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Full-Text Articles in Law
International Cooperation In Penal Matters: The "Lockheed Agreements", Bruno A. Ristau
International Cooperation In Penal Matters: The "Lockheed Agreements", Bruno A. Ristau
Michigan Journal of International Law
In February 1976, officials of the Lockheed Aircraft Corporation testified before a Senate committee that their company had paid $12.6 million in bribes, commissions and fees to Japanese businessmen and government officials to promote sales of Lockheed planes. News of these bribes rocked Japan's political establishment and governmental institutions. The Japanese Diet (parliament) passed a resolution urging that the United States government disclose to the Diet the names of the Japanese officials involved in these bribes. Prime Minister Takeo Mild sent a personal letter to President Ford requesting that the United States make available all information in its possession bearing …
The Political Offense Exception As Applied In French Cases Dealing With The Extradition Of Terrorists, Thomas E. Carbonneau
The Political Offense Exception As Applied In French Cases Dealing With The Extradition Of Terrorists, Thomas E. Carbonneau
Michigan Journal of International Law
This article does not attempt to deal with all of the multifarious aspects of contemporary terrorism; its ambition is much more modest in scope, centering upon traditional legal mechanisms and doctrines that can be adapted to deal with terrorism. Using the decisional law of France as an illustrative model, this article analyzes the transnational and political character of terrorist acts and seeks to establish the implications of those characteristics for litigation dealing with the extradition of terrorist offenders. Several assumptions underlie the analysis. First, the effort to repress international crime is seen as a laudable objective of the international legal …
Criminal Law And The European Communities: Defining The Issues, Christine Van Den Wyngaert
Criminal Law And The European Communities: Defining The Issues, Christine Van Den Wyngaert
Michigan Journal of International Law
While the development of a common criminal justice policy lies more within the general objectives of the Council of Europe, of which all states composing the European Communities are members, there are nevertheless a number of problems which are specific to the Communities and which may call for a special response on their part. This article makes a short tour d'horizon of the different issues at stake and briefly describes the efforts which have been or are being undertaken to resolve them.
A Right Of Fair Dismissal: Enforcing A Statutory Guarantee, Janice R. Bellace
A Right Of Fair Dismissal: Enforcing A Statutory Guarantee, Janice R. Bellace
University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform
Support for the concept that employees should be protected against wrongful dismissal continues to grow in this country. Yet, many advocates of protection have thus far refrained from venturing into the legislative arena. Even though the movement to achieve this protection is still at an early stage, it is not too soon to focus on specific proposals designed to translate ideals into protections. By failing to coalesce behind a single proposal, supporters have retarded the progress of the movement. Without a proposal for specific legislation, supporters lack a rallying point and legislators have nothing concrete to debate. This Article attempts …
Jurisdictional Bases For Criminal Legislation And Its Enforcement, B.J. George Jr.
Jurisdictional Bases For Criminal Legislation And Its Enforcement, B.J. George Jr.
Michigan Journal of International Law
The doctrine of jurisdiction-the authority of nations or states to create or prescribe penal or regulatory norms and to enforce them through administrative and judicial action- has been a source of difficulty in both international and domestic law for centuries. The last two decades, however, have witnessed more conflicts over the invocation of forum penal laws to reach persons and activities outside national boundaries than had arisen for more than a century before. Moreover, treaties restricting some dimensions of penal jurisdiction based on other than the territorial concept have become increasingly common, and some nations have legislated to prevent their …
International Exchange Of Information In Criminal Cases, Michael E. Tigar, Austin J. Doyle Jr.
International Exchange Of Information In Criminal Cases, Michael E. Tigar, Austin J. Doyle Jr.
Michigan Journal of International Law
This article describes some of the means by which police and prosecutors obtain information in international criminal matters. An exhaustive catalog is not presented; rather, examples of international cooperation and conflict are dwelled upon to illustrate the need for systematic development of international law principles governing the interpretation and application of treaties, and the enforcement in both the demanding and the rendering state of rules concerning information exchange. These rules and principles should honor expectations of privacy and confidentiality, make dear the obligations of foreign persons and entities, including financial institutions, and ensure mutual respect for the sovereign interests of …
The Quantum Of Evidence Required To Extradite From The United States, Robert J. Rosoff
The Quantum Of Evidence Required To Extradite From The United States, Robert J. Rosoff
Michigan Journal of International Law
This article argues that it is appropriate to require that requesting countries meet the uniform federal bindover standard to obtain extradition from the United States, rather than a more stringent state standard. The federal bindover standard of probable cause accomplishes the purpose of United States extradition procedure better than any other evidentiary standard. It affords an alleged fugitive more protection from unjustified extradition than is available in most countries. Furthermore, the reasons advanced by advocates of a more stringent bindover standard in the domestic criminal setting do not apply to extradition hearings.
Procedural Unvertainty Attending The Assertion Of The Political Offense Exception In Extradition Hearings, Charles R. Meyer Iii
Procedural Unvertainty Attending The Assertion Of The Political Offense Exception In Extradition Hearings, Charles R. Meyer Iii
Michigan Journal of International Law
The American approach to the political offense exception to extradition is under increasing attack. Unfavorable commentary, sparked in part by the recent decision In re McMullen, has noted the confusion present in the operation of the exception. This article will trace some of the difficulties to the uncertain procedural burdens of raising and proving the exception in the judicial hearing. The current practice should be reformed to ameliorate the confusion. To this end, the United States Congress or Supreme Court must intervene to unify the procedural approaches taken by U.S. magistrates with respect to raising and proving the political …
Protecting The Rights Of The Requested Person In Extradition Proceedings: An Argument For A Humanitarian Exception, Leslie Anderson
Protecting The Rights Of The Requested Person In Extradition Proceedings: An Argument For A Humanitarian Exception, Leslie Anderson
Michigan Journal of International Law
This article will first define the types of post-extradition treatment which requested persons have raised as requiring judicial attention. It will next survey judicial responses to these claims and then consider the scope of executive review. The article concludes that the courts have exaggerated the range of executive discretion to deny extradition. As extradition currently operates in the United States, there is the serious possibility that a bona fide claim of unfair treatment would not receive adequate consideration by either the judicial or executive branch.
Extradition From Israel, M. Dennis Gouldman
Extradition From Israel, M. Dennis Gouldman
Michigan Journal of International Law
Following an introduction, the main part of the article will review the law of extradition from Israel-a subject about which little is known outside this country. The discussion will focus on the decisions and practices of both the judiciary and the executive. The remainder of the article will consider special problems that have arisen in Israel as a country with an "open gate" immigration policy for the Jews of the world and a new unwillingness to hand over its own nationals for trial and sentence abroad.