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Articles 901 - 930 of 1042
Full-Text Articles in Law
The North American Agreement On Labor Cooperation: A New Frontier In North American Labor Relations, Rafael Gely, Leonard Bierman
The North American Agreement On Labor Cooperation: A New Frontier In North American Labor Relations, Rafael Gely, Leonard Bierman
Faculty Publications
During the debate leading to the passage of the North American Free Trade Agreement (“NAFTA”), a great deal of concern focused on the effect that a trade agreement such as the NAFTA might have on workers' rights. As a condition for the ratification of the NAFTA, Congress provided that the treaty would not “enter into force until the three countries enact their own national agreement on labor cooperation.” In response to this concern, the three signatory countries negotiated the North American Agreement on Labor Cooperation (“NAALC” or “Labor Agreement”). The NAALC establishes a formal and elaborate procedure to settle complaints …
Health Care Rationing And Disability Rights, Philip G. Peters Jr.
Health Care Rationing And Disability Rights, Philip G. Peters Jr.
Faculty Publications
This article explores the extent to which federal disability rights law limits the use of effectiveness criteria to allocate health care, either alone or as a part of cost-effectiveness analyses. To be more precise, it considers the circumstances in which disability-based classifications by health plans which would otherwise violate the anti-discrimination laws can be legally and ethically defended by proof that the excluded treatments are less effective than those which are provided. Part I introduces the expanding use of effectiveness analysis in health care, explains its discriminatory potential, and reviews the Oregon experience. Part II outlines the current federal law …
Abortion Counseling As Vice Activity: The Free Speech Implications Of Rust V. Sullivan And Planned Parenthood V. Casey, Christina E. Wells
Abortion Counseling As Vice Activity: The Free Speech Implications Of Rust V. Sullivan And Planned Parenthood V. Casey, Christina E. Wells
Faculty Publications
Part I of this article discusses the Court's opinions in Rust and Casey. It first demonstrates that the driving force in both decisions was the Court's characterization of abortion counseling as an activity rather than as speech. Part I further discusses the speech/conduct distinction in First Amendment jurisprudence and demonstrates that abortion counseling falls on the speech side of that distinction. Parts II and III suggest that the real cause of the conflation of speech and conduct in Rust and Casey was the confluence of (1) the reemergence of reasoning found in a curious commercial speech decision -- Posadas de …
Playing "21" With Narcotics Enforcement: A Response To Professor Carrington (Symposium, Regulatory Future Of Contingent Employment), Frank O. Bowman Iii
Playing "21" With Narcotics Enforcement: A Response To Professor Carrington (Symposium, Regulatory Future Of Contingent Employment), Frank O. Bowman Iii
Faculty Publications
Although I have fundamental disagreements with Professor Carrington even when his argument is reduced to its core, my purpose here is neither to defend every jot and tittle of national drug policy, nor to propose any sweeping personal vision of the place of recreational drugs in America. My ambitions are more modest. I suggest three premises: (1) Intelligent discussion of drug policy requires that we shed the image of law enforcement as warfare. (2) Instead, criminal narcotics prohibitions, penalties, and enforcement methods should be analyzed by the same standards which *939 govern any other type of crime. (3) If antinarcotics …
Will The Federal Courts Of Appeals Perish If They Publish? Or Does The Declining Use Of Opinions To Explain And Justify Judicial Decisions Pose A Greater Threat?, Martha Dragich
Faculty Publications
This Article examines three of those practices: selective publication, summary disposition, and vacatur upon settlement.
A Restatement Of The Supreme Court's Law Of Religious Freedom: Coherence, Conflict Or Chaos?, Carl H. Esbeck
A Restatement Of The Supreme Court's Law Of Religious Freedom: Coherence, Conflict Or Chaos?, Carl H. Esbeck
Faculty Publications
Religious freedom as guaranteed in the First Amendment makes religious pluralism more likely, while pluralism makes the maintenance of religious freedom as a fundamental civil right more necessary. It seems there is a limit, however, to the expansion of America's religious pluralism that, when exceeded, shatters cultural consensus thus rendering impossible the political and civil discourse necessary to sustain democratic institutions.1 This follows because pluralism promises freedom but exacts a price in civic disunity and moral confusion. The question thereby resolves itself into just how a religiously diverse people are to live together, despite their deepest differences, while sharing in …
Through The Looking Glass: Can Title Vii Help Women And Minorities To Shatter The Glass Ceiling, Rafael Gely, Ramona L. Paetzold
Through The Looking Glass: Can Title Vii Help Women And Minorities To Shatter The Glass Ceiling, Rafael Gely, Ramona L. Paetzold
Faculty Publications
The employment patterns of “nontraditional” workers in the United States show two conflicting characteristics. On the one hand, researchers have observed a continuing increase in the rate of participation of nontraditional workers at multiple levels in the work force. For example, the proportion of women white collar workers increased from twenty-two percent in the late 1960s to forty-six percent in 1992. Similarly, the average job tenure for nontraditional workers has also increased. For example, although males in the thirty-five to forty-four year old age group have experienced a small decline in job tenure, women in the same group have seen …
Defensor Fidei: The Travails Of A Post-Realist Formalism, Lyrissa Lidsky
Defensor Fidei: The Travails Of A Post-Realist Formalism, Lyrissa Lidsky
Faculty Publications
This Article probes the philosophical and psychological attractions of formalism and suggests that its promise of stability and order may be essential to the effective functioning of the legal system, even if the promise can never be realized.
Anonymous Campaign Literature And The First Amendment, Erika Lietzan
Anonymous Campaign Literature And The First Amendment, Erika Lietzan
Faculty Publications
Presently, forty-eight states and the District of Columbia have statutes that require the disclosure of some party's identity (for example, an author or a sponsor) on political literature pertaining to elections. The most common explanations given for these statutes are that they deter fraud and libel in the election arena and that they provide valuable information to the voters. Because these statutes regulate core political speech, however, they necessarily implicate the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. Although campaign disclosure laws have been both struck down and sustained by state courts reviewing appealed convictions, the decisions have been disappointingly …
Rethinking Future Advance Mortgages: A Brief For The Restatement Approach, Dale A. Whitman, Grant S. Nelson
Rethinking Future Advance Mortgages: A Brief For The Restatement Approach, Dale A. Whitman, Grant S. Nelson
Faculty Publications
The advantages of such arrangements, under which the mortgagor takes none or only a portion of the loan at the outset but receives the balance in the future, are substantial. The mortgagor saves interest on the unadvanced portion until it is needed and avoids the need to invest this portion at an interest rate that at least equals the rate being paid to the lender. Moreover, both parties avoid the expense and paperwork inherent in refinancing the initial loan or in executing a series of junior mortgages to secure each advance. Finally, in the construction loan context, before committing large …
Comments On A Revised Filing System, R. Wilson Freyermuth
Comments On A Revised Filing System, R. Wilson Freyermuth
Faculty Publications
Professor Edward Adams's article, both in terms of its basic structure and the myriad of options it offers, neatly highlights the basic dilemma facing the Drafting Committee as it addresses the future Article 9 filing system. As he correctly notes, the filing system's shortcomings are largely due to its continued dependence on paper records, despite the increasing sophistication and availability of computerized information technology for both filing and searching. Should the Drafting Committee maintain the basics of the current system (a public, paper-based filing system) and merely attempt to identify and correct the existing shortcomings in that system, with some …
Dynamic Economic Analyses Of Selected Provisions Of Corporate Law: The Absolute Delegation Rule, Disclosure Of Intermediate Estimates And Ipo Pricing, Royce De R. Barondes
Dynamic Economic Analyses Of Selected Provisions Of Corporate Law: The Absolute Delegation Rule, Disclosure Of Intermediate Estimates And Ipo Pricing, Royce De R. Barondes
Faculty Publications
This Article examines three separate aspects of the relationships between corporations and their securityholders from a dynamic economic perspective: (i) the feasibility of permitting shareholders to participate in the management of their corporations through the exercise of voting rights, (ii) Rule 3b-6, the safe harbor for projections (the Safe Harbor)8 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the 1934 Act),9 and (iii) the extraordinary returns available from investing in initial public offerings (IPO's). Three particular dynamic aspects are implicated in these situations.
Antitrust And First Amendment Implications Of Professional Real Estate Investors, Gary Myers
Antitrust And First Amendment Implications Of Professional Real Estate Investors, Gary Myers
Faculty Publications
This article begins with a discussion of the development of Noerr-Pennington immunity as it applies to litigation behavior. Parts III and IV describe the litigation in Professional Real Estate Investors and then analyze the effect of this new decision on predatory litigation law. Part V discusses possible ramifications of the case for other areas of federal and state law in which subjective intent is the sole keystone for the imposition of liability on petitioning activity. Because Professional Real Estate Investors interprets the First Amendment to preclude antitrust liability in these cases, other laws that deter bad faith litigation may no …
Justice Defined - It Takes More Than A Single Opinion To Understand How Legal Reasoning And Personal Experience Shape A 24-Year Career, Richard C. Reuben
Justice Defined - It Takes More Than A Single Opinion To Understand How Legal Reasoning And Personal Experience Shape A 24-Year Career, Richard C. Reuben
Faculty Publications
With his retirement in June after participating in more than 800 cases - including his career-identifying 7-2 opinion in Roe v. Wade legalizing abortion - the definition of Harry Blackmun's tenure lies in the seeming contradiction of commitment and flexibility. Along with a steadfast defense of the right to abortion in Roe, 410 U.S. 113 (1973), and successive cases, Blackmun's significance was in the power of his vote. Often overlooked in the public's emphasis on Roe is an appreciation of Blackmun's reflective, methodical, if not occasionally pointed, jurisprudence.
Providing An Escape For Inner-City Children: Creating A Federal Remedy For Educational Ills Of Poor Urban Schools, Amy J. Schmitz
Providing An Escape For Inner-City Children: Creating A Federal Remedy For Educational Ills Of Poor Urban Schools, Amy J. Schmitz
Faculty Publications
Children in impoverished, urban areas attend dangerous and decrepit schools, where they receive low quality education which fails to prepare them for meaningful participation in the community. Many states, however, provide no legislative or judicial remedy for these children, who desperately need vocational and educational skills to enable them to escape from the deprivation of their urban landscape. Meanwhile, federal officials speak
The Case Of A Lifetime, Richard C. Reuben
The Case Of A Lifetime, Richard C. Reuben
Faculty Publications
There is great difficulty in defining pro bono lawyering. The classic model is the practitioner who devotes time to representing a client in a civil or criminal matter. But some consider other legal relationships pro bono as well, such as service on the boards of directors of nonprofit organizations, legal work at reduced fees, and activities that improve the law and legal profession. In the case of organizations such as the ACLU and the NAACP LDF, pro bono means a mixture of much of the above, as public interest law firms work hand in hand with private lawyers and firms …
Gift Of Life: The Lawyer's Role In Organ And Tissue Donation, David M. English
Gift Of Life: The Lawyer's Role In Organ And Tissue Donation, David M. English
Faculty Publications
At its 1992 Midyear Meeting, the ABA House of Delegates approved a resolution recommending that individual lawyers and the organized bar play an active role in efforts to relieve the current shortage of donated organs and tissue. When fully implemented, these efforts will involve not only lawyers, but also their clients, health care professionals and the general public. The resolution's most ambitious goal is to make organ and tissue donation part of everyday law practice. Lawyers, as a matter of course, should raise the subject of organ and tissue donation when counselling clients on personal planning. But to educate their …
Integrating Legal Writing Into Civil Procedure, Douglas E. Abrams
Integrating Legal Writing Into Civil Procedure, Douglas E. Abrams
Faculty Publications
Law teachers increasingly recognize that practical skills training deserves a place in traditional courses throughout the curriculum.' The literature regularly reports proposals to integrate practical skills components into both first-year and upperclass courses. The array of skills includes mediation, negotiation, interviewing and counseling, writing and drafting, case management, and advocacy
The Bespeaks Caution Doctrine: Revisiting The Application Of Federal Securities Law To Opinions And Estimates, Royce De R. Barondes
The Bespeaks Caution Doctrine: Revisiting The Application Of Federal Securities Law To Opinions And Estimates, Royce De R. Barondes
Faculty Publications
Disclosure of estimates and opinions, which are often referred to as ‘soft information,‘ has presented a number of difficult issues to courts, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and companies issuing offering materials or required to file periodic reports with the SEC. Although this type of information often consists of projections, historical financial statements also include this type of information to varying degrees. For example, a bank's statement of financial position requires specification of loan loss reserves and is therefore dependent on an assessment of future events (the timing and extent of repayment). Similarly, determination of the timing of a …
Small Numbers, Black Men, Precipitous Responses, Big Problems, Michael A. Middleton
Small Numbers, Black Men, Precipitous Responses, Big Problems, Michael A. Middleton
Faculty Publications
Professor Culp has aptly warned us that in our discussion of employment discrimination we should not lose sight of the need to address the spectrum of policies affecting the status of African-Americans. Without serious efforts in all aspects of American life (e.g., housing, education, health care, political and economic empowerment) our chances of significantly improving the future for African-American men are slim.
Legitimacy Of The Constitutional Judge And Theories Of Interpretation In The United States, William B. Fisch, Richard S. Kay
Legitimacy Of The Constitutional Judge And Theories Of Interpretation In The United States, William B. Fisch, Richard S. Kay
Faculty Publications
The Legitimacy of the Constitutional Judge and Theories of Interpretation in the United States The paper addresses the sources of legitimacy of a judge exercising the power to declare acts of government invalid on constitutional grounds, and their relationship to theories of interpretation of the constitutional texts.
Wrong Side Of The Mountain: A Comment On Bad Faith's Unnatural History, Robert H. Jerry Ii
Wrong Side Of The Mountain: A Comment On Bad Faith's Unnatural History, Robert H. Jerry Ii
Faculty Publications
In this Comment, I will argue that courts have ignored bad faith's contractual heritage and have undervalued contract law's ability to respond to insurer misconduct. To draw upon Professor Powers's thoughtful analysis, I believe that courts invoked the tort paradigm before it was clear that the contract paradigm was inadequate. For lack of data, I will stop short of recommending where we should go from here, but I will suggest that our behavior in the face of bad faith liability in tort may have changed no less than the environment and that the perceived relative calm in the tort's current …
Maintaining Order In The Post-Strike Workplace: Employee Expression And The Scope Of Section 7, Lyrissa Lidsky
Maintaining Order In The Post-Strike Workplace: Employee Expression And The Scope Of Section 7, Lyrissa Lidsky
Faculty Publications
In the aftermath of a typical strike, management often seeks to restore order to the workplace by imposing restrictions on employee expression. Although in principle employee expression is protected by section 7 of the National Labor Relations Act, courts, relying on outdated notions of workplace organization, often accept ad hoc management justifications for restrictions on employee expression. The author argues that after a strike, it is crucial for employees to be able to express their grievances or vent their frustrations at exactly the same time that employers feel it necessary to restrict expression as a way of re-imposing order in …
Arbitrability In Recent Federal Civil Rights Legislation: The Need For Amendment, Douglas E. Abrams
Arbitrability In Recent Federal Civil Rights Legislation: The Need For Amendment, Douglas E. Abrams
Faculty Publications
This Article discusses the shortcomings inherent in the consideration and enactment of the arbitrability provisions of the ADA and the 1991 Civil Rights Act. As a threshold matter, Part II demonstrates that the latter Act's textual encouragement of arbitration indicates that Congress misapprehended the effect of Gilmer, which the Supreme Court had decided barely six months before the Act's passage. Specifically, this Part will argue that after Gilmer, textual encouragement of arbitration has little or no greater legal significance than textual silence would have. In the few decades before the decision, textual encouragement would have had significant impact because particular …
An Economic Analysis Of The Potential For Coercion In Consent Solicitations For Bonds, Royce De R. Barondes
An Economic Analysis Of The Potential For Coercion In Consent Solicitations For Bonds, Royce De R. Barondes
Faculty Publications
This Article examines why issuers frequently cannot present bondholders with an offer that draws on collective action problems to force the acceptance of the offer by the bondholders. The analysis is restricted to publicly offered bonds. For a number of reasons, privately placed debt presents fewer opportunities for coercion. A prior business relationship among various purchasers, which facilitates cooperation, may be more likely with respect to privately placed debt. Privately placed debt often has more significant protection for the bondholders than public debt with the same level of seniority
Of Hotel Revenues, Rents, And Formalism In The Bankruptcy Courts: Implications For Reforming Commercial Real Estate Finance, R. Wilson Freyermuth
Of Hotel Revenues, Rents, And Formalism In The Bankruptcy Courts: Implications For Reforming Commercial Real Estate Finance, R. Wilson Freyermuth
Faculty Publications
This article is intended to continue the dialogue begun by the proposed Restatement and has two distinct goals in this effort. Parts I through III argue that the position of the Restatement drafters is both legally and functionally sound and that bankruptcy courts should embrace and apply the proposed Restatement in administering distressed real estate developments. Part I reviews the reasoning articulated in the hotel bankruptcy cases, demonstrating how courts have applied the provisions of the Bankruptcy Code and state law in a formalistic manner to extinguish the hotel mortgagee's lien upon postpetition room revenues. Part II rejects the analysis …
Banning The Cultural Exclusion: Free Trade And Copyrighted Goods, S. I. Strong
Banning The Cultural Exclusion: Free Trade And Copyrighted Goods, S. I. Strong
Faculty Publications
For centuries people have expressed themselves through creative works of art and literature, and since 1557 artists and authors have been able to protect their rights to their creative works through various national copyright laws. National copyright laws basically grant a monopoly in the use of the work to its creator. Copyrighted goods, however, are often easily transported across national boundaries, and thus national copyright laws may provide inadequate copyright protection in the international marketplace. The necessity for international copyright protection has been met to some extent by copyright conventions. International copyright conventions, like national copyright laws, define the scope …
Criminal Discovery In Oklahoma: A Call For Legislative Action, Rodney J. Uphoff
Criminal Discovery In Oklahoma: A Call For Legislative Action, Rodney J. Uphoff
Faculty Publications
This article first explores the Allen decision and the extent to which Allen changed the law of criminal discovery in Oklahoma. Next, the article examines some of the theoretical and practical problems with the Allen procedures as well as the efforts of the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals to address some of the troublesome questions generated by Allen. Finally, the article discusses the need to replace the Allen provisions with a legislative framework that facilitates pretrial access to information and minimizes “trial ambush,” but without compromising the fair and efficient operation of the adversary system.
Proportional Liability: Statistical Evidence And The Probability Paradox, David A. Fischer
Proportional Liability: Statistical Evidence And The Probability Paradox, David A. Fischer
Faculty Publications
Three major policies underlie tort liability: deterrence, compensation, and corrective justice. A primary justification for proportional liability is its alleged superiority in advancing the tort policy of deterrence. This Article demonstrates a significant flaw in this claim by showing that the use of tort liability in multiple cause cases involving statistical evidence in fact serves the policy of deterrence quite poorly.
The Role Of The Federal Magistrate Judge In Civil Justice Reform, R. Lawrence Dessem
The Role Of The Federal Magistrate Judge In Civil Justice Reform, R. Lawrence Dessem
Faculty Publications
This Article considers the role of the United States magistrate judge in civil justice reform and, more specifically, the role that the early implementation districts envision for magistrate judges within their own districts. Part I briefly considers the evolution of the office of magistrate judge prior to the enactment of the Judicial Improvements Act of 1990. Part II addresses the treatment of magistrate judges under that legislation. Next, Part III recounts the roles assigned to magistrate judges under the Civil Justice Reform Act in the individual district courts. These varying uses of magistrate judges then will be critiqued in Part …