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Articles 1 - 30 of 57
Full-Text Articles in Law
A Dilemma Of Doctrinal Design: Rights, Identity And The Work-Family Conflict, Lauren Sudeall
A Dilemma Of Doctrinal Design: Rights, Identity And The Work-Family Conflict, Lauren Sudeall
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
This symposium article suggests that with regard to the work-family conflict, we may have exhausted doctrine’s potential in setting a constitutional foundation for women to be treated as equals in the workplace and requiring that they not be discriminated against in the event that they decide to start a family. For purposes of this piece, those accomplishments constitute the first phase or “first generation” of progress. This article is concerned with how doctrine relates to “second generation” issues arising from the work-family conflict: how to balance work and family once some initial level of equality has been achieved; how to …
Reclaiming Equality To Reframe Indigent Defense Reform, Lauren Sudeall
Reclaiming Equality To Reframe Indigent Defense Reform, Lauren Sudeall
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
Equal access to resources is fundamental to meaningful legal representation, yet for decades, equality arguments have been ignored in litigating indigent defense reform. At a time when underfunded indigent defense systems across the country are failing to provide indigent defendants with adequate representation, the question of resources is even more critical. Traditionally, advocates seeking indigent defense reform have relied on Sixth Amendment arguments to protect the rights of indigents in this context; however, the Sixth Amendment approach suffers from a number of shortcomings that have made it a poor tool for systemic reform, including its exclusive focus on attorney performance …
Is High-Altitude Mountaineering Russian Roulette?, Edward K. Cheng
Is High-Altitude Mountaineering Russian Roulette?, Edward K. Cheng
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
Whether the nature of the risks associated with climbing high-altitude (8000 m) peaks is in some sense “controllable” is a longstanding debate in the mountaineering community. Well-known mountaineers David Roberts and Ed Viesturs explore this issue in their recent memoirs. Roberts views the primary risks as “ objective ” or uncontrollable, whereas Viesturs maintains that experience and attention to safety can make a significant difference. This study sheds light on the Roberts-Viesturs debate using a comprehensive dataset of climbing on Nepalese Himalayan peaks. To test whether the data is consistent with a constant failure rate model (Roberts) or a decreasing …
Rehnquist And Panvasive Searches, Christopher Slobogin
Rehnquist And Panvasive Searches, Christopher Slobogin
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
In the history of the Supreme Court, William Rehnquist may have been the least friendly justice toward the view that the Fourth Amendment should be read expansively. Even he, however, might have interpreted the amendment to place more restrictions on modern law enforcement techniques than current caselaw does. Relying on a 1974 article authored by Rehnquist, this essay, written for a symposium on Rehnquist and the Fourth Amendment, describes his views on the types of requirements the Fourth Amendment imposes on the police, how decriminalization can protect privacy, and most importantly, why Rehnquist might have been willing to regulate surveillance …
Preemption Under The Controlled Substances Act, Robert A. Mikos
Preemption Under The Controlled Substances Act, Robert A. Mikos
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
States are conducting increasingly bold experiments with their marijuana laws, but questions linger over their authority to deviate from the federal Controlled Substances Act. The CSA bans marijuana outright, and commentators have assumed that Congress sought to preempt all state laws that might somehow conflict with the CSA. Under the preemption rule now in vogue, state marijuana reforms are preempted if they either require someone to violate the CSA or, more controversially, if they pose an obstacle to Congress’s objective of eradicating marijuana. Seeking to avoid such conflicts, government officials have scuttled a number of important state marijuana reforms. This …
The Problematic Case Of Clearinghouses In Complex Markets, Yesha Yadav
The Problematic Case Of Clearinghouses In Complex Markets, Yesha Yadav
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
This Article challenges the academic and policy consensus that clearinghouses adequately mitigate the risks of trading credit derivatives. The Article advances two arguments. First, scholars have devoted little attention to the risks posed by underlying assets (e.g. a mortgage loan) that the credit derivative references and the impact that these have on the clearinghouse. Credit derivatives enable the economic risk of debt to be separated from the legal rights attaching to that debt. This separation impacts the clearinghouse profoundly. As a contract party to each trade it processes, the clearinghouse can be saddled with economic risk of underlying debt without …
Corporate Personhood And The Corporate Persona, Margaret M. Blair
Corporate Personhood And The Corporate Persona, Margaret M. Blair
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
In 2010, the U.S. Supreme Court held in Citizens United v. FEC that restrictions on corporate political speech were unconstitutional because of the First Amendment rights granted corporations as a result of their status as "persons" under the law. Following this decision, debate has been rekindled among legal scholars about the meaning of "corporate personhood." This debate is not new. Over the past two centuries, scholars have considered what corporate personhood means and entails. This debate has resulted in numerous theories about corporate personhood that have come into and out of favor over the years, including the "artificial person" theory, …
Making Money: Leverage And Private Sector Money Creation, Margaret M. Blair
Making Money: Leverage And Private Sector Money Creation, Margaret M. Blair
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
In the wake of the financial crisis of 2008-2009, practitioners and theorists in law, finance, and economics are rethinking our theories about how the financial sector influences the real economy. In particular, they are reexamining the linkages among financial innovation, supply of credit and money, monetary policy, bubbles, financial stability, and economic growth. One of the key issues that is being reconsidered is the dynamics of how banks and other financial institutions drive credit creation and credit allocation, and how these factors, in turn affect the performance of the macroeconomy. In this article, I argue that, by providing an alternative …
The Benefits Of Mortality Risk Reduction: Happiness Surveys Vs. The Value Of A Statistical Life, W. Kip Viscusi
The Benefits Of Mortality Risk Reduction: Happiness Surveys Vs. The Value Of A Statistical Life, W. Kip Viscusi
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
A principal component of many benefit-cost analyses (BCAs) of health, safety, and environmental regulations is the valuation of the fatality risk effects of the underlying policy. Government agencies currently value these expected effects using estimates of the value of a statistical life (VSL), that is, the tradeoff rate between money and very small risks of death. This measure corresponds to BCA's theoretically appropriate benefits measure, which is society's willingness to pay for the risk reduction. Here, I will review the VSL approach, compare it to suggested alternatives that use happiness measures of well-being, and address some of the misunderstandings that …
A Normalized Scoring Model For Law School Competitions, Edward K. Cheng, Scott J. Farmer
A Normalized Scoring Model For Law School Competitions, Edward K. Cheng, Scott J. Farmer
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
Although the focus in this Article is moot court scoring, one can envision many other instances of law school assessment in which such a normalization problem arises. Law review competitions also involve different sets of graders, whose subjective determinations must be reasonably commensurate to make fair comparisons. Even more intriguing, although presenting a more complicated problem, law school grades suffer the same normalization concern. Courses feature material with different degrees of difficulty, attract different pools of students, and are taught by different instructors. Yet, class rank and graduation honors are ultimately calculated under the assumption that all grades are commensurate. …
Statutory Interpretation From The Inside--An Empirical Study Of Congressional Drafting, Delegation, And The Canons: Part I, Lisa Schultz Bressman, Abbe R. Gluck
Statutory Interpretation From The Inside--An Empirical Study Of Congressional Drafting, Delegation, And The Canons: Part I, Lisa Schultz Bressman, Abbe R. Gluck
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
What role should the realities of the legislative drafting process play in the theories and doctrines of statutory interpretation and administrative law? The ongoing debates frequently turn on empirical assumptions about how Congress drafts and what interpretive rules Congress knows, but there has been almost no testing of whether any of these assumptions reflect legislative reality. We have attempted to fill that void. This is the first of two Articles reporting the results of the most extensive empirical study to date — a survey of 137 congressional counsels drawn from both parties, both chambers of Congress and spanning multiple committees …
Patient Awareness And Approval For An Opt-Out Genomic Biorepository, Ellen Wright Clayton, Kyle B. Brothers, Matthew J. Westbrook, M. Francis Wright, John A. Myers, Daniel R. Morrison, Jennifer L. Madison, Jill M. Pulley
Patient Awareness And Approval For An Opt-Out Genomic Biorepository, Ellen Wright Clayton, Kyle B. Brothers, Matthew J. Westbrook, M. Francis Wright, John A. Myers, Daniel R. Morrison, Jennifer L. Madison, Jill M. Pulley
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
Aim: In this study, we sought to assess patient awareness and perceptions of an opt-out biorepository. Materials & methods: We conducted exit interviews with adult patients and parents of pediatric patients having their blood drawn as part of their clinical care at Vanderbilt University Medical Center (TN, USA). Results: 32.9% of all patients and parents of pediatric patients report having heard of the opt-out biorepository, while 92.4% approve of this research effort based on a brief description. Awareness that leftover blood could be used for research increased among adult patients during the study period, from 34.3 to 50.0%. Conclusion: These …
Seeking Genomic Knowledge: The Case For Clinical Restraint, Ellen Wright Clayton, Wylie Burke, Susan Brown Trinidad
Seeking Genomic Knowledge: The Case For Clinical Restraint, Ellen Wright Clayton, Wylie Burke, Susan Brown Trinidad
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
Genome sequencing technology provides new and promising tests for clinical practice, including whole genome sequencing, which measures an individual's complete DNA sequence, and whole exome sequencing, which measures the DNA for all genes coding for proteins. These technologies make it possible to test for multiple genes in a single test, which increases the efficiency of genetic testing. However, they can also produce large amounts of information that cannot be interpreted or is of limited clinical utility. This additional information could be distracting for patients and clinicians, and contribute to unnecessary healthcare costs. The potential for genomic sequencing to improve care …
Community Control Over Camera Surveillance: A Response To Bennett Capers's "Crime, Surveillance, And Communities", Christopher Slobogin
Community Control Over Camera Surveillance: A Response To Bennett Capers's "Crime, Surveillance, And Communities", Christopher Slobogin
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
Professor Capers's article helps stimulate thinking about the way in which community views and individual rights interact. In my view, where police propose to conduct surveillance of groups, as occurs with camera surveillance (including the newly developing drone camera systems)', the affected group should be heavily involved in the authorization process. If the surveillance is authorized, care must be taken to ensure that all members of the group are equally affected by it unless and until individualized suspicion, proportionate to the intrusion, develops. That formula ensures that the interests of both the collective and the individual are protected.
Putting Desert In Its Place, Christopher Slobogin, Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein
Putting Desert In Its Place, Christopher Slobogin, Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
Based on an impressive array of studies, Paul Robinson and his coauthors have developed a new theory of criminal justice, which they call empirical desert. The theory asserts that, because people are more likely to be compliant with a legal regime that is perceived to be morally credible, a criminal justice system that tracks empirically derived lay views about how much punishment is deserved is the most efficient way of achieving utilitarian goals, or at least is as efficient at crime prevention as a system that focuses solely on deterrence and incapacitation. This Article describes seven original studies that test …
The Exclusionary Rule: Is It On Its Way Out? Should It Be?, Christopher Slobogin
The Exclusionary Rule: Is It On Its Way Out? Should It Be?, Christopher Slobogin
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
This symposium, comprising six articles in addition to this one, was triggered by a spate of Supreme Court opinions occurring over the last seven years, all of which raise the two questions in the title to this article (which is also the title of the symposium). Since 1974, when United States v. Calandra definitively established deterrence as the primary objective of the suppression remedy, the Court has nibbled away at the exclusionary rule from a number of different directions. But the Court's decisions in Hudson v. Michigan (2006), Herring v. United States (2009), and Davis v. United States (2011) reveal …
Treating Juveniles Like Juveniles: Getting Rid Of Transfer And Expanded Adult Court Jurisdiction, Christopher Slobogin
Treating Juveniles Like Juveniles: Getting Rid Of Transfer And Expanded Adult Court Jurisdiction, Christopher Slobogin
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
The number of juveniles transferred to adult court has skyrocketed in the past two decades and has only recently begun to level off. This symposium article argues that, because it wastes resources, damages juveniles, and decreases public safety, transfer should be abolished. It also argues that the diminished culpability rationale that has had much-deserved success at eliminating the juvenile death penalty and mandatory life without parole for juveniles is not likely to have a major impact on the much more prevalent practices of transferring mid- and older-adolescents to adult court and expanding adult court jurisdiction to adolescents; neither the law …
A Pox On Both Your Houses, Suzanna Sherry
A Pox On Both Your Houses, Suzanna Sherry
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
As Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins celebrates its 75th anniversary, it is becoming more apparent that it is on a collision course with itself. The Court keeps trying – and failing – to sort out the tensions within the Erie doctrine and between it and the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The Court’s latest Erie decision, Shady Grove, was yet another attempt to separate substance from procedure and navigate the strait between the Rules of Decision Act and the Rules Enabling Act. It was a disaster, in large part because of the internal incoherence of the Erie doctrine itself and …
Don't Answer That!, Suzanna Sherry
Don't Answer That!, Suzanna Sherry
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
Forget hard cases: "bad" cases make bad law. DaimlerChrysler Corp. v. Bauman, which never should have been filed in a California federal court, has the potential to make very bad law. It is a paradigmatic example of egregious forum shopping that stretches jurisdictional doctrines beyond their limits. And, like other acts of overreaching by overzealous plaintiffs’ attorneys,1 it is likely to come back to haunt not only these plaintiffs but other less manipulative plaintiffs in the future.
Liberty's Safety Net, Suzanna Sherry
Liberty's Safety Net, Suzanna Sherry
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
I am honored and humbled by the breadth and depth of the responses to my essay on judicial activism, including Richard Epstein's very generous introduction. Each of the contributors has packed a tremendous amount of insight and information into an impossibly limited number of words, and the comments will be extremely useful as I go forward with the project of turning the original essay into a book. My essay might be characterized as a rhetorical call to arms, an undifferentiated embrace of judicial activism. Three of the commentators provide very helpful substantive support for the call to arms, and two …
Res Ipsa Loquitur (Or Why The Other Essays Prove My Point), Suzanna Sherry
Res Ipsa Loquitur (Or Why The Other Essays Prove My Point), Suzanna Sherry
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
A Summary Of Why We Need More Judicial Activism, Suzanna Sherry
A Summary Of Why We Need More Judicial Activism, Suzanna Sherry
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
Too much of a good thing can be bad, and democracy is no exception. In the United States, the antidote to what the drafters of the Constitution called “the excess of democracy†is judicial review. Lately, however, judicial review has come under fire. Many on both sides of the political aisle accuse the Supreme Court of being overly activist and insufficiently deferential to the elected representatives of the people. I argue in this essay that criticizing the Court for its activism is exactly backwards: We need more judicial activism, not less. Courts engaging in judicial review are bound to err …
Climate Change Meets The Law Of The Horse, J.B. Ruhl, James Salzman
Climate Change Meets The Law Of The Horse, J.B. Ruhl, James Salzman
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
The climate change policy debate has only recently turned its full attention to adaptation - how to address the impacts of climate change we have already begun to experience and that will likely increase over time. Legal scholars have in turn begun to explore how the many different fields of law will and should respond. During this nascent period, one overarching question has gone unexamined: how will the legal system as a whole organize around climate change adaptation? Will a new distinct field of climate change adaptation law and policy emerge, or will legal institutions simply work away at the …
Harmonizing Distributed Energy And The Endangered Species Act, J.B. Ruhl
Harmonizing Distributed Energy And The Endangered Species Act, J.B. Ruhl
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
This Article explores the intersection of utility-scale wind power development and the Endangered Species Act, which thus far has not been as happy a union as one might expect. Part I provides background on how the ESA and wind power have met in policy, permitting, and litigation. Part II then examines whether wind power (and other renewable energy sources) can and should receive a green pass under the ESA given its unquestioned climate change mitigation benefits, concluding that doing so would face a host of legal and policy concerns. Part III then outlines a model for administrative innovation of ESA …
Reconceptualizing The Burden Of Proof, Edward K. Cheng
Reconceptualizing The Burden Of Proof, Edward K. Cheng
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
The preponderance standard is conventionally described as an absolute probability threshold of 0.5. This Essay argues that this absolute characterization of the burden of proof is wrong. Rather than focusing on an absolute threshold, the Essay reconceptualizes the preponderance standard as a probability ratio and shows how doing so eliminates many of the classical problems associated with probabilistic theories of evidence. Using probability ratios eliminates the so-called Conjunction Paradox, and developing the ratio tests under a Bayesian perspective further explains the Blue Bus problem and other puzzles surrounding statistical evidence. By harmonizing probabilistic theories of proof with recent critiques advocating …
Putting Exclusionary Zoning In Its Place: Affordable Housing And Geographical Scale, Christopher Serkin, Leslie Wellington
Putting Exclusionary Zoning In Its Place: Affordable Housing And Geographical Scale, Christopher Serkin, Leslie Wellington
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
The term “exclusionary zoning” typically describes a particular phenomenon: suburban large-lot zoning that reduces the supply of developable land and drives up housing prices. But exclusionary zoning in its modern form also occurs both within the urban core and region-wide. Exclusionary zoning at the sub-local and regional scales results in property values that fully capitalize the benefits of living in higher-wage regions, and the value of local public goods (like high-quality schools). Lower-income households then cannot meaningfully access those advantages, even if every municipality accommodates its fair share of regional need. The long-standing focus of exclusionary zoning on the content …
Enforcing Effective Assistance After Martinez, Nancy J. King
Enforcing Effective Assistance After Martinez, Nancy J. King
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
This Essay argues that the Court’s effort to expand habeas review of ineffective assistance of counsel claims in Martinez v. Ryan will make little difference in either the enforcement of the right to the effective assistance of counsel or the provision of competent representation in state criminal cases. Drawing upon statistics about habeas litigation and emerging case law, the Essay first explains why Martinez is not likely to lead to more federal habeas grants of relief. It then presents new empirical information about state postconviction review (cases filed, counsel, hearings, and relief rates), post-Martinez decisions, and anecdotal reports from the …
Information Asymmetries In Consumer Credit Markets: Evidence From Payday Lending, Paige Marta Skiba, Will Dobbie
Information Asymmetries In Consumer Credit Markets: Evidence From Payday Lending, Paige Marta Skiba, Will Dobbie
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
Information asymmetries are prominent in theory but difficult to estimate. This paper exploits discontinuities in loan eligibility to test for moral hazard and adverse selection in the payday loan market. Regression discontinuity and regression kink approaches suggest that payday borrowers are less likely to default on larger loans. A $50 larger payday loan leads to a 17 to 33 percent drop in the probability of default. Conversely, there is economically and statistically significant adverse selection into larger payday loans when loan eligibility is held constant. Payday borrowers who choose a $50 larger loan are 16 to 47 percent more likely …
The Presumption Of Patentability, Sean B. Seymore
The Presumption Of Patentability, Sean B. Seymore
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
When the Framers of the United States Constitution granted Congress the authority to create a patent system, they certainty did not envision a patent as an a priori entitlement. As it stands now, anyone who files a patent application on anything is entitled to a presumption of patentability. A patent examiner who seeks to challenge patentability faces the dual burden of building a prima facie case of unpatentability and carrying the ultimate burden of proof. Thus, from the outset, an applicant is in a very good position; but the examiner’s limited resources, time pressures, and production goals tip the scales …
Carrots & Sticks: How Vcs Induce Entrepreneurial Teams To Sell Startups, Brian Broughman, Jesse Fried
Carrots & Sticks: How Vcs Induce Entrepreneurial Teams To Sell Startups, Brian Broughman, Jesse Fried
Vanderbilt Law School Faculty Publications
Venture capitalists (VCs) usually exit their investments in a startup via a trade sale. But the entrepreneurial team – the startup’s founder, other executives, and common shareholders – may resist a trade sale. Such resistance is likely to be particularly intense when the sale price is low relative to VCs’ liquidation preferences. Using a hand-collected dataset of Silicon Valley firms, we investigate how VCs overcome such resistance. We find, in our sample, that VCs give bribes (carrots) to the entrepreneurial team in 45% of trade sales; in these sales, carrots total an average of 9% of deal value. The overt …