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Articles 1 - 30 of 153
Full-Text Articles in Law
India’S Use Of Public/Private Partnerships To Promote Rapid Expansion Of Solar Electricity Facilities, Kara Consalo
India’S Use Of Public/Private Partnerships To Promote Rapid Expansion Of Solar Electricity Facilities, Kara Consalo
Journal Publications
This Article will explore the use of PPPs to encourage the flow of private capital and expertise toward development of low-carbon, low pollution, sustainable energy generation in India to achieve the country's ambitious goal of creating 175 gigawatts of renewably sourced electricity by 2022. The lessons in India's extensive use of PPPs to achieve such ambitious electricity goals should serve as a model for other governments to engage the private sector to successfully develop solar and other renewable energy projects with limited risk but with significant benefits for their citizens.
Vulnerable Populations: Climate Change And Extreme Weather Threats Facing Urban Communities, Kara Consalo
Vulnerable Populations: Climate Change And Extreme Weather Threats Facing Urban Communities, Kara Consalo
Journal Publications
This article explores increasing extreme weather threats facing American cities due to global climate change, including hurricanes, floods, heat waves, and wildfires. After explanation of such threats, the paper delves into case studies of the response and resiliency measures being undertaken by three preeminent coastal American cities to prepare for weather disasters: New York, Miami, and San Francisco. The paper concludes by providing guidance and recommendations for urban policymakers seeking to develop resiliency measures in the face of long-term effects and short-term emergencies created by climate and weather extremes. Such recommendations include how to initiate and fund development of climate …
Does The Doctrine Of Equitable Apportionment Apply To Conflicts Between States Over Groundwater Resources When Such Resources Are Derived From An Aquifer That Lies Beneath More Than One State?, Robert Abrams
Journal Publications
The Middle Claiborne Aquifer is a large sand formation that contains groundwater within its sand’s porous spaces. The Aquifer spans beneath Mississippi, Tennessee, and at least six other neighboring states. Since 1886, the City of Memphis has withdrawn water from the aquifer to supply drinking water. Memphis also has withdrawn water for irrigation and industrial purposes. Due to increased water pumping, water levels in the aquifer have dropped, lowering the piezometric head (water pressure) in different locations, including between the two states’ borders. In 2005, Mississippi filed suit against the City of Memphis and the Memphis Light, Gas and Water …
The Acf Water Wars Final Episode: Is Florida Entitled To Greater Flow In The Apalachicola River?, Robert Abrams
The Acf Water Wars Final Episode: Is Florida Entitled To Greater Flow In The Apalachicola River?, Robert Abrams
Journal Publications
This case marks the second trip to the Supreme Court for Florida’s equitable apportionment case seeking to obtain greater flows into Apalachicola Bay, the estuary of the ApalachicolaChattahoochee-Flint (ACF) River Basin. In a 2018 decision, the Supreme Court reviewed a report of then-Special Master Ralph Lancaster recommending that the Court deny relief to Florida because of the Court’s inability to provide relief without having the Army Corps of Engineers as a party to the litigation. At that time, a 5–4 majority ruled that the Special Master had applied too demanding a standard of proof to the issues surrounding redressability and …
Under The Pecos River Compact, Can Texas's Allocation Of Water Be Charged For Evaporation Of Floodwater Stored In An Upstream Reservoir Located In New Mexico?, Robert Abrams
Journal Publications
The 1949 Pecos River Compact allocates the river’s water between Texas and New Mexico. In an earlier phase of this original jurisdiction litigation, concluded roughly 30 years ago, the Supreme Court resolved issues regarding how the states’ obligations were to be calculated. The Compact allocation involves a highly technical formula that depends on measurements of the river’s inflow and outflow in each water year. To effectuate its decision going forward, the Court retained jurisdiction and appointed a River Master to oversee the annual quantification of New Mexico’s delivery obligation. The current dispute arose when in fall of 2014, Tropical Storm …
Does The National Forest Service Have Authority To Grant Rights-Of-Way Under The Mineral Leasing Act Through National Forest Lands Traversed By The Appalachian Trails, Robert Abrams
Journal Publications
Atlantic Coast Pipeline, LLC, proposed construction of a natural gas pipeline stretching from West Virginia to North Carolina. The route approved by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission included a section running across National Forest System land, including the point at which the pipeline would cross the Appalachian National Scenic Trail (ANST). After initial objections, the U.S. Forest Service reversed course and issued the needed right-of-way across National Forest System lands. Environmental groups objected and a three-judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit unanimously held that the Forest Service had acted arbitrarily and capriciously thereby violating …
The Rock: The Role Water Plays In Our Lives, Ronald Griffin
The Rock: The Role Water Plays In Our Lives, Ronald Griffin
Faculty Books and Book Contributions
We witness increasing interconnectedness of issues, internationalization of flows of goods and movement of labor, intergovernmental cooperation, new attitudes to personal rights and meaning of family, including human rights, as well as changes of values, moral principles and ethical conceptions.We live in a pervious world. Traditional boundaries have become permeable. One of the great challenges of our time is the response of the law to current developments. The authors of the collection of essays offered in this book seek to analyze some of these challenges.The essays are revised versions based on presentations at the International Conferences on Law organized by …
"Fowl" Practice Of Humane Labeling: Proposed Amendments To Federal Standards Governing Chicken Welfare And Poultry Labeling Practices, Latravia Smith
"Fowl" Practice Of Humane Labeling: Proposed Amendments To Federal Standards Governing Chicken Welfare And Poultry Labeling Practices, Latravia Smith
Alumni Works
Chickens raised specifically for meat production are the world’s most intensively farmed land animals. Yet, the existing legal frameworks that regulate the production and labeling of poultry products in the United States allow poultry producers to mistreat chickens, falsely distinguish poultry products, and defraud conscious consumers. This article proposes unique opportunities to improve poultry welfare in the United States’ agricultural industry and offers methods to ensure the accurate labeling of poultry products.
Recent Developments In Climate Justice, Randall S. Abate, Rachel Jean-Baptiste, Maria Antonia Tigre, Patricia Ferreira, Wil Burns
Recent Developments In Climate Justice, Randall S. Abate, Rachel Jean-Baptiste, Maria Antonia Tigre, Patricia Ferreira, Wil Burns
Journal Publications
Climate justice can be defined generally as addressing the disproportionate burden of climate change impacts on poor and marginalized communities. It seeks to promote more equitable allocation of these burdens at the local, national, and global levels through proactive regulatory initiatives and reactive judicial remedies that draw on international human rights and domestic environmental justice theories. Yet, efforts to define climate justice as a field of inquiry remain elusive and underinclusive; a recent book, Climate Justice: Case Studies in Global and Regional Governance Challenges (ELI Press 2016), seeks to fill that void by providing an overview of the landscape of …
From Gorsuch To Gorsuch: Family Reformation On Agency Power, Matthew Noxsel
From Gorsuch To Gorsuch: Family Reformation On Agency Power, Matthew Noxsel
Florida A & M University Law Review
Although Chevron has drawn extensive scholarship examining its doctrinal origins,17 evolution,18 and impact,19 this is not one of those inquiries. Instead, this Comment seeks to address some of the circumstances and rationale motivating certain people behind Chevron, and therefore the doctrine and its impact will be discussed in short form. Accordingly, Part II of this Comment will use Anne Gorsuch’s service at the EPA as a lens through which to view the conservative revolution that occurred before and during the Reagan years, with an eye toward a subtle change in thinking from previous generations regarding agency regulations. Part III of …
The Injustice Of Sea Level Rise: Ethics And Evidence, Lies And Liability--Event Poster, Professor Keith Rizzardi
The Injustice Of Sea Level Rise: Ethics And Evidence, Lies And Liability--Event Poster, Professor Keith Rizzardi
Lectures and Presentations
The Center for International Law & Justice (CILJ) and the Environment, Development & Justice Program (EDJP) present a lecture by Professor Keith Rizzardi. Professor Rizzardi, an experienced government lawyer and litigator, teaches at St. Thomas University School of Law.
The Injustice Of Sea Level Rise: Ethics And Evidence, Lies And Liability--Text Of Speech, Professor Keith Rizzardi
The Injustice Of Sea Level Rise: Ethics And Evidence, Lies And Liability--Text Of Speech, Professor Keith Rizzardi
Lectures and Presentations
The Center for International Law & Justice (CILJ) and the Environment, Development & Justice Program (EDJP) present the Second Annual Climate and Energy Justice Lecture by Professor Keith Rizzardi. Professor Rizzardi, an experienced government lawyer and litigator, teaches at St. Thomas University School of Law.
The Injustice Of Sea Level Rise: Ethics And Evidence, Lies And Liability--Slides And Data Presentation, Professor Keith Rizzardi
The Injustice Of Sea Level Rise: Ethics And Evidence, Lies And Liability--Slides And Data Presentation, Professor Keith Rizzardi
Lectures and Presentations
The Center for International Law & Justice (CILJ) and the Environment, Development & Justice Program (EDJP) present the Second Annual Climate and Energy Justice Lecture by Professor Keith Rizzardi. Professor Rizzardi, an experienced government lawyer and litigator, teaches at St. Thomas University School of Law.
From Paris To Orlando: Achieving Climate Justice In Our Communities, Tim Heberlein, Moderator, Josephine Balzac, Esq., Jasmine Burney, Chris Castro, Jeannie Economos
From Paris To Orlando: Achieving Climate Justice In Our Communities, Tim Heberlein, Moderator, Josephine Balzac, Esq., Jasmine Burney, Chris Castro, Jeannie Economos
Environmental and Animal Law
Florida A & M University College of Law, in collaboration with the City of Orlando and a host of community organizations and members, presents a panel discussion about climate justice and sustainability in our communities.
A Discussion With Epa's General Counsel Avi Garbow: Environmental Justice, Agency Priorities, And Employment, Avi S. Garbow, General Counsel
A Discussion With Epa's General Counsel Avi Garbow: Environmental Justice, Agency Priorities, And Employment, Avi S. Garbow, General Counsel
Environmental and Animal Law
The Center For International Law & Justice and Environmental Law Society present a discussion with Avi S. Garbow who, during his tenure as EPA General Counsel, has worked closely on the Clean Power Plan, Clean Water Rule and other initiatives.
Banning Metal Mining In Guatemala, Randall S. Abate, Raquel Aldana
Banning Metal Mining In Guatemala, Randall S. Abate, Raquel Aldana
Journal Publications
Metal mining is unsustainable for Guatemala and its harms insurmountable for its people. Guatemalans who oppose metal mining have been fighting for decades domestically and internationally against the environmental degradation and other human rights abuses from metal mining activities in the country with little to show for their efforts. The State is too weak and corrupt to offer much hope for reform. Guatemala requires extensive governance reforms to become the type of strong democracy capable of reaping the potential benefits of metal mining in its territory. This is a long-term project. Most Guatemalans opposed to metal mining already know this, …
Animal Law And Environmental Law: Exploring The Connections And Synergies, Randall S. Abate, Elizabeth Hallinan, Joan E. Schaffner, Bruce Myers
Animal Law And Environmental Law: Exploring The Connections And Synergies, Randall S. Abate, Elizabeth Hallinan, Joan E. Schaffner, Bruce Myers
Journal Publications
Environmental law, with its intricate layers of international, federal, state, and local laws, is more established than its animal counterpart. Yet animal law faces many of the same legal and strategic challenges that environmental law faced in seeking to establish a more secure foothold, both in the United States and abroad. In What Can Animal Law Learn From Environmental Law?, editor Randall S. Abate brought together academics, advocates, and legal professionals to examine the very different histories of environmental and animal law, as well as the legal and policy frameworks that bridge the two fields. On November 16, 2015, the …
Changing Winds And Rising Tides On Beach Renourishment In Florida: Short-Term Alternatives And Long-Term Sustainable Solutions Using Law And Policy From Florida And Nearby States, Lewis Van Alstyne Iii
Changing Winds And Rising Tides On Beach Renourishment In Florida: Short-Term Alternatives And Long-Term Sustainable Solutions Using Law And Policy From Florida And Nearby States, Lewis Van Alstyne Iii
Florida A & M University Law Review
Sandy beaches make up 825 miles of Florida's 1,260 total miles of coastline around the Sunshine State's peninsula. These beaches are changing over time due to the natural erosional forces of wind and water. Coastal engineering attempts to halt natural forces with man-made structures such as buildings, piers, groins, jetties, breakwaters, sea walls, ports, inlets, and in some cases, it creates new sandy beaches and world-class cities where none existed. In an effort to protect the new real estate from the erosion that has always existed, engineers created beach nourishment. This Article focuses on building up beaches through beach nourishment. …
Sinclair's Nightmare: Slapp-Ing Down Ag-Gag Legislation As Content-Based Restrictions Chilling Protected Free Speech, Jeffrey Vizcaino
Sinclair's Nightmare: Slapp-Ing Down Ag-Gag Legislation As Content-Based Restrictions Chilling Protected Free Speech, Jeffrey Vizcaino
Student Works
Over a century after its publication, Upton Sinclair’s 1906 novel, The Jungle, remains one of the most impactful pieces of investigative literature ever published. During 1904, in an effort to expose the heinous working conditions of Chicago’s meat packing industry, Sinclair went under disguise as a factory worker for seven weeks. While Sinclair’s purpose for The Jungle was to propel federal reform against inhumane work conditions, it was the first-hand depiction of the callous slaughtering and unsanitary processing of meat products which led to national uproar. Gaining the attention of national political leaders, including President Theodore Roosevelt, The Jungle …
Of Life And Limb: The Failure Of Florida's Water Quality Criteria To Test For Vibrio Vulnificus In Coastal Waters And The Need For Enhanced Criteria, Regulation, And Notification To Protect Public Health, Felicia Thomas
Student Works
The nefarious duo of warming oceans and rising sea levels has created a menacing yet lesser-known climate change-induced problem: an increase in sea-borne diseases. For most, the biggest concern when diving into the ocean is a possible, though exceedingly rare, shark encounter; however, it is the unexpected, unseen risk of Vibrio vulnificus that poses the greater danger. Part I of this paper discusses Vibrio vulnificus cases along the coasts of Florida, examining both the illnesses that were contracted through exposure of open wounds to seawater and those contracted through the consumption of raw oysters from the Gulf Coast. Part II …
A Shift In The Wind: Siting More Wind Power Projects Along Texas' 367-Mile Coast Of Gulf Winds, And Mitigating Potential Risk To Migratory Bird Populations, Oscar Burkholder
A Shift In The Wind: Siting More Wind Power Projects Along Texas' 367-Mile Coast Of Gulf Winds, And Mitigating Potential Risk To Migratory Bird Populations, Oscar Burkholder
Student Works
Wind farm development in Texas is surging, making wind power Texas’ hottest energy prospect. Texas currently produces more wind power than any other state by a significant margin, and it keeps blowing through major milestones almost every year. Part II of this paper discusses the relationship between Texas and wind energy, examining the success of onshore wind energy in Texas, the uncertainty and challenges of offshore wind energy in the Gulf of Mexico, and possible room for improvement in Texas’ onshore wind farms. Part III analyzes Texas’ current legal framework, evaluating key federal involvement within Texas’ wind energy industry, and …
How The Public Trust Doctrine's Fiduciary Duty Requirement Requires States' Proactive Response To Promote Offshore Power Generation, Andrew S. Ballentine
How The Public Trust Doctrine's Fiduciary Duty Requirement Requires States' Proactive Response To Promote Offshore Power Generation, Andrew S. Ballentine
Student Works
As the earth continues to warm and the impacts of that warming trend loom larger, the question becomes whether and to what degree do governments have responsibility to respond to that threat. The potential range of threats and impacts from climate change vary greatly and governments’ ability to respond, effectively and efficiently, exceeds that of the individual and therefore must fall on the greater collection of individuals. In the United States, one way that the collection of individuals is represented, albeit with limitations, is by the government that operates for the collective public good. This Article focuses on what responsibility …
Ocean Iron Fertilization And Indigenous Peoples' Right To Food: Leveraging International And Domestic Law Protections To Enhance Access To Salmon In The Pacific Northwest, Randall S. Abate
Journal Publications
Ocean iron fertilization (OIF) is a new and controversial climate change mitigation strategy that seeks to increase the carbon-absorbing capacity of ocean waters by depositing significant quantities of iron dust into the marine environment to stimulate the growth of phytoplankton blooms. The photosynthetic processes of these blooms absorb carbon from the atmosphere and sequester it to the ocean floor. OIF has been criticized on several grounds. including the foreseeable and unforeseeable adverse consequences it may cause to the marine environment, as well as the daunting challenge of reconciling several potentially overlapping sources of international and domestic environmental law, which may …
International Legal Protection For Climate Refugees: Where Lies The Haven For The Maldivian People?, Simran Dolla
International Legal Protection For Climate Refugees: Where Lies The Haven For The Maldivian People?, Simran Dolla
Student Works
Climate change and sea level rise are not just mere words for the Maldivian people; they are a grim reality that is consuming their nation. Sea level rise presents one of the gravest dangers for the Maldives because of its already low-lying characteristics. As the levels continue to rise, the nation is sinking into extinction. Some 300,000 people of the Maldives are on the brink of losing their homes and becoming climate change refugees. The existing international laws are not only ill-equipped to provide protections or the much-needed relief, they also make no mention of climate change refugees. Therefore, as …
Eyes On Bangladesh's Disappearing Coasts: Proposed Constitutional Protections For Coastal Communities Particularly Vulnerable To Climate Change, Sabrina Persaud
Eyes On Bangladesh's Disappearing Coasts: Proposed Constitutional Protections For Coastal Communities Particularly Vulnerable To Climate Change, Sabrina Persaud
Student Works
Climate change, a phenomenon caused by global warming, has impacted just about every part of the earth. As polar ice caps continue to melt, people across the world are experiencing record-breaking heat waves and warmer winters. These erratic weather patterns are just one of the many impacts of climate change. Changes in temperature have altered ecosystems and habitats for terrestrial and marine wildlife, and caused human health to deteriorate. Larger, more industrialized countries are the major contributors to climate change; however, smaller countries, such as Bangladesh, suffer the consequences. This article analyses the negative effects that climate change has had …
Advancing Climate Justice In International Law: An Evaluation Of The United Nations Human Rights-Based Approach, Damilola S. Olawuyi
Advancing Climate Justice In International Law: An Evaluation Of The United Nations Human Rights-Based Approach, Damilola S. Olawuyi
Florida A & M University Law Review
The term “climate justice” has been traditionally deployed by scholars to emphasize the need for international law to provide legal solutions for direct and disproportionate impacts of climate change on human life and survival, particularly in vulnerable communities. However, with emerging patterns of human rights violations, massive land grabs, forced displacements, marginalization, exclusions, and governmental repressions resulting from climate change response measures and projects (particularly clean development mechanism (CDM), and REDD+ projects), climate justice has increasingly gained a more expansive connotation. Human rights violations and climate injustices resulting from climate change projects have resulted in calls for an international approach …
Florida's Downtowns Are Free To Grow Local Broccoli…And Chickens (Sometimes), Sidney F. Ansbacher, Michael T. Olexa, Kathleen Maurer
Florida's Downtowns Are Free To Grow Local Broccoli…And Chickens (Sometimes), Sidney F. Ansbacher, Michael T. Olexa, Kathleen Maurer
Florida A & M University Law Review
The United States Supreme Court in National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius (Sebelius), famously invoked broccoli to limit the scope of Commerce Clause. All of the Justices used broccoli as a plot device to further their respective arguments answering whether the individual mandate to buy health insurance was constitutional. This article discusses the other end of the economic spectrum – local. We explicate Florida’s local government regulations of urban planting, growing, and selling of broccoli, as well as other fruits, vegetables, and animals. This requires a history of urban agriculture and local zoning laws before we discuss current laws …
Please Turn Your Lights Off, The Turtles Are Nesting: Ensuring That Federal, State, And Local Laws Help Guide Endangered Marine Turtle Hatchlings In Florida To The Right Source Of Light, Cameryn Justice Rivera
Please Turn Your Lights Off, The Turtles Are Nesting: Ensuring That Federal, State, And Local Laws Help Guide Endangered Marine Turtle Hatchlings In Florida To The Right Source Of Light, Cameryn Justice Rivera
Student Works
In Florida, artificial lighting is a huge problem for marine turtle hatchlings and nesting mothers. Part I of this paper provides background information on sea turtle behavioral patterns in nesting and hatching, while also highlighting the problems of disorientation and nesting deterrence. Part II examines federal and state laws that authorize and delegate sea turtle oversight protections, administer legal and practical protection, and attempt to enforce the laws to prevent sea turtle disturbances or deaths. Part III discusses local ordinance regulations on artificial lighting and comments on the Model Lighting Ordinance in Florida. Part IV analyzes sea turtle law coordination …
Green Energy In Indian Country As A Double-Edged Sword For Native Americans: Drawing On The Inter-American And Colombian Legal Systems To Redefine The Right To Consultation, Diana Coronel David
Green Energy In Indian Country As A Double-Edged Sword For Native Americans: Drawing On The Inter-American And Colombian Legal Systems To Redefine The Right To Consultation, Diana Coronel David
Student Works
Energy is a key component in the redress of climate change evils and the United States has one of the highest per capita energy consumption in the world. The federal government’s goal is to reduce the country’s dependence on oil and double its wind and solar electricity generation by 2025. The development of renewable energy projects is to a great extent tied to Indian Country. This is highly important for Indian tribes as an empowering mechanism. Such projects could represent new sources of income for tribes whose traditional subsistence-based lifestyles have been impacted by climate change. Renewable energy projects in …
Advancing Climate Justice In International Law: Evaluating The United Nations Human Rights Based Approach, Dr. Damilola S. Olawuyi
Advancing Climate Justice In International Law: Evaluating The United Nations Human Rights Based Approach, Dr. Damilola S. Olawuyi
Environmental and Animal Law
The Florida Agricultural & Mechanical University College of Law's Center for International Law & Justice and the Environment, Development & Justice Program presented the First Annual Climate and Energy Justice Lecture featuring Dr. Damilola S. Olawuyi. Dr. Olawuyi teaches and conducts research in the area of public international law, specializing in natural resources, energy and environment, oil and gas law and international human rights law.