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Articles 1 - 30 of 169
Full-Text Articles in Law
Patents And Antitrust: Peaceful Coxeistence?, S. Chesterfield Oppenheim
Patents And Antitrust: Peaceful Coxeistence?, S. Chesterfield Oppenheim
Michigan Law Review
My thesis for this paper is based upon developments which appear, as of 1955, to bring into clearer focus the process by which the earned differential advantages of patent rights are being adjusted to the prohibitory dixits of antitrust law. This is part of the never-ending governmental function of balancing stability of legal rights against the desired flexibility resulting from evolutionary growth. We can only chart the directions of the current trends. Generalizations from this panorama should not be overdrawn or artificially simplified. Both the patent and antitrust spectra are arranged in degrees. The edges of certainty are blurred in …
Real Property - The Effect Of Zoning Ordinances On The Law Of Nuisance, Robert B. Fiske, Jr. S.Ed.
Real Property - The Effect Of Zoning Ordinances On The Law Of Nuisance, Robert B. Fiske, Jr. S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
One of the most interesting and least explored questions in the law of property is the effect of zoning ordinances on the law of nuisance. Particularly interesting is the extent to which statutory authorization by zoning can legalize a use of land which, in the absence of a zoning ordinance, would constitute a nuisance. In order to understand this problem fully it is necessary to begin with a general analysis of the law of nuisance and the various classifications into which it has been divided by the courts.
Admiralty - Constitutional Law - Effect Of State Regulation Of Marine Insurance On Uniformity Of Maritime Law, Charles G. Williamson, Jr. S.Ed.
Admiralty - Constitutional Law - Effect Of State Regulation Of Marine Insurance On Uniformity Of Maritime Law, Charles G. Williamson, Jr. S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Petitioner's houseboat, used to transport passengers commercially on a lake between Texas and Oklahoma, was insured against fire and other loss by respondent. Following destruction of the boat by fire, respondent denied liability because of breaches of policy warranties against assignment, pledging, transferring, and use for hire. The petitioner's action was brought in the state court and removed to a federal court because of diversity of citizenship. Texas statutes provide that breaches of policy provisions by the insured are no defense unless the breach contributes to the loss, and that provisions in policies against pledging are invalid. Petitioner contended that …
Federal Procedure - Venue - Interpretation Of Section 1404(A) In Cases Arising Under The Federal Employers' Liability Act, Charles G. Williamson, Jr. S.Ed.
Federal Procedure - Venue - Interpretation Of Section 1404(A) In Cases Arising Under The Federal Employers' Liability Act, Charles G. Williamson, Jr. S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Three petitioners instituted separate suits in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania under the provisions of the Federal Employers' Liability Act, for injuries received in the derailment of a train in South Carolina. The cases were transferred to the Eastern District of South Carolina under the provisions of section 1404 (a), title 28, U.S.C. Because of a court of appeals ruling that orders for transfer were not appealable, petitioners sought mandamus to compel the district judge to set aside his orders for transfer. The court of appeals denied the applications. On certiorari to the United …
Taxation - Inheritance Tax - Transfers Subject To Take Effect At Or After Death, Harvey A. Howard S.Ed.
Taxation - Inheritance Tax - Transfers Subject To Take Effect At Or After Death, Harvey A. Howard S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Decedent was a participant in a company profit-sharing savings and retirement trust. Under the terms of the plan, the company made deposits with a trustee on an annual basis and relinquished the right to recapture or impair the fund for its own use or benefit. The contributions were to be held for ten years with accrued interest, and then were to be distributed to the employees in three annual instalments. Should an employee leave the company, he was entitled to his share in three instalments; in the event of retirement or illness he was to receive his entire share in …
Problems In The Removal Of Federal Civil Servants, Ivor L. M. Richardson
Problems In The Removal Of Federal Civil Servants, Ivor L. M. Richardson
Michigan Law Review
The publicity given in the past few years to the loyalty and security program has brought the civil servant of the federal government increasingly before the public eye. At the same time little attention has been paid to the plight of a civil servant who is dismissed from his post for reasons other than those relating to loyalty and security. It is the purpose of this paper to consider different aspects of the removal of civil servants. We shall discuss (1) the government's power to remove civil servants both at common law and under statutes which deal with the exercise …
Labor Law - Lmra - "Hot Cargo" Clause As A Defense To Secondary Boycott, Jack G. Armstrong S.Ed.
Labor Law - Lmra - "Hot Cargo" Clause As A Defense To Secondary Boycott, Jack G. Armstrong S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
In McAllister Transfer, Inc. the National Labor Relations Board decided to reconsider the question of "hot cargo" clauses. In this case, the Teamsters' union requested McAllister, a non-union cartage company, to recognize it as the bargaining representative of McAllister's employees, and submitted a proposed contract to the employer. When McAllister refused to recognize the Teamsters, the union announced that the company would be "shut off" from interlining freight. Accordingly, the Teamsters induced those of their members who were working for three other carriers not to handle McAllister freight. Each of these other carriers was a party to a cartage agreement …
Corporations - Charter - Change Of Voting Right By Amendment, Dale W. Van Winkle S.Ed.
Corporations - Charter - Change Of Voting Right By Amendment, Dale W. Van Winkle S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Defendant, incorporated in 1938 with an authorized capital stock of 500 shares, amended its articles of incorporation in 1940 to increase the common stock to 2,000 shares, and to authorize the issue of preferred stock. By the amendment, the voting power was vested exclusively in the common stock, with the exception that the holders of preferred stock would acquire temporary voting power upon default of four semi-annual dividends. Default in payment of dividends occurred and the preferred stockholders exercised the right to vote from 1943 on. In 1953, a second amendment was proposed and passed by a majority in interest …
Sales - Transfer Of Title - Effect Of Motor Vehicle Act, Charles G. Williamson, Jr. S.Ed.
Sales - Transfer Of Title - Effect Of Motor Vehicle Act, Charles G. Williamson, Jr. S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiffs, wholesale automobile dealers in New Mexico and Colorado, each sold a used car to a Utah dealer. The wholesalers forwarded drafts, with certificates of title attached, for payment by the dealer. The dealer sold the cars from his lot without ever having paid the drafts, and, consequently, without ever having. obtained the foreign title certificates. Plaintiffs brought replevin against the purchasers of the autos and recovered judgments. On appeal, held, reversed. The wholesalers knew that the purchaser was a used car dealer. They had transferred more than mere possession and clothed him with apparent ownership. Therefore, under the …
Corporations - Stockholders - Effect Of State Constitutional Provisions On Liabilty To Creditors For Unpaid Subscriptions, Douglas Peck S.Ed.
Corporations - Stockholders - Effect Of State Constitutional Provisions On Liabilty To Creditors For Unpaid Subscriptions, Douglas Peck S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Basset and Company, an Oklahoma corporation, issued stock to defendant for which defendant never paid. The sum due was carried on the corporate books as "subscriptions receivable." The corporation became bankrupt and the trustee brought suit in the federal district court to recover the amount due on the subscriptions. Held, judgment for the defendant. Under the Oklahoma Constitution, where stock is issued for consideration which is less than par value, the issue is void. The stock certificate cannot serve as a consideration to support the would-be stockholder's promise to pay for the stock, and no liability attaches to the …
Federal Procedure - Jurisdiction - Appeal From Judgment On Some Of Several Multiple Claims Under Rule 54(B), Lawrence N. Ravick S.Ed.
Federal Procedure - Jurisdiction - Appeal From Judgment On Some Of Several Multiple Claims Under Rule 54(B), Lawrence N. Ravick S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff filed a complaint in a federal district court alleging in six counts that defendant was engaged in unfair competition against business ventures carried on by the plaintiff. The defendant filed a motion to dismiss the complaint. The court ordered two counts to be stricken, found that there was no just reason for delaying the final determination of the issues raised by these counts, and directed that judgment be entered thereon against the plaintiff. The plaintiff appealed and the defendant moved to dismiss the appeal on the ground that the order and judgment appealed from was not a final or …
Mcdermott: Deskbook On Land Titles And Land Law, Allan F. Smith
Mcdermott: Deskbook On Land Titles And Land Law, Allan F. Smith
Michigan Law Review
A Review of Deskbook on Land Titles and Land Law. By Thomas J. McDermott.
Wills - Religious Conditions In Restraint Of Marriage - Validity At Common Law And Effect Of Shelley V. Kraemer, Jack G. Armstrong S.Ed.
Wills - Religious Conditions In Restraint Of Marriage - Validity At Common Law And Effect Of Shelley V. Kraemer, Jack G. Armstrong S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Testator devised and bequeathed his property to his children, but with a proviso that the gift to any child who should marry a person not born in the Hebrew faith should lapse. Subsequent to the testator's death, the defendant married a woman who had been born a Roman Catholic. The other beneficiaries brought a proceeding to declare that the defendant had lost his rights under the will by reason of his marriage. The probate court granted a decree substantially as sought by the plaintiffs. On appeal, held, affirmed. This partial restraint on marriage is not so unreasonable as to …
Cahn: The Moral Decision, William R. Jentes S.Ed.
Cahn: The Moral Decision, William R. Jentes S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
A Review of The Moral Decision. By Edmond Cahn
Future Interests - Restraints On Alienation - Option To Repurchase At A Fixed Price, Edward H. Hoenicke S.Ed.
Future Interests - Restraints On Alienation - Option To Repurchase At A Fixed Price, Edward H. Hoenicke S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Shortly after his second marriage in 1925, plaintiff deeded a house and two lots to the parents of his first wife. The grantees, along with the plaintiff, had occupied the premises since the first wife's death. The deed contained a provision that "if the second parties do not wish at any time to use the property as a home, the first parties shall have the first privilege to purchase the above described property at any future time at the price stated in this deed, viz., $4,000." In 1952, after the death of both grantees and when the property was worth …
Taxation - Federal Income Tax - Renting Out A Single Home As A Trade Or Business For Purposes Of Capital Loss Carry-Over, Alice Austin S.Ed.
Taxation - Federal Income Tax - Renting Out A Single Home As A Trade Or Business For Purposes Of Capital Loss Carry-Over, Alice Austin S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Taxpayer, who was not in the real estate business and who was involved in only occasional real estate transactions, inherited a house which he rented out until he sold it at a loss. He treated the transaction as a capital loss, taking advantage of the capital loss carry-over provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. Deficiency assessments were levied against the taxpayer upon the theory that the loss sustained upon the sale of the house was an ordinary loss which could not be carried over to later years. Taxpayer paid the deficiency assessment and sued for a refund. The district court …
Judge And The Crime Burden, John Barker Waite
Judge And The Crime Burden, John Barker Waite
Michigan Law Review
One does not happily charge the judiciary with responsibility for the country's burden of crime, but the responsibility does in fact exist. Judges, though they may not encourage crime, interfere with its prevention in various ways. They deliberately restrict police efficiency in the discovery of criminals. They exempt from punishment many criminals who are discovered and whose guilt is evident. More seriously still, they so warp and alter the public's attitude toward crime and criminals as gravely to weaken the country's most effective crime preventive.
Labor Law - Collective Bargaining - Contract Ratification And Strike Authorization Clauses As Statutory Proposals, Arne Hovdesoen S.Ed.
Labor Law - Collective Bargaining - Contract Ratification And Strike Authorization Clauses As Statutory Proposals, Arne Hovdesoen S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
After continued employer demands to discuss contract ratification and strike authorization clauses, the union discontinued contract negotiations on the ground that such proposals constituted interference with its internal affairs and as such were not within the scope of mandatory collective bargaining as defined by sections 8 (d) and 9 (a) of the amended National Labor Relations Act. The National Labor Relations Board found the union's action to be the result of the employer's refusal to bargain in compliance with section 8 (d) and issued an appropriate order directing the company to cease and desist from insisting upon these proposals to …
Federal Procedure - Interlocutory Appeals - Appealability Of Stay Of Proceedings Under Section 1292 Of The Judicial Code, Lawrence W. Sperling S.Ed.
Federal Procedure - Interlocutory Appeals - Appealability Of Stay Of Proceedings Under Section 1292 Of The Judicial Code, Lawrence W. Sperling S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff brought an action for an accounting of the profits of a joint adventure. The defendant moved to stay proceedings pending arbitration pursuant to section 3 of the United States Arbitration Act. This motion was denied and defendant appealed the ruling, claiming as justification for the appeal that an interlocutory order denying a stay was a denial of an injunction under section 1292 of the Judicial Code. The court of appeals dismissed the appeal. On certiorari to the Supreme Court, held, affirmed, two justices dissenting. A stay of proceedings in a suit where plaintiff's action is equitable in nature …
Gray Vs. Powell And The Scope Of Review, Bernard Schwartz
Gray Vs. Powell And The Scope Of Review, Bernard Schwartz
Michigan Law Review
In dissenting from the decision of the Supreme Court in a celebrated administrative-law case, Justice Jackson once declared: "I give up. Now I realize fully what Mark Twain meant when he said, 'The more you explain it, the more I don't understand it.' " It cannot be denied that the learned justice's reaction is one which is often felt by students of Supreme Court jurisprudence. This has been particularly true of the field involved in the case which called forth Justice Jackson's plaint--i.e., that of administrative law. American administrative lawyers have not infrequently had this same response to decisions of …
Partial Strikes And National Labor Policy, Richard Mittenthal
Partial Strikes And National Labor Policy, Richard Mittenthal
Michigan Law Review
Some authorities have argued that "partial strike" is a misnomer and a contradiction in terms. In their view, a partial strike is not in fact a "strike" and should not be entitled to any of the legal benefits and protections which may stem from a strike status. That argument is discredited today, especially because of the broad definitions which were incorporated in the amended National Labor Relations Act. In Title V, section 50 l (2) of the act, Congress said: "The term 'strike' includes any strike or other concerted stoppage of work by employees ... and any concerted slowdown or …
Real Property - Elimination Of The Straw Man In The Creation Of Joint Estates In Michigan, Edward H. Hoenicke S.Ed.
Real Property - Elimination Of The Straw Man In The Creation Of Joint Estates In Michigan, Edward H. Hoenicke S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
That joint ownership is a popular form of holding title to real property is undeniable. A husband and wife are especially likely to consider this form of ownership as "natural" and desirable because it emphasizes the concept of marriage as a partnership and gives both partners control over and ownership in the family property. In addition to these factors, joint ownership is popular because of the right of survivorship which is incident to it. In this feature the layman sees, or thinks he sees, the opportunity to avoid a probate proceeding, the estate tax, and the lawyer's fee. It is …
Corporations - Provisions In Articles Authorizing Call Of Common Stock At Option Of Corporation, Dale W. Van Winkle S.Ed.
Corporations - Provisions In Articles Authorizing Call Of Common Stock At Option Of Corporation, Dale W. Van Winkle S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Amendments to the articles of organization of the defendant corporation provided that the board of directors might at any time purchase its common stock in whole or in part from any holder thereof. After the directors initiated proceedings to purchase a portion of the shares held by plaintiff, plaintiff brought a bill in equity asking that an injunction be issued to restrain the corporation from proceeding further. The superior court entered a decree for the defendant. On appeal, held, affirmed. The provision authorizing the call of common stock is neither forbidden by statute nor contrary to public policy. Lewis …
Evidence - Spontaneous Declarations - Statement By Injured Party While On Way To Hospital, James Beatty S.Ed.
Evidence - Spontaneous Declarations - Statement By Injured Party While On Way To Hospital, James Beatty S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiffs were injured in an automobile accident involving a car, driven by the defendant's decedent, and two oncoming trucks, one passing the other on a three lane highway. Twenty-five minutes after the accident a state police officer arrived and took the driver of the passing truck, who was severely burned and in terrific pain, to the hospital. En route and in response to the officer's inquiry, the driver stated that defendant had caused the accident by swerving to the wrong side of the road. The statement was admitted over defendant's objection that it was hearsay, and verdict was rendered for …
Labor Law - Collective Bargaining - Enforceability Of Collective Agreements Under Section 301(A), Douglas Peck S.Ed.
Labor Law - Collective Bargaining - Enforceability Of Collective Agreements Under Section 301(A), Douglas Peck S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff, an unincorporated labor organization, filed suit in federal district court to enforce a collective bargaining agreement with defendant. The complaint alleged that defendant was obligated by the agreement to pay employees represented by the plaintiff their full salary for the month of April 1951 regardless of the fact that they had been absent on certain working days. The suit was brought under section 301 (a) of the Labor-Management Relations Act of 1947.On appeal from a court of appeals decision directing dismissal for lack of jurisdiction, held, affirmed, two justices dissenting. An action by a labor organization to enforce …
Real Property - Recording - Sufficiency Of Description For Notice, Elliott H. Levitas
Real Property - Recording - Sufficiency Of Description For Notice, Elliott H. Levitas
Michigan Law Review
The grantor owned the disputed property in Scurry County, Texas, when he purported to convey to A, by quit-claim deed, properties described as "all the oil, gas and mining leases ... located anywhere within the United States, most of which are located within the states of New Mexico, Kansas, Oklahoma, Louisiana and Texas." This instrument was recorded in Scurry County. Subsequently, the grantor executed a conveyance to B covering the Scurry County interests, and B, in turn, conveyed them to C. C's search of the record did not disclose the prior conveyance to A. In …
Wills - Ademption - Sale Of Property By Guardian Of Physically Incompetent Testator, David W. Swanson S.Ed.
Wills - Ademption - Sale Of Property By Guardian Of Physically Incompetent Testator, David W. Swanson S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
By a will executed in 1950, testator devised his undivided one-half interest in his home to his wife in fee simple. A year · later and with his consent, the probate court appointed a guardian for him on the ground of physical incompetency. In 1952 the guardian sold the devised property under court order, at which proceeding the testator was properly before the court, was consulted, and agreed to the sale. A small portion of the proceeds was used for the support of the testator but $7271 remained at his death five months later and was turned over to his …
Constitutional Law - Due Process - Automatic And Permanent Dismissal Of Public School Teachers For Invoking The Privilege Against Self-Incrimination, John B. Huck S.Ed.
Constitutional Law - Due Process - Automatic And Permanent Dismissal Of Public School Teachers For Invoking The Privilege Against Self-Incrimination, John B. Huck S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Petitioners, employed as public school teachers in New York City, were subpoenaed to appear before a Senate Internal Security Subcommittee. When questioned by the committee about communist activities, petitioners asserted the constitutional privilege against self-incrimination. Pursuant to the New York City Charter, they were summarily dismissed and permanently barred from re-employment by the city. No hearing was required nor given prior to the dismissal. There was no evidence of conduct otherwise warranting a dismissal. In an action for reinstatement, held, dismissal affirmed. Daniman v. Board of Education of City of New York, 306 N.Y. 532, 119 N.E. (2d) …
Labor Law - Certified Union's Loss Of Majority Status During Certification Year And Without Fault Of Employer As Justification For Refusal To Bargain, Eugene Alkema S.Ed.
Labor Law - Certified Union's Loss Of Majority Status During Certification Year And Without Fault Of Employer As Justification For Refusal To Bargain, Eugene Alkema S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
The "one year certification rule" was originated in the early years of the National Labor Relations Board and has been consistently applied by it. Essentially it provides that after certification an employer is required to bargain with the certified union for a reasonable time, which is usually one year in the absence of "unusual circumstances." The certified union is conclusively presumed to represent a majority of employees in the unit for that period, the presumption afterward becoming rebuttable. This system of successive conclusive and rebuttable presumptions represents a compromise between the competing policies of giving a union time to establish …
Corporations - Extent To Which Vote Of Proxy Binds The Shareholders, Herbert R. Brown S.Ed.
Corporations - Extent To Which Vote Of Proxy Binds The Shareholders, Herbert R. Brown S.Ed.
Michigan Law Review
Plaintiff; in a derivative action, charged certain directors of the corporation with appropriating a corporate opportunity to their own benefit. Defendant directors moved for summary judgment· on the ground that the questioned transaction was ratified by the stockholders, with plaintiff's stock being voted by proxy in favor of ratification. Held, motion for summary judgment denied. The plaintiff was not estopped from suit even though her proxyholder, the corporation management, voted her stock for the ratification, since she had no notice that the question was to be voted on when she gave her proxy. Gottlieb v. McKee, (Del. Ch. …