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Articles 1 - 30 of 32
Full-Text Articles in Law
Islam And The Death Penalty, William A. Schabas
Islam And The Death Penalty, William A. Schabas
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
Capital punishment is not practiced by a majority of the world's states. Anti-capital punishment domestic policies have led to an international law of human rights that emphatically prohibits cruel and inhuman punishment. International concern for the abolition of capital punishment has prompted Islamic states that still endorse and practice the death penalty to respond with equally compelling concerns based on the tenets of Islamic law. Professor William A. Schabas suggests that Islamic states view capital punishment according to the principles embodied in the Koran. Islamic law functions on the belief that all people have a right to life unless the …
Don't Take His Eye, Don't Take His Tooth, And Don't Cast The First Stone: Limiting Religious Arguments In Capital Cases, John H. Blume, Sheri Lynn Johnson
Don't Take His Eye, Don't Take His Tooth, And Don't Cast The First Stone: Limiting Religious Arguments In Capital Cases, John H. Blume, Sheri Lynn Johnson
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
Professors John H. Blume and Sheri Lynn Johnson explore the occurrences of religious imagery and argument invoked by both prosecutors and defense attorneys in capital cases. Such invocation of religious imagery and argument by attorneys is not surprising, considering that the jurors who hear such arguments are making life and death decisions, and advocates, absent regulation, will resort to such emotionally compelling arguments. Also surveying judicial responses to such arguments in courts, Professors Blume and Johnson gauge the level of tolerance for such arguments in specific jurisdictions. Presenting proposed rules for prosecutors and defense counsel who wish to employ religious …
The Founders Go On-Line: An Original Intent Solution To A Jurisdictional Dilemma, Christine G. Heslinga
The Founders Go On-Line: An Original Intent Solution To A Jurisdictional Dilemma, Christine G. Heslinga
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
The Internet has created a blossoming cyber-economy and a new way of conducting business. Unfortunately for those looking for jurisdictional certainty, however, cyberspace also effectively eliminates geographic boundaries. The unprecedented circumstances set by this new frontier have put federal courts in the unenviable position of deciding whether Internet-based cases meet diversity jurisdiction requirements. Examining the constitutional history and recent use of diversity, this Note argues that the Founders did not foresee an era where every contract or sales case would end up in federal court; rather, they intended diversity jurisdiction to be a rare and perhaps temporary proposition. The author …
Mission Impossible: On Baker, Equal Benefits, And The Imposition Of Stigma, Mark Strasser
Mission Impossible: On Baker, Equal Benefits, And The Imposition Of Stigma, Mark Strasser
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
In Baker v. State, the Vermont Supreme Court held that the state constitution required same-sex couples be afforded the same benefits and protections that married couples receive. While the state did not need to recognize same-sex marriage, at the very least, it needed to create a parallel system providing equal benefits. Professor Mark Strasser argues that a civil union alternative ultimately would not meet the court's requirements because it cannot possibly provide this requisite equality. His central concern is the differing treatment that same-sex marriage and domestic partnerships receive from other states. Additionally, Professor Strasser notes that such a system …
God And The Executioner: The Influence Of Western Religion On The Use Of The Death Penalty, Davison M. Douglas
God And The Executioner: The Influence Of Western Religion On The Use Of The Death Penalty, Davison M. Douglas
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
In this Essay, Professor Douglas conducts an historical review of religious attitudes toward capital punishment and the influence of those attitudes on the state's use of the death penalty. He surveys the Christian Church's strong support for capital punishment throughout most of its history, along with recent expressions of opposition from many Protestant, Catholic, and Jewish groups. Despite this recent abolitionist sentiment from an array of religious institutions, Professor Douglas notes a divergence of opinion between the "pulpit and the pew" as the laity continues to support the death penalty in large numbers. Professor Douglas accounts for this divergence by …
Religious Conservatives And The Death Penalty, Thomas C. Berg
Religious Conservatives And The Death Penalty, Thomas C. Berg
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
With the increased fervor surrounding the death penalty, many religious sects have re-examined their position on this issue. New statistics concerning possible discrimination in the application of the death penalty prompted several religious groups to call for a moratorium on the death penalty. In this Essay, Professor Thomas C. Berg examines how religious conservatives, especially Roman Catholics and evangelical Protestants, have dealt with the recent concerns over the death penalty. Part I of the Essay documents how Roman Catholics and evangelical Protestants traditionally approach the death penalty. In this section, Professor Berg concludes that critics of the death penalty can …
Transcript Of Speech On Religions's Role In The Administration Of The Death Penalty, Pat Robertson
Transcript Of Speech On Religions's Role In The Administration Of The Death Penalty, Pat Robertson
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
No abstract provided.
Introduction To The Symposium: Religion's Role In The Administration Of The Death Penalty, Stephen P. Garvey
Introduction To The Symposium: Religion's Role In The Administration Of The Death Penalty, Stephen P. Garvey
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
No abstract provided.
Abortion, Capital Punishment, And The Politics Of "God's" Will, Kimberly J. Cook
Abortion, Capital Punishment, And The Politics Of "God's" Will, Kimberly J. Cook
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
In her paper, Professor Kimberly J. Cook uses statistics to illustrate the role the Christian Right plays in the public discourse over two issues permeated with religious overtones: abortion and the death penalty. She shows how the Christian Right's approach to these issues is based on an ideological notion of 'Justice " that is primarily focused on vengeance and punishment, to the exclusion of forgiveness. Professor Cook's exploration of the modern roots of this ideology leads to a movement dating from the 1960s known as Christian Reconstructionism, which advocates using state action to enforce its unique interpretation of "God's Will." …
Religious Organizations And The Death Penalty, Robert F. Drinan
Religious Organizations And The Death Penalty, Robert F. Drinan
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
Over the past several years, many questions have been raised concerning the application and effectiveness of the death penalty. Ironically, the Catholic Church, a long-time supporter of the death penalty, has become one of the most vocal critics of the death penalty. In this Essay, Father Robert F. Drinan documents the Church's new-found opposition to the death penalty, and discusses the influence the Church will have on the future of the death penalty.
Capital Punishments And Religious Arguments: An Intermediate Approach, Samuel J. Levine
Capital Punishments And Religious Arguments: An Intermediate Approach, Samuel J. Levine
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
Determining the place and use of capital punishment in the American legal system is a challenging affair and one that is closely associated with and determined by religion's role in American legal decision-making. Both capital punishment and religion are controversial issues, and tend to challenge legal scholars and practitioners about whether they should function together or alone as valid parts of the legal system in the United States. Professor Levine argues that religious arguments should be employed to interpret and explain American legal thought when the need or proper situation arises. He uses capital punishment as an example of how …
Religious Neutrality And The Death Penalty, Arnold H. Loewy
Religious Neutrality And The Death Penalty, Arnold H. Loewy
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
Cases involving the Establishment of Religion Clause predominantly emphasize religious neutrality. Believing this to be normatively correct, Professor Loewy argues for religious neutrality in capital punishment cases. In accordance therewith, he would uphold religious peremptory challenges where a juror's religious belief is related to her death penalty perspective. Professor Loewy agrees with the courts'general willingness to disallow religion as an aggravating factor while allowing it as a mitigating factor. This dichotomy comports with the neutrality principle because aggravating factors, in general, are limited whereas mitigating factors are unlimited.
The Role Of Organized Religions In Changing Death Penalty Debates, Michael L. Radelet
The Role Of Organized Religions In Changing Death Penalty Debates, Michael L. Radelet
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
In his Article, Professor Michael L. Radelet describes a global decline in the use of the death penalty, the United Nation's progressively stronger stance against executions, and a growing opposition to capital punishment in the United States. This decrease is attributed to both empirical studies casting doubt on the death penalty's efficacy in promoting its stated underlying goals, and to the increasingly vocal stance of religious leaders morally opposed to capital punishment. Nevertheless, the decline in other justifications for capital punishment has been met with increasing reliance on retribution as the primary argument in its support. Professor Radelet argues that …
Punishment At All Costs: On Religion, Convicting The Innocent, And Supporting The Death Penalty, Robert L. Young
Punishment At All Costs: On Religion, Convicting The Innocent, And Supporting The Death Penalty, Robert L. Young
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
This Paper explores the impact of the belief structure among white fundamentalist denominations on the support for the death penalty. Professor Robert L. Young observes that the tenets of fundamentalism, as well as the great extent that fundamentalists conform to the positions of their clergy, support this link between fundamentalism and a punitive orientation toward wrongdoers. Professor Young explains that members in white fundamentalist churches, to a greater extent than others, are inclined toward a negative view of human nature, which in turn leads to the belief that letting the guilty go free is a more serious mistake than convicting …
Everyone Benefits, Everyone Pays: Does The Fifth Amendment Mandate Compensation When Property Is Damaged During The Course Of Police Activities?, C. Wayne Owen Jr.
Everyone Benefits, Everyone Pays: Does The Fifth Amendment Mandate Compensation When Property Is Damaged During The Course Of Police Activities?, C. Wayne Owen Jr.
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
The Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution, along with similar provisions in state constitutions, forbids the taking of private property by the government for a public use without just compensation. Despite this protection, many courts have denied takings claims made by innocent third party landowners when police officers caused damage to their property during the course of executing their official duties. These courts held that the damage was not for a "public use" in the narrow sense, and have refused to analyze the claims under takings jurisprudence. This narrow view of "public use" ignores the fact that society as …
Introduction To The Symposium: Executive Privilege And The Clinton Presidency, Iain R. Mcphie
Introduction To The Symposium: Executive Privilege And The Clinton Presidency, Iain R. Mcphie
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
No abstract provided.
Restoring Balance To The Debate Over Executive Privilege: A Response To Berger, Mark J. Rozell
Restoring Balance To The Debate Over Executive Privilege: A Response To Berger, Mark J. Rozell
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
In this Essay, Professor Rozell responds to Raoul Berger 's Executive Privilege: A Constitutional Myth. Berger's work claims that executive privilege does not have a constitutional basis. Addressing Berger's textual, historical, and structural arguments, Professor Rozell argues contrarily that executive privilege is a legitimate power when exercised properly and that to view executive privilege as a constitutional absolute is improper. As such, Professor Rozell recognizes the limits of executive privilege and suggests that it may be subject to a balancing test when weighed against demands for information. He argues that presidents should not use this power to protect information that …
International Security And The War Powers Resolution, Alexander C. Linn
International Security And The War Powers Resolution, Alexander C. Linn
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
In recent history, the authority to commit US. troops to theaters of conflict has shifted from Congress to the President. After the Vietnam War, the War Powers Resolution was written to reestablish balanced authority over war between the political branches of government. In the post-Cold War era, forces frequently are deployed as part of multilateral UN. operations. This trend creates two contradictory needs: first, the need for the Executive to be able to act swiftly and decisively in formulating military commitments to the United Nations, and second, the need for Congress to authorize potentially long-term military deployments. To reconcile these …
Executive Privilege And Interbranch Comity After Clinton, Jonathan L. Entin
Executive Privilege And Interbranch Comity After Clinton, Jonathan L. Entin
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
Although both constitutional theory and practical considerations offer powerful reasons for Congress and the President to prefer negotiation rather than litigation of separation of powers disputes, the Clinton Administration litigated and lost several important cases dealing with presidential power. Some commentators have suggested that these rulings will undermine the presidency for years after Clinton leaves office. Professor Entin assesses some factors, notably the phenomenon of divided government, that might have contributed to the difficulty of reaching interbranch accommodations in recent years and suggests that the long-term implications of the adverse judicial rulings may be less severe than the pessimists fear.
Student Division Symposium Sponsored By The Institute Of The Bill Of Rights Law: Policing Obscenity And Pornography In An Online World, Ann Beeson, Deirdre Mulligan, Bruce Taylor, Bruce Watson, Jonathan Zittrain
Student Division Symposium Sponsored By The Institute Of The Bill Of Rights Law: Policing Obscenity And Pornography In An Online World, Ann Beeson, Deirdre Mulligan, Bruce Taylor, Bruce Watson, Jonathan Zittrain
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
No abstract provided.
Invoking Executive Privilege: Navigating Ticklish Political Waters, Louis Fisher
Invoking Executive Privilege: Navigating Ticklish Political Waters, Louis Fisher
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
In this Article, Louis Fisher acknowledges the constitutional legitimacy of executive privilege, but he argues that legal and political limits render the scope of the privilege narrower than what is commonly believed In support of his argument, he points to early precedents set during the Washington Administration and to congressional leverage over the executive branch. Though he recognizes the executive branch's interest in ensuring that information is disclosed through authorized channels and its concern about disclosures of information that may embarrass the administration or one of its agency's, he asserts that there is no legal or constitutionaI justification for concealing …
Executive Privilege: The Clinton Administration In The Courts, Neil Kinkopf
Executive Privilege: The Clinton Administration In The Courts, Neil Kinkopf
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
Exploring the role of the judicial branch of the federal government in Clinton-era executive privilege claims, Neil Kinkopf suggests that courts have misunderstood executive privilege. Professor Kinkopf points out that federal courts have given different treatment to executive privilege claims asserted in judicial and congressional arenas, protecting the Judiciary from encroachment by the executive branch, while avoiding becoming involved in controversies among the political branches. He argues that the judicial confusion about executive privilege stems from the fact that courts have interpreted cases such as Clinton v. Jones to be about the separation of powers between the executive and judicial …
The Public And Private Lives Of Presidents, Neal Kumar Katyal
The Public And Private Lives Of Presidents, Neal Kumar Katyal
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
Focusing on a frequent theme in the executive privilege arguments advanced by the Clinton Administration, Neal Kumar Katyal explores the distinction drawn between the public and private lives of the President, particularly in the Paula Jones and Monica Lewinsky cases. He argues that the Administration's difficulties in asserting executive privilege claims following these cases demonstrate that the public/private distinction is not entirely valid. He asserts that, unlike members of Congress who have time when they are not in session, the President is unique in that he is office twenty-four hours a day. He argues that this special constitutional status puts …
Restoring The Balance Of Power: Impeachment And The Twenty-Second Amendment, James Randolph Peck
Restoring The Balance Of Power: Impeachment And The Twenty-Second Amendment, James Randolph Peck
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
The recent proceedings against President William Jefferson Clinton brought Congress' impeachment power into the national spotlight. In the public debate on when it is appropriate for Congress to exercise this power, it is important to consider that the Framers gave this power to the legislature principally as a tool to maintain a balance of power between the legislative and executive branches of the federal government. Examining the debates at the Constitutional Convention, this Note details how the Framers deliberately sought to balance the President's term in office and eligibility for re-election with the Congress' impeachment power in order to prevent …
A Story For All Seasons: Akhil Reed Amar On The Bill Of Rights, Michael Kent Curtis
A Story For All Seasons: Akhil Reed Amar On The Bill Of Rights, Michael Kent Curtis
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
No abstract provided.
Federal Jurisdiction Over State Claims To Shipwrecks: Should The Eleventh Amendment Go Down With The Ship?, Mark R. Baumgartner
Federal Jurisdiction Over State Claims To Shipwrecks: Should The Eleventh Amendment Go Down With The Ship?, Mark R. Baumgartner
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
The Eleventh Amendment prohibits citizens from bringing actions in law or equity against individual states in federal courts. The Amendment does not address whether states are subject to federal jurisdiction for actions in admiralty in which both a shipwreck salvor and a state claim title to a shipwreck Analyzing applicable admiralty, federal, and common law in the context of Eleventh Amendment jurisprudence, this Note examines whether the states are subject to pure admiralty actions in federal court by citizen-salvors seeking either title to or reward for salvaging a shipwreck. The original intentions of admiralty law: rewarding salvors for their efforts, …
The Bill Of Rights: Creation And Reconstruction By Akhil Reed Amar
The Bill Of Rights: Creation And Reconstruction By Akhil Reed Amar
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
No abstract provided.
Soldiers For Justice: The Role Of The Tuskegee Airmen In The Desegregation Of The American Armed Forces, F. Michael Higginbotham
Soldiers For Justice: The Role Of The Tuskegee Airmen In The Desegregation Of The American Armed Forces, F. Michael Higginbotham
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
Often noted for their heroic prowess as pilots in World War II, the Tuskegee Airmen served just as nobly fighting racial segregation within the Army. Considered exemplary in its integration today, the armed forces were a testing ground for integration in the middle of the twentieth century. Black officers and enlisted men, putting themselves in harm's way for a segregated United States, rebuked the notion of separate but equal, thereby slowly paving the way for integration in the military, and eventually, the nation. In this Article, F. Michael Higgenbotham examines the history of segregation in the United States Armed Forces …
Comments On Akhil Reed Amar's The Bill Of Rights: Creation And Reconstruction, Melvin I. Urofsky
Comments On Akhil Reed Amar's The Bill Of Rights: Creation And Reconstruction, Melvin I. Urofsky
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
No abstract provided.
Two Degrees Of Speech Protection: Free Speech Through The Prism Of Agricultural Disparagement Laws, Harold M. Wasserman
Two Degrees Of Speech Protection: Free Speech Through The Prism Of Agricultural Disparagement Laws, Harold M. Wasserman
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
In the wake of a 1989 national television broadcast reporting the alleged cancer risk of a chemical applied to apples on trees, many states passed agricultural product disparagement (APD) statutes. These statutes grant civil causes of action to the growers and sellers of perishable food products, against anyone who speaks negatively or disparagingly, without basis in scientific evidence, about the product's safety. In this Article, Howard M Wasserman explores the interplay between the APD statutes and the First Amendment. First, Mr. Wasserman discusses the three categories of restrictions on the freedom of speech, focusing primarily on private civil tort actions …