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Articles 1 - 30 of 48
Full-Text Articles in Law
Refugee Law In Context: Natural Law, Legal Positivism And The Convention, Isaac Kfir
Refugee Law In Context: Natural Law, Legal Positivism And The Convention, Isaac Kfir
Isaac Kfir
The contemporary international refugee system was product of a desire to provide protection and assistance to those who have a well-founded fear of persecution, a somewhat sophistic term in the twenty-first century, which may explain why the system has become cumbersome, incoherent and divisive. One explanation for the tension within the refugee regime is that states—mainly western states—seek to reduce refugee applications while adhering and upholding their international obligations. Another explanation is that it is tensions between two legal traditions—natural law and legal positivism—that are shape the international refugee law that have led to the crisis, preventing a clear legal …
Brian H. Stuy (With Foreward By David Smolin), Open Secret: Cash And Coercion In China's International Adoption Program, Brian H. Stuy
Brian H. Stuy (With Foreward By David Smolin), Open Secret: Cash And Coercion In China's International Adoption Program, Brian H. Stuy
David M. Smolin
Open Secret is a documentation and analysis of seriously abusive practices in China's intercountry adoption system. The article describes three kinds of abuses: baby-buying programs at Chinese orphanages, "confiscations" of children by population control officials, and "education" programs in which orphanages falsify the ages and family situation of teenagers in order to make them paper eligible for intercountry adoption. The article questions the effectiveness of the Hague legal regimen for intercountry adoption, particularly in the context of China. A brief foreward by David Smolin places Brian Stuy's extensively-researched article about adoptions from China in a broader context.
Nuclear Chain Reaction: Why Economic Sanctions Are Not Worth The Public Costs, Nicholas C.W. Wolfe
Nuclear Chain Reaction: Why Economic Sanctions Are Not Worth The Public Costs, Nicholas C.W. Wolfe
Nicholas A Wolfe
International economic sanctions frequently violate human rights in targeted states and rarely achieve their objectives. However, many hail economic sanctions as an important nonviolent tool for coercing and persuading change. In November 2013, the Islamic Republic of Iran negotiated a temporary agreement with major world powers regarding Iran’s nuclear program. The United States’ media and politicians have repeatedly and incorrectly attributed Iran’s willingness to negotiate to the effectiveness of economic sanctions.
Politicians primarily focus on immediate domestic effects and enact sanctions without a thorough understanding of the long-term effects on the United States economy and the public within a targeted …
Governing For The Corporations: History And Analysis Of U.S. Promotion Of Foreign Investment, Michael R. Miller
Governing For The Corporations: History And Analysis Of U.S. Promotion Of Foreign Investment, Michael R. Miller
Michael R Miller
This paper explores and analyzes U.S. government support for foreign investors, especially major oil companies.
Throughout the 20th Century the US government has repeatedly used its international political influence to benefit US corporate activities abroad. The US government and others assumed initially that this was in the larger interests of the United States because US companies would represent and promote the United States’ policy agenda.
However, US corporate activities abroad over the last century seem to indicate this assumption was flawed. In numerous examples, US corporations have either ignored or thwarted the stated interests of the US government. At first …
The Ciudades Modelo Project: Testing The Legality Of Paul Romer’S Charter Cities Concept By Analyzing The Constitutionality Of The Honduran Zones For Employment And Economic Development, Michael R. Miller
Michael R Miller
Over the last several years, the Honduran government has been aggressively advancing a "model cities" project that it argues will provide options for its citizens to escape the extreme violence in their country without migrating to the U.S. The model cities, which are formally called "Zones for Employment and Economic Development" ("ZEDEs"), are purported to be autonomously governed areas that will attract foreign investment and compete for residents by establishing safer communities and better managed institutions governed by the rule of law.
The ZEDEs trace their origin to a concept formulated by development economist Paul Romer, who proposed the idea …
Archaeological Sites And Mangrove Forest: A Legal Overview Of The Ecologically Critical Areas In The Bangladesh Context, Arpeeta Shams Mizan
Archaeological Sites And Mangrove Forest: A Legal Overview Of The Ecologically Critical Areas In The Bangladesh Context, Arpeeta Shams Mizan
Arpeeta Shams Mizan
Ecologically critical area as a concept is practised globally to preserve the natural biodiversity of environmentally endangered areas. These areas also fall under the criteria of natural and cultural heritage. Since the Stockholm Declaration, leading international legal instruments have reiterated their sanctity in consonance with the principles of Intergenerational equity and also of human rights. The environmental law in Bangladesh has incorporated these principles by making provisions for Ecologically Critical Areas (ECAs) in the Bangladesh Environment Conservation Act 1995 (as amended in 2010) and the Environment Conservation Rules 1997. Bangladesh is a signatory to the World Heritage Convention, the principal …
The Troubled State Of America's Nursing Homes, Albert Moran
The Troubled State Of America's Nursing Homes, Albert Moran
Albert Moran
Even the most cursory search of news coverage involving nursing homes reveals that horror stories are not difficult to come by. Although the grisly details of each individual horror story vary, most of them share the same general story line—through some combination of gross negligence and profound systemic failure, elderly citizens can experience disturbing conditions in nursing homes that result in suffering and sometimes death. While egregious stories make local news headlines every so often and prompt a brief firestorm of public criticism, the everyday reality of nursing homes is much less sensationalized, and arguably even more sobering. Statistics indicate …
Incorporating The Third Party Beneficiary Principle In Natural Resource Contracts, James T. Gathii
Incorporating The Third Party Beneficiary Principle In Natural Resource Contracts, James T. Gathii
James Thuo Gathii
Third world citizens—parties who often have the most to lose in natural resource contracts between their governments and foreign investors—often have no voice in negotiations of the contracts and consequently have no remedy under contract law when harms occur or when the contracts are not properly enforced. The privity doctrine, which permits contract suits only by parties to the contract, bars these citizens from suing because they were not in privity with any of the contracting parties, despite that these contracts are generally made for the benefit of these citizens. However, some countries have adopted—and this Essay argues other countries …
The Law And Economics Of Microfinance, Katherine Helen Mary Hunt
The Law And Economics Of Microfinance, Katherine Helen Mary Hunt
Katherine Helen Mary Hunt
Financial inclusion may be jargon which appeals to international donors and academics, but the strategic implementation in developing countries is often based on international du jour priorities, such as microfinance. The topic of microfinance is highly debated in the academic literature, although little empirical work has been published. Further, no literature to date has considered microfinance from a law and economics perspective. This paper seeks to contribute to the gap in the literature by considering how microfinance has evolved to address the credit market failure, and how microfinance regulation should be designed to promote long term financial inclusion via financially …
The Necessity Of A Human Rights Accountabilty For The United Nations, Gerhard Niedrist
The Necessity Of A Human Rights Accountabilty For The United Nations, Gerhard Niedrist
Gerhard Niedrist
The United Nations is an exceptional organization that covers nearly all states of the world. The UN has not only contributed greatly to the maintenance of international peace and security, but also has contributed significantly to the development of the present international human rights regime. With the end of the Cold War and the new geopolitical order in the early nineties, the concept of peace maintenance changed more and more to active peace-enforcement. UN operations gradually turned into “peace-making” operations, like those in Yugoslavia and Rwanda. This new type of peacemaking also led to new tasks for the UN, which …
Is It Time For The Court To Accept The O.F.F.E.R.? Applying Smith V. Organization Of Foster Families For Equality And Reform To Promote Clarity, Consistency, And Federalism In The World Of De Facto Parenthood, Eric A. Degroff, Steven W. Fitschen
Is It Time For The Court To Accept The O.F.F.E.R.? Applying Smith V. Organization Of Foster Families For Equality And Reform To Promote Clarity, Consistency, And Federalism In The World Of De Facto Parenthood, Eric A. Degroff, Steven W. Fitschen
Eric A DeGroff
The question of psychological, or de facto, parents and their rights versus biological or adoptive parents has been percolating through the state and lower federal courts for some years. Given the disparity in approaches and the constitutional issues implicated, it is likely that the Supreme Court will take up this issue, and it may well do so in the near future. When it does, it is imperative that the Court adopt a test that will serve American society and her children and families well. This article proposes such a test.
The argument could be made that, absent a finding …
Marriage Penalty: How Stacking Income Affects The Secondary Earner’S Decision To Work, Kevin M. Walsh
Marriage Penalty: How Stacking Income Affects The Secondary Earner’S Decision To Work, Kevin M. Walsh
Kevin M Walsh
Our progressive tax rate structure is aimed at taxing citizens fairly and based on their ability to pay. The rate structure, however, partially loses its purpose when analyzing the income taxation of married individuals. If a married couple decides to file jointly they are sometimes taxed at higher rates than individuals are depending on the incomes of the couple. This has created what we know today as the “marriage penalty,” and it can serve as a deterrent to the secondary earner from working.
There is no simple solution to address how the marriage penalty, in combination with necessary expenses, affects …
Balancing The Scales: Adhuc Sub Judice Li Est Or Trial By Media, Casey J. Cooper
Balancing The Scales: Adhuc Sub Judice Li Est Or Trial By Media, Casey J. Cooper
Casey J Cooper
The right to freedom of expression and free press is recognized under almost all major human rights instruments and domestic legal systems—common and civil—in the world. However, what do you do when a fundamental right conflicts with another equally fundamental right, like the right to a fair trial? In the United States, the freedom of speech, encompassing the freedom of the press, goes nearly unfettered: the case is not the same for other common law countries. In light of cultural and historic facts, institutional factors, modern realities, and case-law, this Article contends that current American jurisprudence does not take into …
The New World Order: Humanitarian Interventions From Kosovo To Libya And Perhaps Syrian?, Ilan Fuchs, Harry Borowski
The New World Order: Humanitarian Interventions From Kosovo To Libya And Perhaps Syrian?, Ilan Fuchs, Harry Borowski
Ilan Fuchs
The Involvement of NATO forces in the toppling of Libyan longtime dictator Muammar Kaddafi was received with standing ovation in world media. The Libyan dictator was involved in terrorism and in crimes not only against his own people but against citizens of many other countries as well. One question seems to have been overlooked: under what grounds did NATO join an armed non-international conflict? This article will reevaluate the few sources that discuss the issue and offer a model that will help define the ambiguous scenario of humanitarian intervention.
[7x1] Watch True Blood Season 7 Episode 1 Full Online Stream, Huncelle Lovely
[7x1] Watch True Blood Season 7 Episode 1 Full Online Stream, Huncelle Lovely
Huncelle Lovely
True Blood Season 7 Episode 1 S07E1 Online Free,True Blood Season 7 Episode 1 Live Stream, True Blood Season 7 Episode 1 Online Stream, Watch Here > http://w.atch.me/RgBNfsWatch Here > http://w.atch.me/RgBNfsWatch Here > http://w.atch.me/RgBNfsTrue Blood Season 7 Episode 1 Watch Online, True Blood Season S07E1 Full Streaming, Watch True Blood Season 7x1 Free Stream, Watch True Blood Season 7 Episode 1 Online Stream, Watch True Blood Season 7 Episode 1 Live Stream, Watch True Blood Season 7 Episode 1 Free Online, True Blood Season 7 Episode 1 Full Video Replay, Download True Blood Season 7 Episode 1 torrentSookie Stackhouse, a telepathic barmaid finds …
Adam Smith's Lectures On Jurisprudence-Justice, Law, And The Moral Economy, Walter J. Kendall Lll
Adam Smith's Lectures On Jurisprudence-Justice, Law, And The Moral Economy, Walter J. Kendall Lll
Walter J. Kendall lll
Adam Smith, a leading thinker of the British Enlightenment, is universally known as the author of the Wealth of Nations and an economic theorist. He is less well known as the author of a Theory of Moral Sentiments and an ethicist. And known almost not at all for his Lectures on Jurisprudence or as a legal theorist. This essay looks at Smith’s thought through the lens of his Lectures on Jurisprudence. It highlights the almost paradoxical positions Smith had on self-interest, markets, government, and economic expansion. Obscured by his reputation and these paradoxes are his views on justice, equality, and …
Nigger Manifesto: Ideological And Intellectual Discrimination Inside The Academy, Ellis Washington
Nigger Manifesto: Ideological And Intellectual Discrimination Inside The Academy, Ellis Washington
Ellis Washington
Draft – 22 March 2014
Nigger Manifesto
Ideological Racism inside the American Academy
By Ellis Washington, J.D.
Abstract
I was born for War. For over 30 years I have worked indefatigably, I have labored assiduously to build a relevant resume; a unique curriculum vitae as an iconoclastic law scholar zealous for natural law, natural rights, and the original intent of the constitutional Framers—a Black conservative intellectual born in the ghettos of Detroit, abandoned by his father at 18 months, who came of age during the Detroit Race Riots of 1967… an American original. My task, to expressly transcend the ubiquitous …
Cuba And China: A Comparative Study Of Digital Oppression, Katharine M. Villalobos
Cuba And China: A Comparative Study Of Digital Oppression, Katharine M. Villalobos
Katharine M. Villalobos
The Digital Age has introduced a new form of expression that totalitarian states are struggling to silence. With social sharing websites like Twitter and Youtube, political dissidents living under oppressive governments can expose governmental abuse to web-users worldwide in a matter of seconds. However, while digital media has proved more difficult to control than traditional, non-electronic media, dictatorships like Cuba and China are resolved to prevent its inhabitants from freely using and expressing themselves on the Internet—even if that means violating their obligations as signatories of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR).
Both Cuba and China are …
Abortion In South Africa And The United States: An Integrative, Contrastive Comparative Analysis Of The Effect Of Legal And Cultural Influences On Implementation Of Abortion Rights, Danielle Y. Blanks
Abortion In South Africa And The United States: An Integrative, Contrastive Comparative Analysis Of The Effect Of Legal And Cultural Influences On Implementation Of Abortion Rights, Danielle Y. Blanks
Danielle Y Blanks
Despite similarly progressive abortion rights laws, women in South Africa and the U.S. experience completely different levels of access to legal and safe abortions. In this paper, I will seek to explain the reasons for this disparity by describing the ways in which natural law has influenced the application of law in the U.S. and South Africa while examining the role of cultural values in the realization of abortion rights. I will take an integrative approach to explain ideological similarities and a contrastive approach to denote the cultural differences that have led to a de facto marginalization of South African …
Book Review: Fresh Water In International Law. By Laurence Boisson De Chazournes, Oxford, Oxford University Press (Dec. 2013). , Itzchak Kornfeld
Book Review: Fresh Water In International Law. By Laurence Boisson De Chazournes, Oxford, Oxford University Press (Dec. 2013). , Itzchak Kornfeld
Itzchak E. Kornfeld
This book review of an extremely timely, far-reaching and comprehensive book by Professor Laurence Boisson de Chazournes, titled Fresh Water in International Law, by an expert in the field. Today, in an era of climate change, wide spread droughts across the globe, the fate of fresh water, which is a fixed resource and is the source of life, is an ominous problem in and for international law. Boisson de Chazournes addresses issues related to treaty design and interpretation, case law, UN initiatives, human rights issues and the development of the human right to water. The author also stresses that today …
In Defense Of Surrogacy Agreements: A Modern Contract Law Perspective, Yehezkel Margalit
In Defense Of Surrogacy Agreements: A Modern Contract Law Perspective, Yehezkel Margalit
Hezi Margalit
The American public’s attention was first exposed to the practice of surrogacy in 1988 with the drama and verdict of the Baby M case. Over the last twenty-five years the practice of surrogacy has slowly but surely become increasingly socially accepted and even welcomed. This evolution serves to emphasize the bizarre judicial and legislative silence regarding surrogacy that exists today in the vast majority of U.S. jurisdictions. In this article I describe and trace the dramatic revolution that took place during the recent decades as the surrogacy practice has totally changed from one viewed as problematic and rejected to a …
When Art Becomes Free: On Artistic In-Expression & Personal Convictions, Amir H. Khoury
When Art Becomes Free: On Artistic In-Expression & Personal Convictions, Amir H. Khoury
Amir Khoury
In this paper I argue that just as there are moral rights in copyright law, which secure attribution and integrity, so too, there should be 'inverse' moral rights that can protect artists from being impelled or compelled to create in the first place. This research comes against the backdrop of one of the most contentious issues in the Western world today, that pertaining to same-sex marriage. But the discussion applies to all other fields where creativity finds itself in a battle over personal convictions. In my view, the inverse moral rights construct is the true reflection of the extent of …
Marriage Equailty: Why Laws Restricting Same-Sex Couples' Rights Should Be Subject To Heightened Scrutiny Under Equal Protection Challenges., Cory A. Delellis
Marriage Equailty: Why Laws Restricting Same-Sex Couples' Rights Should Be Subject To Heightened Scrutiny Under Equal Protection Challenges., Cory A. Delellis
Cory A DeLellis
This thesis discusses why laws that restrict marital rights and recognition, on the basis of the couple’s sexual orientation, should be subject to a heightened or intermediate level of judicial scrutiny under Equal Protection challenges. This thesis addresses, analyzes, and suggests why sexual orientation – within the context of same-sex couples – should be considered a quasi-suspect class, rather than a non-suspect class, so that laws negatively impacting couples based on their sexual orientation are subjected to a fairer and more reasonable level of judicial scrutiny.
An “I Do” I Choose: How The Fight For Marriage Access Supports A Per Se Finding Of Persecution For Asylum Cases Based On Forced Marriage, Natalie Nanasi
An “I Do” I Choose: How The Fight For Marriage Access Supports A Per Se Finding Of Persecution For Asylum Cases Based On Forced Marriage, Natalie Nanasi
Natalie Nanasi
There is something special about marriage. The U.S. Supreme Court, in striking down anti-miscegenation laws, restrictions on the right to marry for disadvantaged groups, and most recently, the Defense of Marriage Act, has long recognized the marital union to be “sacred” and “fundamental to…existence.” Yet this analysis is dramatically different when courts consider asylum law, where a woman who is seeking refuge in the United States to protect her from a forced marriage abroad will likely be denied protection because the harm she fears is not considered to be a “persecutory” act. She may therefore be forced to spend a …
Behavioral International Law, Tomer Broude
Behavioral International Law, Tomer Broude
Tomer Broude
Economic analysis and rational choice have in the last decade made significant inroads into the study of international law and institutions, relying upon standard assumptions of perfect rationality of states and decision-makers. This approach is inadequate, both empirically and in its tendency towards outdated formulations of political theory. This article presents an alternative behavioral approach that provides new hypotheses addressing problems in international law while introducing empirically grounded concepts of real, observed rationality. First, I address methodological objections to behavioral analysis of international law: the focus of behavioral research on the individual; the empirical foundations of behavioral economics; and behavioral …
The Eu’S Accession To The European Convention On Human Rights: An International Law Perspective, Jed Odermatt
The Eu’S Accession To The European Convention On Human Rights: An International Law Perspective, Jed Odermatt
Jed Odermatt
Article 6(2) of the Treaty on European Union establishes that the Union “shall accede to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.” In early 2013, negotiators of the 47 Council of Europe member states and the European Union finalised a draft Accession Agreement that would allow the EU to accede to Convention. Taking this draft Accession Agreement as a starting point, this paper examines the issues and challenges that EU accession poses from an international law perspective. Much of the literature on the EU accession has focused on the effect that this process will have …
A "Bare ... Desire To Harm?" Marriage And Catholic Conscience Post - Windsor, Helen M. Alvare
A "Bare ... Desire To Harm?" Marriage And Catholic Conscience Post - Windsor, Helen M. Alvare
helen m alvare
No abstract provided.
Legitimate Persecution: The Effect Of Asylum’S Nexus Clause, Nicholas Bolzman
Legitimate Persecution: The Effect Of Asylum’S Nexus Clause, Nicholas Bolzman
Nicholas Bolzman
The United States adopted its first comprehensive asylum law in 1980, after various ad hoc attempts to craft an immigration scheme for those fleeing persecution had limited success. While the 1980 law does correct for many prior problems, it still retains some arbitrary limitations. Specifically, the requirement that applicants show persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion creates significant hurdles for those whose persecution is not disputed, but whose persecutors’ motives are based on something else. Examples are persecution based on gender, FGM, sexual orientation, recruitment as child soldiers, and those …
A Criminal’S Path To The American Dream: Extradition As A Drug Enforcement Policy Tool, Laura A. Gavilan
A Criminal’S Path To The American Dream: Extradition As A Drug Enforcement Policy Tool, Laura A. Gavilan
Laura A Gavilan
This article explores a little-known avenue of immigration to the United States: the path that criminals from other nations embark on when they are extradited to the United States and, through cooperation agreements with law enforcement, are able to obtain immigration benefits and legal status. To illustrate this phenomenon, this article outlines the case of the United States’ war on drugs, which has led to the extradition of hundreds of Colombian drug traffickers and paramilitary leaders to the United States during the past two decades. While many of these extradited individuals have been deported back to Colombia after fulfilling their …
A Criminal’S Path To The American Dream: Extradition As A Drug Enforcement Policy Tool, Laura A. Gavilan
A Criminal’S Path To The American Dream: Extradition As A Drug Enforcement Policy Tool, Laura A. Gavilan
Laura A Gavilan
This article explores a little-known avenue of immigration to the United States: the path that criminals from other nations embark on when they are extradited to the United States and, through cooperation agreements with law enforcement, are able to obtain immigration benefits and legal status. To illustrate this phenomenon, this article outlines the case of the United States’ war on drugs, which has led to the extradition of hundreds of Colombian drug traffickers and paramilitary leaders to the United States during the past two decades. While many of these extradited individuals have been deported back to Colombia after fulfilling their …