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Full-Text Articles in Law
Australian Plain Packaging Law, International Litigations And Regulatory Chilling Effect, Lukasz A. Gruszczynski
Australian Plain Packaging Law, International Litigations And Regulatory Chilling Effect, Lukasz A. Gruszczynski
Lukasz A Gruszczynski
Introduction of plain packaging law by Australia in 2012 was met with strong opposition from transnational tobacco companies (TTCs). While advocates of the law see it as a logical step in governmental efforts to curb tobacco use and improve public health in Australia, TTCs claim that the new law is scientifically unsound, overly intrusive and that it infringes a number of international law provisions relating to trademark and property protection. Some TTCs, either directly or indirectly,have decided to test the Australian measure before international tribunals. Although, these challenges are connectedwith interests held by TTCs in Australia, they should be seen …
The Tbt Agreement And Tobacco Control Regulations, Lukasz A. Gruszczynski
The Tbt Agreement And Tobacco Control Regulations, Lukasz A. Gruszczynski
Lukasz A Gruszczynski
The article analyses reports issued by the panel and the Appellate Body in the US – Measures Affecting the Productions and Sale of Clove Cigarettes dispute and attempts to assess their broader consequences for national tobacco control policies. Both reports are particularly important because they clarify the limits existing under WTO law, in particular the TBT Agreement, in this policy space. In this context, the article investigates whether the WTO dispute settlement bodies interpreted relevant rules of the TBT Agreement in a manner that provides countries with sufficient regulatory autonomy while ensuring at the same time that their technical measures …
The Who Framework Convention On Tobacco Control As An International Standard Under The Tbt Agreement?, Lukasz A. Gruszczynski
The Who Framework Convention On Tobacco Control As An International Standard Under The Tbt Agreement?, Lukasz A. Gruszczynski
Lukasz A Gruszczynski
In this article Lukasz Gruszczynski argues that there are good grounds for considering the Guidelines to the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (‘FCTC’) relevant international standards under the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (‘TBT Agreement’). The structure of the article is as follows: (1) Part I provides an overview of the relevant sections of the TBT Agreement and its ambiguities with respect to defining an international standard; (2) Part II sets out the aims, purpose and governance structure of the FCTC; (3) In light of the overviews of the TBT Agreement and the FCTC, Part III then considers whether …
Re-Tuning Tuna? Appellate Body Report In Us – Tuna Ii, Lukasz A. Gruszczynski
Re-Tuning Tuna? Appellate Body Report In Us – Tuna Ii, Lukasz A. Gruszczynski
Lukasz A Gruszczynski
Under the TBT Agreement, a labelling requirement can be qualified as a technical regulation, and not as a standard, even if it does not constitute a precondition for placing a product for sale on the relevant market. Examination of “no less favourable treatment” under Article 2.1 requires determining whether a measure modifies the conditions of competition in the relevant market to the detriment of imported like products, and whether such detrimental impact stems exclusively from a legitimate regulatory distinction rather than reflecting discrimination against the group of imported like products. The evaluation of whether a measure is more trade-restrictive than …
United States - Certain Measures Affecting Imports Of Poultry From China. Just Another Sps Case?, Lukasz A. Gruszczynski
United States - Certain Measures Affecting Imports Of Poultry From China. Just Another Sps Case?, Lukasz A. Gruszczynski
Lukasz A Gruszczynski
The Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement) may apply to budgetary measures if they are motivated by SPS concerns. Equivalence-based measures are subject to the regular disciplines of the SPS Agreement, including but not limited to Article 4 SPS. This means that WTO Members, when engaging in the recognition process, need to observe other SPS provisions such as the requirement of a scientific risk assessment (Articles 5.1-5.3) or the quasi-consistency obligation of Article 5.5. A measure which has been found inconsistent with certain provisions of the SPS Agreement (e.g. Articles 2 and 5) cannot be …
Ec Incentive Arrangements For Sustainable Development And Good Governance (Gsp Plus) And Wto Law – Critical Analysis, Lukasz A. Gruszczynski
Ec Incentive Arrangements For Sustainable Development And Good Governance (Gsp Plus) And Wto Law – Critical Analysis, Lukasz A. Gruszczynski
Lukasz A Gruszczynski
This article analyses the current general system of preferences of the EC in order to assess its conformity with the international obligations imposed by law of the World Trade Organization. The analysis is carried out in light of the recent WTO ruling, which found the old system of preferences incompatible with WTO law. In this context, the article argues that some aspects of the new system relating to special incentive arrangements for sustainable development and good governance may potentially conflict with the requirements of international trade law.
Risk Management Policies Under The Wto Agreement On The Application Of Sanitary And Phytosanitary Measures, Lukasz A. Gruszczynski
Risk Management Policies Under The Wto Agreement On The Application Of Sanitary And Phytosanitary Measures, Lukasz A. Gruszczynski
Lukasz A Gruszczynski
The globalization of the national food markets raises a number of difficult legal and political problems. In response, national governments have adopted a wide range of regulatory measures which are not only aimed at the protection of the environment and human health and safety but may also constitute attractive vehicles for protectionism. The Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement) was therefore specifically designed to regulate possible abuses of sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) regulations. Although, the most important part of the SPS Agreement relates to risk assessment disciplines, this article argues that it is legitimate to …
The Role Of Science In Risk Regulation Under The Sps Agreement, Lukasz A. Gruszczynski
The Role Of Science In Risk Regulation Under The Sps Agreement, Lukasz A. Gruszczynski
Lukasz A Gruszczynski
This paper attempts to present a comprehensive and coherent picture of the role performed by science under the Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) Agreement and SPS case law. It argues that the approach adopted by the Appellate Body is predominantly based on a technical paradigm, supplemented, however, with some considerations arising from other paradigms. The paper argues that the approach adopted in the case law is generally compatible with the text of the SPS Agreement and provides a coherent SPS system. However, it also identifies certain areas which lack coherence, as certain standards seem to violate the right of the …
Science In The Process Of Risk Regulation Under The Wto Agreement On Sanitary And Phytosanitary Measures, Lukasz A. Gruszczynski
Science In The Process Of Risk Regulation Under The Wto Agreement On Sanitary And Phytosanitary Measures, Lukasz A. Gruszczynski
Lukasz A Gruszczynski
This article attempts to present a comprehensive and coherent picture of the position occupied by science under the SPS Agreement and in the SPS case law. It claims that the approach adopted by the Appellate Body reflects the explicit language of the SPS Agreement and is predominantly based on a technical paradigm. In consequence, science plays a critical role in distinguishing between legal and illegal SPS measures. The article argues that such an approach is generally compatible with the text of the SPS Agreement and provides a coherent SPS system. However, it also identifies certain areas, which lack coherence, as …