Law Commons^™

Are Anti-Retaliation Regulations In Title Vi Or Title Ix Enforceable In A Private Right Of Action: Does Sandoval Or Sullivan Control This Question?, Bradford Mank

Faculty Articles and Other Publications

Recently, the federal circuit courts of appeal have divided in addressing to what extent either Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 or Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 protects those who complain about racial or gender discrimination from retaliation by their employers or schools. Neither Title VI nor Title IX explicitly prohibits retaliation by recipients. However, various federal agencies have issued specific Title VI or IX regulations that explicitly prohibit retaliation by recipients. Title IX "was modeled after Title VI . . ., which is parallel to Title IX except that it prohibits race discrimination, …