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Articles 1 - 30 of 337
Full-Text Articles in Law
Creating Land With Artificial Oyster Rings: Legal Challenges From State Owned Bottom Land To Living Shorelines, Faith Parker, Will Reach
Creating Land With Artificial Oyster Rings: Legal Challenges From State Owned Bottom Land To Living Shorelines, Faith Parker, Will Reach
Virginia Coastal Policy Center
The Virginia Sea Grant program approached VCPC to conduct research in partnership with the William & Mary Public Policy Program and a James Madison University (JMU) architecture professor, Jori Erdman. Professor Erdman is researching the viability of creating land with artificial oyster rings based on similar projects seen in Louisiana. Professor Erdman has provided the diagrams of the project used throughout this paper. Ultimately, this paper examines some legal issues raised by the use of these rings to prevent coastal erosion or act as a flooding buffer for commercial or residential buildings. With this goal in mind, this paper addresses …
Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Journal, Volume 12, William & Mary Law School
Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Journal, Volume 12, William & Mary Law School
Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Journal
The Importance of Property Rights
September 29-30, 2022
Panel 1: The Importance of Property Rights: A Tribute to James S. Burling
Panel 3: Roundtable: Emerging Issues in Takings and Property Rights Litigation
Featured Authors (Burling, Kanner, and Valois)
Heirs' Property In Virginia: Filling In The Gaps, J. Noble Pearson, Lillian Coward
Heirs' Property In Virginia: Filling In The Gaps, J. Noble Pearson, Lillian Coward
Virginia Coastal Policy Center
The term heirs’ property refers to land that has been passed down informally for multiple generations through intestate succession. Each generation of intestate succession can drastically increase the number of heirs who own the property as tenants-in-common to the point that many may not even know their heirship status. This clouds the title to the property and makes ownership more fractionalized. Because heirs’ property exists outside of the official estate and title systems, owners are vulnerable both at the community and individual levels for three main reasons.
First, and most importantly, heirs’ property is a leading cause of involuntary Black …
Blockchain Real Estate And Nfts, Juliet M. Moringiello, Christopher K. Odinet
Blockchain Real Estate And Nfts, Juliet M. Moringiello, Christopher K. Odinet
William & Mary Law Review
Non-fungible tokens (popularly known as NFTs) and blockchains are frequently promoted as the solution to a multitude of property ownership problems. The promise of an immutable blockchain is often touted as a mechanism to resolve disputes over intangible rights, notably intellectual property rights, and even to facilitate quicker and easier real estate transactions.
In this Symposium Article, we question the use of distributed ledger technologies as a method of facilitating and verifying the transfer of physical assets. As our example of an existing transfer method, we use real property law, which is characterized by centuries-old common law rules regarding fractionalized …
Comparing & Contrasting Economic And Natural Law Approaches To Policymaking, Eric Kades
Comparing & Contrasting Economic And Natural Law Approaches To Policymaking, Eric Kades
Faculty Publications
Eric Claeys’s monograph, Natural Property Rights, offers a comprehensive and thoughtful articulation of a general theory of property rights rooted in the natural law tradition. This detailed review compares Claeys’s work with the consequentialist law and economics perspective on property. After contrasting their objectives, assumptions, and methodologies this article concludes that, unlike more absolutist approaches, Claeys’s flavor of natural property rights places a modicum of weight on the welfare effects central to economic analysis. This restrained nod in the direction of practicality, however, does not eliminate some of the long-known weaknesses of natural law. Perhaps the most glaring gap …
A New Takings Clause? The Implications Of Cedar Point Nursery V. Hassid For Property Rights And Moratoria, Benjamin Alexander Mogren
A New Takings Clause? The Implications Of Cedar Point Nursery V. Hassid For Property Rights And Moratoria, Benjamin Alexander Mogren
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
In part, the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution holds that “no person . . . shall [have their] private property . . . taken for public use, without just compensation.” In Cedar Point Nursery v. Hassid, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that “a California regulation that permits union organizers to enter the property of agricultural business to talk with employees about supporting a union is unconstitutional.” The purpose of this Note is to discuss what Cedar Point Nursery means generally for the future of Takings Clause analysis and will argue that Cedar Point Nursery should be seen as a …
Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Journal, Volume 11, William & Mary Law School
Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Journal, Volume 11, William & Mary Law School
Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Journal
The Role of Empirical Research
September 30-October 1, 2021
Panel 1: The Role of Empirical Research in Defining the Scope of Constitutionally Protected Property Rights: A Tribute to Been
Panel 2: The Relationship Between Eminent Domain and Social and Racial Injustice
Panel 3: The Interdependence of Property and First Amendment Rights
Panel 4: The Distributional Implications of Land Use Regulation
Stale Real Estate Convenants, Robert C. Ellickson
Stale Real Estate Convenants, Robert C. Ellickson
William & Mary Law Review
Since the 1970s, covenants running with the land have tethered a large majority of the new housing units produced in the United States. These private restraints usually continue for generations, until a majority or supermajority of covenant beneficiaries affirmatively vote to amend or terminate them. Covenants interact with public land use controls, particularly zoning ordinances. Zoning politics tends to freeze land uses in urban America, particularly in existing neighborhoods of single-family homes. This Article investigates to what extent covenants exacerbate the zoning freeze. It provides a history of the use of private covenants and suggests how drafters, judges, and legislators …
Property Law For The Ages, Michael C. Pollack, Lior Jacob Strahilevitz
Property Law For The Ages, Michael C. Pollack, Lior Jacob Strahilevitz
William & Mary Law Review
Within the next forty years, the number of Americans over age sixty-five is projected to nearly double. This seismic demographic shift will necessitate a reckoning in several areas of law and policy, but property law is especially unprepared. Built primarily for young and middle-aged white men, the common law of property has been critiqued for decades for the ways in which it oppresses or simply leaves behind people based on their race, sex, Native heritage, and more. This Article contributes a new focus on property law’s treatment of people based on their advanced age. Burdened by higher relocation costs, more …
Reforming The Visual Artists Rights Act To Protect #Streetart In The Digital Age, Ellen Matthews
Reforming The Visual Artists Rights Act To Protect #Streetart In The Digital Age, Ellen Matthews
William & Mary Law Review
Consider the following: Building Owner commissions Artist to paint a mural on the wall of his building. A decade later, Business buys that building from Building Owner and, unaware of details relative to Artist’s wall mural, develops plans to renovate the building for a new use. Upon hearing of Business’s attempt to alter its newly acquired property, Artist seeks an injunction to prevent Business from restoring its building in a way that would change or destroy her mural. Would a court prevent Business from altering its building due to Artist’s moral rights to her work? If the court follows the …
Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Journal, Volume 10, William & Mary Law School
Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Journal, Volume 10, William & Mary Law School
Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Journal
Where Theory Meets Practice
October 1-2, 2020
Panel 1: Where Theory Meets Practice: A Tribute to Henry E. Smith
Panel 2: The Housing Crisis
Lunch Roundtable: Emerging Issues in Takings and Eminent Domain Law
Panel 3: The Reach of Government's Confiscatory Powers Over Exigencies and Emergencies
Panel 4: The Risk of Unjust Compensation
Evaluating Emergency Takings: Flattening The Economic Curve, Robert H. Thomas
Evaluating Emergency Takings: Flattening The Economic Curve, Robert H. Thomas
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
Desperate times may breed desperate measures, but when do desperate measures undertaken as a response to an emergency trigger the Fifth Amendment’s requirement that the government provides just compensation when it takes private property for public use? The answer to that question has commonly been posed as a choice between the “police power”—a sovereign government’s power to regulate property’s use in order to further the public health, safety, and welfare—and the eminent domain power, the authority to seize private property for public use with the corresponding requirement to pay compensation. But that should not be the question. After all, emergencies …
Under The River And Through The Common Law: Analyzing The Impacts And Propensity Of State Adoption Of The Ppl Montana Navigability-For-Title Standard, Jessica Kraus
William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review
No abstract provided.
U.S. Property Law: A Revised View, Kamaile A.N. Turčan
U.S. Property Law: A Revised View, Kamaile A.N. Turčan
William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review
No abstract provided.
A Strange Land And A Peculiar Problem: Using Local Knowledge To Resolve Ambiguous Property Descriptions In Appalachia, William L. Spotswood
A Strange Land And A Peculiar Problem: Using Local Knowledge To Resolve Ambiguous Property Descriptions In Appalachia, William L. Spotswood
William & Mary Law Review Online
Conveying property in Appalachia can be somewhat like a box of chocolates: “You never know what you’re gonna get.” Carved by ancient rivers and winding streams, the seemingly never-ending “hollers” and hills of Appalachia can disorient even the best navigator. Couple the region’s rugged topography with an already ambiguous demarcation system, and properties once mapped by metes and bounds descriptions become impossible to re-create with any sort of certainty. Thus, though rooted in a desire for clarity, the combination of mountainous terrain and imperfect demarcation results in a property system riddled with ambiguity. Due to this inherent definitional problem in …
The Importance Of Viewing Property As A System, Lynda L. Butler
The Importance Of Viewing Property As A System, Lynda L. Butler
Faculty Publications
Can--or should--the American property system adapt to curb the excesses inherent in the dominant form of capitalism? Those extolling the virtues of privatization of resources would likely answer in the negative. Such a response would ignore the core functions and infrastructure of the American institution of property. This Article discusses the structure of property that enables property law to evolve over time, reacting to changing conditions, recognizing informal customs and usages, and otherwise taking into account important feedbacks. It explains how property provides an ordering system of concepts and principles that define and govern relations between a society and its …
Abandoning Copyright, Dave Fagundes, Aaron Perzanowski
Abandoning Copyright, Dave Fagundes, Aaron Perzanowski
William & Mary Law Review
For nearly two hundred years, U.S. copyright law has assumed that owners may voluntarily abandon their rights in a work. But scholars have largely ignored copyright abandonment, and case law on the subject is fragmented and inconsistent. As a result, abandonment remains poorly theorized, owners can avail themselves of no reliable mechanism to abandon their works, and the practice remains rare. This Article seeks to bring copyright abandonment out of the shadows, showing that it is a doctrine rich in conceptual, normative, and practical significance. Unlike abandonment of real and chattel property, which imposes significant public costs in exchange for …
Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Journal, Volume 9, William & Mary Law School
Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Journal, Volume 9, William & Mary Law School
Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Journal
The State of Regulatory Takings
October 3-4, 2019
Panel 1: The State of Regulatory Takings Jurisprudence: A Tribute to Eagle
Panel 2: Public Resources and Private Rights
Panel 3: Natural Gas and Other Energy Takings: Protecting Private Property Rights When the Public Interest is Promoted By a Non-Governmental Entity
Panel 4: Property and Poverty
Featured Author (Eagle)
A Defense Of The Regulatory Takings Doctrine: A Historical Analysis Of This Conflict Between Property Rights And Public Good And A Prediction For Its Future, Andrew Parslow
William & Mary Environmental Law and Policy Review
Since man first left the state of nature and formed property rights, there have been issues when states desire to use the property of another for what they consider to be the greater good. In their wisdom, the Founding Fathers of the United States built on centuries of historical principles ranging from the Romans to the English and enshrined in the Fifth Amendment the common law notion that “private property [shall not] be taken for public use, without just compensation.” The rise of environmentalism has brought a new frontier to the ancient struggle between the rights of individuals and the …
Third-Party Interests And The Property Law Misfit In Patent Law, Sarah Rajec
Third-Party Interests And The Property Law Misfit In Patent Law, Sarah Rajec
Faculty Publications
Courts and scholars have long parsed the characteristics of patent grants and likened them, alternately, to real or personal property law, monopolies, public franchises and other regulatory grants, or a hybrid of these. The characterizations matter, because they can determine how patents are treated for the purposes of administrative review, limitations, and remedies, inter alia. And these varied treatments in turn affect incentives to innovate. Patents are often likened to real property in an effort to maximize rights and allow inventors to internalize all of the benefits from their activities. And courts often turn first to real property analogies when …
Right On Time: A Reply To Professors Allen, Claeys, Epstein, Gordon, Holbrook, Mossoff, Rose, And Van Houweling, Dotan Oliar, James Y. Stern
Right On Time: A Reply To Professors Allen, Claeys, Epstein, Gordon, Holbrook, Mossoff, Rose, And Van Houweling, Dotan Oliar, James Y. Stern
Faculty Publications
A simple observation started us off in writing Right on Time. Studying and teaching intellectual property law, we noticed striking parallels between traditional first possession rules in property law and analagous rules governing the acquisition of patent, copyright, and trademark rights. We thought that established first possession principles could illuminate the workings of IP law. As we dug in, however, it became increasingly clear that our premise wasn’t quite right. While many penetrating commentators had said many penetrating things about first possession, the leading treatments tended to focus on significant individual aspects of the overall issue. What we could …
Property's Problem With Extremes, Lynda L. Butler
Property's Problem With Extremes, Lynda L. Butler
Faculty Publications
Western-style property systems are ill-equipped to deal with extremes--extreme poverty, extreme wealth, extreme environmental harm. Though they can effectively handle many problems, the current systems are inherently incapable of providing the types of reform needed to address extreme situations that are straining the fabric of societies--situations that are stressing the integrity of core societal and natural systems to the breaking point. The American property system, in particular, is problematic. The system has a long tradition of strong individual rights and relies primarily on the efficiency norm to operate and shape the incentives of rights holders. The economic model that now …
Property Beyond Exclusion, Lee Anne Fennell
Property Beyond Exclusion, Lee Anne Fennell
William & Mary Law Review
Property rights have long been associated with a simple and distinctive technology: exclusion. But technologies can become outdated as conditions change, and exclusion is no exception. Recent decades have featured profound changes that have made exclusion a less useful, less necessary, and more expensive way of regulating access to resources. This Article surveys the prospects for a post-exclusion understanding of real and personal property. It proceeds from the premise that property is built upon complementarities, the nature and scale of which have undergone seismic shifts. Physical boundaries and lengthy claims on resources are designed to group complementary elements together in …
When (And Why) The Levee Breaks: A Suggested Causation Framework For Takings Claims That Arise From Government-Induced Flooding, Charles D. Wallace
When (And Why) The Levee Breaks: A Suggested Causation Framework For Takings Claims That Arise From Government-Induced Flooding, Charles D. Wallace
William & Mary Law Review
In 1968, the United States Army Corps of Engineers finished constructing the seventy-six-mile Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet (MR-GO) navigational channel. Congress authorized the Army Corps of Engineers to begin construction to create a shipping route between New Orleans and the Gulf of Mexico. However, the MRGO also caused significant erosion and other environmental detriments that greatly increased the risk of flooding around its vicinity. The Army Corps of Engineers learned about many of these detriments and risks through numerous studies it conducted between 1998 and 2005, but never fully addressed them.
Hurricane Katrina eventually showcased the MR-GO’s defects in violent fashion. …
Researching And Keeping Up To Date With Real Estate Law In Virginia, Frederick W. Dingledy
Researching And Keeping Up To Date With Real Estate Law In Virginia, Frederick W. Dingledy
Library Staff Publications
No abstract provided.
Murr V. Wisconsin And The Inherent Limits Of Regulatory Takings, Lynda L. Butler
Murr V. Wisconsin And The Inherent Limits Of Regulatory Takings, Lynda L. Butler
Faculty Publications
This article examines the confusion surrounding constitutional protection of property under the substantive due process and takings clauses, using Murr as a springboard for reconsidering the substantive due process/takings distinction and asking whether the regulatory takings doctrine should remain a viable constitutional concept despite its muddled principles. While powerful reasons support treating as compensable economic regulations that are functionally equivalent to physical takings, important differences between physical and regulatory takings need to be recognized as limits to the degree of equivalence possible and therefore to the regulatory takings doctrine. A look back at the evolutionary paths of substantive due process, …
The State Of Exactions, Timothy M. Mulvaney
The State Of Exactions, Timothy M. Mulvaney
William & Mary Law Review
In Koontz v. St. Johns River Water Management District, the Supreme Court slightly expanded the range of land use permitting situations in which heightened judicial scrutiny is appropriate in a constitutional “exaction” takings case. In crafting a vision of regulators as strategic extortionists of private property interests, though, Koontz prompted many takings observers to predict that the case would provide momentum for a more significant expansion of such scrutiny in takings cases involving land use permit conditions moving forward, and perhaps even an extension into other regulatory contexts, as well.
Five years on, this Article evaluates the extent to which …
Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Journal, Volume 8, William & Mary Law School
Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Journal, Volume 8, William & Mary Law School
Brigham-Kanner Property Rights Journal
The Federalism Dimension of Constitutional Property
October 4-5, 2018
Panel 1: The Federalism Dimension of Constitutional Property: A Tribute to Sterk
Panel 2: Background Principles of Common Law and Constitutional Property
Lunch Roundtable: Other Emerging Issues in Constitutional Protection of Property
Panel 4: The Constitutionality of Land Use Exactions
Contributing Author (Reveley)
Tenant-Victims, Abusers, And No Way To Escape: The Need For An Amendment To The Florida Residential Landlord And Tenant Act, Adam Bent
William & Mary Journal of Race, Gender, and Social Justice
Under the Florida Residential Landlord and Tenant Act, there is no right to early lease termination for tenants who must move to escape domestic, stalking, sexual, or dating violence. Florida’s failure to grant a right to early lease termination compounds the physical and psychological harm that victims face; abusers often live with the victim or know where the victim lives. In turn, abusers can return to the victim’s home and harm the victim; often, this results in serious physical harm or death. This Article explains why existing criminal and civil law does not adequately protect victims from their abusers. The …
Time For A Change In Eminent Domain: A “Dirt Farmer’S” Story Shows Why Just Compensation Should Include Lost Profits, Edward Walton
Time For A Change In Eminent Domain: A “Dirt Farmer’S” Story Shows Why Just Compensation Should Include Lost Profits, Edward Walton
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
No abstract provided.