Empirical Studies Of Contract, Zev J. Eigen
Faculty Working Papers
Since the mid 2000s, a cottage industry has slowly blossomed of empirical research dedicated to advancing accounts of contracts "on the books"--accounting for what contracts tend to purportedly obligate signers to do, and contracts "in action"--accounting for how contracting parties tend to behave. This article reviews this literature, which spans several disciplines, most notably law, economics, and management, identifying eight categories of empirical questions in common across all disciplines, highlighting key findings, points of consensus, and noting areas most pressingly in need of additional research.
Originalism And Loving V. Virginia, Steven G. Calabresi, Andrea Matthews
Originalism And Loving V. Virginia, Steven G. Calabresi, Andrea Matthews
Faculty Working Papers
This article makes an originalist argument in defense of the Supreme Court's holding in Loving v. Virginia that antimiscegenation laws are unconstitutional. This article builds on past work by Professor Michael McConnell defending Brown v. Board of Education on originalist grounds and by Professor Calabresi defending strict scrutiny for gender classifications on originalist grounds. Professor Calabresi's work in this area was defended and praise recently by Slate magazine online. The article shows that Loving v. Virginia is defensible using the public meaning originalism advocated for by Justices Antonin Scalia and Clarence Thomas. This article shows that the issue in Loving …
Soul Of A Woman: The Sex Stereotyping Prohibition At Work, Kimberly A. Yuracko
Soul Of A Woman: The Sex Stereotyping Prohibition At Work, Kimberly A. Yuracko
Faculty Working Papers
In 1989 the Supreme Court in Price Waterhouse v. Hopkins declared that sex stereotyping was a prohibited from of sex discrimination at work. This seemingly simple declaration has been the most important development in sex discrimination jurisprudence since the passage of Title VII. It has been used to extend the Act's coverage and protect groups that were previously excluded. Astonishingly, however, the contours, dimensions and requirements of the prohibition have never been clearly articulated by courts or scholars. In this paper I evaluate four interpretations of what the sex stereotyping prohibition might mean in order to determine what it actually …
Why Mortgage "Formalities" Matter, David A. Dana
Why Mortgage "Formalities" Matter, David A. Dana
Faculty Working Papers
This Article argues that adherence to mortgage formalities regarding foreclosure is valuable for expressive reasons and also as a potential deterrent to future undesirable underwriting and securitization practices. The Article reviews how some courts have in effect written procedural requirements for foreclosure out of the law, and asks why these courts have done so and whether lenders' behavior might have been improved during this housing crisis had the state courts uniformly afforded equal respect to the legal rights of homeowners and those of lenders.
The Penalties For Piracy: An Empirical Study Of National Prosecution Of International Crime, Eugene Kontorovich
The Penalties For Piracy: An Empirical Study Of National Prosecution Of International Crime, Eugene Kontorovich
Faculty Working Papers
This Article examines the sentences imposed by courts around the world in prosecutions of Somali pirates captured on the high seas. Somali piracy has become perhaps the highest-volume area of international criminal law by national courts. As with other international crimes, international law is silent on the subject of penalties. The large number of parallel prosecutions of offenders from a single international "situation" offers an empirical window into the interactions between international and national law in municipal courts; into factors affecting punishment for international crimes and the hierarchy of international offenses; and of course into potential concerns with the current …
The Multiple Roles Of International Courts And Tribunals: Enforcement, Dispute Settlement, Constitutional And Administrative Review, Karen J. Alter
The Multiple Roles Of International Courts And Tribunals: Enforcement, Dispute Settlement, Constitutional And Administrative Review, Karen J. Alter
Faculty Working Papers
This chapter is part of an upcoming interdisciplinary volume on international law and politics. The chapter defines four judicial roles states have delegated to international courts (ICs) and documents the delegation of dispute settlement, administrative review, enforcement and constitutional review jurisdiction to ICs based on a coding of legal instruments defining the jurisdiction of 25 ICs. I show how the design of ICs varies by judicial role and argue that the delegation of multiple roles to ICs helps explain the shift in IC design to include compulsory jurisdiction and access for nonstate actors to initiate litigation. I am interested in …
Monopolies And The Constitution: A History Of Crony Capitalism, Steven G. Calabresi, Larissa Price
Monopolies And The Constitution: A History Of Crony Capitalism, Steven G. Calabresi, Larissa Price
Faculty Working Papers
This article explores the right of the people to be free from government granted monopolies or from what we would today call "Crony Capitalism." We trace the constitutional history of this right from Tudor England down to present day state and federal constitutional law. We begin with Darcy v. Allen (also known as the Case of Monopolies decided in 1603) and the Statute of Monopolies of 1624, both of which prohibited English Kings and Queens from granting monopolies. We then show how the American colonists relied on English rights to be free from government granted monopolies during the Revolutionary War …
Justice Stevens, Religious Enthusiast, Andrew M. Koppelman
Justice Stevens, Religious Enthusiast, Andrew M. Koppelman
Faculty Working Papers
It is sometimes alleged that Justice John Paul Stevens is hostile to religion. In fact, however, Justice Stevens espouses a position with religious roots and enthusiastically embraces a distinct conception of religion. This casts doubt on the claim, made in different ways by Eduardo Penalver and Christopher Eisgruber, that the fundamental concern of his religion clause jurisprudence is equality. At least as important to him is protecting religion from corruption by the state.
Stevens's position, in order to be consistent, ought to acknowledge, more forthrightly than he does, that it treats religion as a distinctive human good. Any notion of …
Blaming As A Social Process: The Influence Of Character And Moral Emotion On Blame, Janice Nadler
Blaming As A Social Process: The Influence Of Character And Moral Emotion On Blame, Janice Nadler
Faculty Working Papers
For the most part, the law eschews the role of moral character in legal blame. But when we observe an actor who causes harm, legal and psychological blame processes are in tension. Procedures for legal blame assume an assessment of the actor's mental state, and ultimately of responsibility, that is independent of the moral character of the actor. In this paper, I present experimental evidence to suggest that perceptions of intent, foreseeability, and possibly causation can be colored by independent reasons for thinking the actor is a bad person, and are mediated by the experience of negative moral emotion. Our …
Discretion, Delegation, And Defining In The Constitution's Law Of Nations Clause, Eugene Kontorovich
Discretion, Delegation, And Defining In The Constitution's Law Of Nations Clause, Eugene Kontorovich
Faculty Working Papers
Never in the nation's history has the scope and meaning of Congress's power to "Define and Punish. . . Offenses Against the Law of Nations" mattered as much. The once obscure power has in recent years been exercised in broad and controversial ways, ranging from civil human rights litigation under the Alien Tort Statue (ATS) to military commissions trials in Guantanamo Bay. Yet it has not yet been recognized that these issues both involve the Offenses Clauses, and indeed raise common constitutional questions.First, can Congress only "Define" offenses that clearly already exist in international law, or does it have discretion …
Convenient Scapegoats: Juvenile Confessions And Exculpatory Dna In Cook County, Il, Joshua A. Tepfer, Craig M. Cooley, Tara Thompson
Convenient Scapegoats: Juvenile Confessions And Exculpatory Dna In Cook County, Il, Joshua A. Tepfer, Craig M. Cooley, Tara Thompson
Faculty Working Papers
In the Winter of 2011-2012, in two different cases known as the Dixmoor Five and the Englewood Four, nine men were exonerated of rapes and murders based on exculpatory post-conviction DNA testing. Seven of these nine men actually confessed to the crime. This article explores these two cases and how the Cook County law enforcement agencies, including the State's Attorney's Office, dealt with the powerful new DNA results.
Respect And Contempt In Constitutional Law, Or, Is Jack Balkin Heartbreaking?, Andrew M. Koppelman
Respect And Contempt In Constitutional Law, Or, Is Jack Balkin Heartbreaking?, Andrew M. Koppelman
Faculty Working Papers
How many constitutions have we? Part of what we hope for from constitutional law is that we be united, despite our political differences, by a unifying political charter. John Rawls speaks for many when he writes that a well-ordered society "is a society all of whose members accept, and know that the others accept, the same principles (the same conception) of justice."
Jack Balkin argues that we have to give up on the Rawlsian aspiration, and learn to live in a world where, at a fundamental level, our fellow citizens are strange to us. They believe in different principles than …
Adjudicated Juveniles And Post-Conviction Litigation, Joshua A. Tepfer, Laura H. Nirider
Adjudicated Juveniles And Post-Conviction Litigation, Joshua A. Tepfer, Laura H. Nirider
Faculty Working Papers
Post-conviction relief is a vital part of the American justice system. By filing post-conviction petitions after the close of direct appeal, defendants can raise claims based on evidence outside the record that was not known or available at the time of trial. One common use of post-conviction relief is to file a claim related to a previously unknown constitutional violation that occurred at trial, such as ineffective assistance of counsel. If a defendant's trial attorney performed ineffectively by failing to call, for instance, an alibi witness, then that omission is unlikely to be reflected in the trial record -- but …
The Chief Or The Court: Article Ii And The Appointment Of Inferior Judicial Officers, James E. Pfander
The Chief Or The Court: Article Ii And The Appointment Of Inferior Judicial Officers, James E. Pfander
Faculty Working Papers
Each year, the Chief Justice of the United States makes a number of appointments to offices within the Article III judicial establishment. On its face, such a Chief-based appointment practice seems hard to square with the text of Article II, which provides for the appointment of inferior officers by the "courts of law." Scholars have noted the switch from a court-based to a Chief-based appointment system, but generally regard the Chief's authority as constitutionally benign. This Essay explores the origins of the Constitution's choice of the "courts" as the repository of appointment power. The decision was made against the backdrop …