Law Commons^™

Abortion Laws In Nigeria: A Case For Reform, P. Chibueze Okorie, Olubusola Adebayo Abayomi

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

The available statistics indicate that over 1,000,000 abortions occur in Nigeria annually, representing about 33 abortions per 1,000 women of child bearing age. It has also been asserted that illegal abortion is responsible for about 11% of maternal death in Nigeria and 50% of such deaths involve adolescents and young women. Although, it may be difficult to confirm these reports and statistics by different researchers, mainly because of the absence of official figures owing to the clandestine nature of abortion in Nigeria, there is no doubt that abortions are generally procured by women for various reasons, namely: financial and emotional …

Imperatives Of Corporate Governance On Corporate Citizenship In Nigeria, Professor Dr. S. Gozie Ogbodo, Dr. Godwin Luke Umoru

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

This paper seeks to examine and interrogate the conceptual ideas and frameworks of corporate governance; its relationship and relevance to corporate citizenship and the elements that describe what is meant by corporate citizenship. Various perspectives of the role which corporate governance plays as a major influence on corporate citizenship and corporate social responsibility were clearly shown. Also shown is the meaning which is ascribed to corporate governance, its core principles, the rhetoric and realities concerning the effect of a corporation’s pursuit of power and profit on corporate citizenship, legal and social responsibilities and the significant paradigm shift. Situating the concept …

A New Era In The Application Of U.S. Securities Law Abroad: Valuing The Presumption Against Extraterritoriality And Managing The Future With The Sustainable- Domestic-Integrity Standard, Alina Veneziano

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

The U.S. Supreme Court in Morrison held that Section 10(b) of the Exchange Act did not apply extraterritorially, lacking a clear indication by Congress of the intent to do so. In reaching this conclusion, it clarified that the reach of Section 10(b) is a merits question, not a question of subject matter jurisdiction and stated that the focus of the statute was upon purchases and sales of securities in the United States while articulating a bright-line transactional test to determine whether extraterritorial application was appropriate. The transactional test completely rejected the conduct/effects tests, which had been used by courts for …

International Standards For Protection Of Religious Freedom, Anthony Peirson Xavier Bothwell

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, inspired by the “four freedoms” articulated by Franklin D. Roosevelt, proclaims but does not define the religious liberty that is the birthright of all people. Four centuries ago, when few people were free, religious ideas fostered the development of some of the fundamental principles of the law of nations. As international law has matured, increasingly it has recognized the right of individuals and groups to pursue their own religions and beliefs. The United Nations system has generated an array of international conventions, covenants, and resolutions which today articulate the rights of adherents to all …

Assessment Of The Role Of The Nigerian Police Force In The Promotion And Protection Of Human Rights In Nigeria, Dr. Ndubuisi J. Madubuike-Ekwe, Dr. Olumide K. Obayemi

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

This article examines the role of the Nigerian Police Force in the promotion and protection of human rights in Nigeria. It discusses the concept of human rights under international and domestic law. It highlights the powers of the Nigerian Police Force under the Police Act and the Administration of Criminal Justice Act, 2015 and observes that although the police use discretion to support human rights, it is the abuse of the discretion and power that results in violation of human rights of citizens. This article identifies the rights most subjected to abuse by the police as the right to life, …

Involuntary Dissolution: Theory And Operation In Publicly Traded Corporations, Dr. Murat Can Pehlivanoglu

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

Involuntary dissolution is recognized as the primary mechanism to monitor opportunism and remedy the aggrieved minority shareholders of corporations. Contrary to general understanding, involuntary dissolution is not idiosyncratic to close corporations. However, its application to publicly traded corporations requires an approach different than the one for close corporations. This note discusses and recommends the approach necessary to justify and effectively enforce involuntary dissolution statutes’ application in the context of publicly traded corporations. It expresses the opinion that the contractual view of corporate law would provide the theoretical basis necessary to construe the statute for publicly traded corporations and exemplifies its …

Front Matter

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

Front Matter includes the masthead, dedication, editorial, School of Law faculty, and Table of Contents.

Combating Domestic Violence In Bangladesh: Law, Policy And Other Relevant Considerations, Dr. Zakia Afrin

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

In 2011, an incident involving Professor Rumana Manzur of Dhaka University brought the topic of domestic violence in Bangladesh into main stream discussions. Professor Manzur’s husband of ten years, Hasan Syeed Sumon, had tried to gauge out both of her eyes by using his fingers, bit her nose and left her severely injured while they fought in her father’s residence in Dhaka. This incident shocked the whole country as well as diasporas abroad and forced the society to address the legal and societal loopholes to effectively combat this issue. Bangladesh has displayed an understanding of and respect for women’s rights …

Human Rights Abuse And Violations In Nigeria: A Case Study Of The Oil-Producing Communities In The Niger Delta Region, Dr. Ifeanyi I. Onwuazombe

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

Human rights abuses and violations in Nigeria in general and in the oilproducing communities in particular cut across the entire spectrum of rights. The abuses come in different forms and could be direct or indirect. The inhabitants of the Niger Delta region are subjected to regular rights abuses and violations by the state security agents and the oil corporations. The perpetrators of rights violations are hardly or never held accountable or brought to justice due to the myriad of problems besetting the judicial institutions. Besides, there is an apparent lack of trust and confidence in the courts and general apathy …

Theoretical Underpinnings Of Trust Investment Law: Juxtaposing Nigerian Law With Current Trends In Other Common Law Jurisdictions, Dr. Larry O.C. Chukwu

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

Over the centuries, common law jurists and scholars have propounded theories and principles which underpin the conduct of the investment duty of trustees. This article offers a comparative analysis of the theoretical underpinnings of trust investment law as applicable in Nigeria vis-a-vis the current trends in other jurisdictions. It concludes that the Nigerian law is hopelessly lagging behind and proffers recommendations for reform.

Accountability Of International Ngos: Human Rights Violations In Healthcare Provision In Developing Countries And The Effectiveness Of Current Measures, Sharmeen Ahmed

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

In recent years, the number of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) working in the international arena has vastly increased, generally making a positive impact. But, as this influence has deepened, governments in the developing world and scholars have scrutinized the work and accountability of NGOs given they are mostly independent and not subjected to international law. While NGOs must adhere to the domestic laws of the places within which they work, adherence is dependent upon the strength of enforcement of those laws. Proponents argue that this independence is essential for NGOs to effectively carry out their work. However, a review of healthcare …

Responding To Homegrown Terrorism: The Case Of Boko Haram, Dr. Elimma C. Ezeani

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

If terrorism as it is known from history is changing, should the response to it change as well? This paper reflects on the rise and activities of Boko Haram in Northern Nigeria and the hesitation of domestic, regional and international efforts in stemming its spread. It finds that the rise and impact of homegrown terrorist groups like Boko Haram deserve closer attention than they have previously received particularly with regard to legal responses by domestic governments and the international community. The activities of Boko Haram in Nigeria have brought to the fore challenges faced by law and governments in tackling …

Table Of Contents

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

No abstract provided.

Acknowledgment

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

No abstract provided.

Editorial, Christian N. Okeke

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

No abstract provided.

Masthead And Front Matter

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

No abstract provided.

Wartime Environmental Pollution And Endangerment: The Landmine Scourge And The Global Effort To Eliminate It, Theresa Oby Ilegbune

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

The principal purpose of this paper is to discuss the legal aspects of the global efforts to ban and eliminate landmines. In doing this, it is considered necessary to explain what landmines are; the nature and extent of security, social and environmental problems posed by landmines; the history and development of the international campaign to adopt a treaty banning landmines; and efforts made, and still being made, to implement that treaty. In these discussions, Nigeria will be used as a case study.

Border Tax Adjustments And Developing Countries: A Perspective From China, Shufan Sung

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

It is no hyperbole to say that climate change is one of the most urgent crises all humans face together. Among the many ways that governments have attempted to curb carbon emissions, border tax adjustments (BTAs) have majorly aimed to restore the competitiveness of developed countries with more stringent carbon control policies. This article carefully examines the proposal under the tests of international environmental laws to evaluate the implications of BTAs in international legal system. The article argues that the imposition of BTAs will be inconsistent with set principles of the common but differentiated responsibility (CBDR), sustainable development and polluter …

Pension Trust Investment In Nigeria – Celebrating The Sea Change Wrought By The Pension Reform Act, Larry O.C. Chukwu

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

This work surveys the modalities for pension trust investment in Nigeria, which has only recently been favoured with a distinct legal framework. It gives a brief historical account of pension administration in Nigeria, identifies the policy and philosophical underpinnings of the new pension regime, expounds the relevant provisions of the Pension Reform Act 2014 together with the Regulation on Investment of Pension Fund Assets, and concludes with a critique of the Act and recommendations. Pertinent comparison is made between the provisions of the new legislation and extant Trustee Investments Act (which hitherto governed pension trust investments) with a view to …

Twenty Years Of Trips, Twenty Years Of Debate: The Extension Of High Level Protection Of Geographical Indications – Arguments, State Of Negotiations And Prospects, Friederike Frantz

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

This paper illustrates the current protection of Geographical Indications (GIs) in TRIPS, the arguments of the parties for and against the high level protection extension and the state of negotiations, with a focus on the European Union (EU) and the U.S. as major advocates for each side of the discussion. The paper examines the prospects of a potential agreement in the extension debate within the WTO and looks at the influence of free trade agreements on the GI extension issue.

Public Regulation Of The Oil And Gas Industry In Nigeria: An Evaluation, Eghosa Osa Ekhator

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

Nigeria operates a command and control regulatory framework in the oil and gas sector. This type of regulation was prevalent in the United States and Britain during the 1970s and 1980s. Under this regulatory framework, regulators are deemed to be acting in the public interest. This article focuses on the extant public regulatory regime in the oil and gas sector in Nigeria. Generally, factors, such as red-tape, over-regulation and regulatory capture, amongst others, are some reasons militating against a command and control regulatory regime. This article will contend that unless there is a paradigmatic shift in the state-oriented or public …

Hybrid Legal Approaches Towards Climate Change: Concepts, Mechanisms And Implementation, Cosmin Corendea

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

No abstract provided.

The Effectiveness Of International Law: Torture And Counterterrorism, Ogechi Joy Anwukah

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

This paper sets out to address the following question: to what extent has international law effectively curtailed the practice of torture in a democratic society within the context of the ‘war against terror’? This paper will first provide an overview of the current regime of international law prohibiting torture. Next, this paper will discuss the absolute ban on torture and violations that have occurred in the name of the ‘war against terror.’ This paper will then address the consequences of the use of torture as a counterterrorism measure. Finally, this paper will critically analyze the effectiveness of international law on …

Editorial, Christian N. Okeke

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

No abstract provided.

Table Of Contents

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

No abstract provided.

Masthead

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

No abstract provided.

“Fat Taxes” Fighting Globesity Ignore Food Demand Inelasticities, John Andrew Brunner-Brown

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

The obesity pandemic is not unique to the United States, where obesity has been a major health concern for decades. Whereas in the 1980s only about one in six adult Americans were obese, recent surveys reveal that approximately one in three adult Americans are obese today. Worldwide there is a similar upward trend in obesity, as the global obesity rate has doubled since 1980. Because of this trend, the World Health Organization has described the pandemic as “globesity.”

There are extreme costs associated with individual obesity. For many, obesity diminishes quality of life in general because it creates a threat …

One Step Forward, Two Steps Back: A Brief History Of Legal Discriminations Against Women In Iran And The Violations Of International Human Rights, Delaram Farzaneh

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

In recent years Iran has primarily been under international scrutiny because of concerns over its development of a nuclear program. However, there have been other developments in Iran that also raise grave concerns among the international community. Since the 1990s, the Rights of Women have been one of the major categories of the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Iran. The current direction of the Iranian government, with regard to improving women’s fundamental rights, seems to be back to the “good old days” rather than towards modernizing and humanizing strict patriarchal law. To best understand these current backward steps, it is …

Law And Energy Infrastructure Development In Developing Countries: A Case Study Of Nigeria And Ghana, Lanre Aladeitan

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

The development of infrastructure to support optimal energy utilization is a key challenge in most developing countries. This challenge, and other socio-political issues, has caused several developing countries to lag behind on the path of economic development. Although the developmental challenges are multifaceted, this paper examines the role of the law in the promotion of energy infrastructure development, and the role that infrastructure plays in directing both the energy process and development, or absence thereof, in a developing country. This paper is primarily concerned with energy infrastructure areas that are in acute need of development and have very poor infrastructure …

Reconciling Three Countries’ Current Laws With Human Rights In The Face Of International Law, Stacey Alicia Maalej Rusnak

Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law

The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees [UNHCR] has published a landmark treatise to serve as a guide for adjudication of refugee claims made by LGBTI individuals. This treatise, known as Guidelines on International Protection No. 9, states that sexual orientation or identity is a protected category and that persecution based on those factors is grounds for refugee status and protection. This article discusses current violations of this protection in three countries: Uganda, Russia, and Nigeria. I shall first examine the relevant international law, and then review the history and current laws of each country. Finally, there is a comparative …